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288:, where each competitor completes two runs and the time of their faster run gives the qualification result. Depending on the number of participants in the event, 10 to 40 boats make it through to the semi-final; this consists of one run on a different course. The fastest semi-final boats, the number determined by the number of participants, make it through to the final, where they navigate the semi-final course once more. Their ranking within the final group is based on the time of that last run alone.
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265:, where the water is flat or moving slightly upstream; the paddler enters an eddy from the main current and paddles upstream through the gate. Downstream gates may also be placed in eddies, to increase the difficulty, and downstream gates in the current can be offset to alternating sides of the current, requiring rapid turns in fast-moving water.
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In 2005 the minimum length of these boats was reduced from 4 meters down to 3.5 meters, causing a flurry of new, faster boat designs which are able to navigate courses with more speed and precision. The shorter length also allows for easier navigation and less boat damage in the smaller manmade river
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set the stage for the future of artificial course creation. With the exception of the altered river bed of the Ocoee River in 1996, every
Olympic venue has been a manmade concrete channel. Since the late 1980s, artificial course creation has surged; now most countries that field Olympic slalom teams
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during the run. Contact with other boats is permitted, but competitors may be disqualified for dangerous paddling. Faults may be assessed for rule violations (such as not properly navigating a gate). Competitors with zero faults are ranked by order of finish and ahead of any competitors with one or
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For the gate to be considered correctly negotiated, the whole head of the athlete (or all athletes) and at the same time a part of the boat must pass through the gate. If the competitor's boat, paddle or body touches either pole of the gate, a time penalty of two seconds is added. If the competitor
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Each gate consists of two poles hanging from a wire strung across the river. There are 18-25 numbered gates in a course, of which 6 or 8 must be upstream gates, and they are colored as either green (downstream) or red (upstream), indicating the direction they must be negotiated. Upstream gates are
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In the 1960s and early 1970s, boats were made of heavy fiberglass and nylon. The boats were high volume and weighed over 30 pounds (14 kilos). In the early 1970s Kevlar was used and the boats became lighter as well as the volume of the boats was being reduced almost every year as new designs were
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also reduced the width of the boats in the early 1970s. The gates were hung about 10 cm above the water. When racers began making lower-volume boats, the gates were raised in response to fears that new boats would be of such low volume as to create a hazard to the paddler. Their low-volume
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misses a gate, deliberately pushes the gate to pass through, goes through the gate in the wrong direction or upside-down, or goes through it in the wrong order, a 50-second penalty is given. Only one penalty can be incurred on each gate, and this will be taken as the highest one.
284:) all competitors complete a first run in the qualification round, called the "heats"; the fastest 20 to 30 boats make it through to the semi-final. The remaining competitors complete a second run, with a further 10 moving forward. The qualifying format is different for the
226:. Boats were heavy, usually over 30 pounds (14 kilos). With the advent of kevlar and carbon fiber being used in the 1970s, the widths of the boats were reduced by the ICF, and the boats were reduced in volume to pass the gates, and boats have become much lighter and faster.
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There are rules governing almost every aspect of slalom equipment used in major competition, including sponsor advertisement. Some of these rules vary from country to country; each national canoe and kayak governing body publishes its own variation of the rules.
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Most slalom courses take 80 to 120 seconds to complete for the fastest paddlers. Depending on the level of competition, difficulty of the course, degree of water turbulence, and ability of the other paddlers, times can go up to 200 seconds.
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7.1.6 Kayaks are decked boats, which must be propelled by double-bladed paddles and inside which the competitors sit. Canoes are decked boats that must be propelled by single-bladed paddles and inside which the competitors
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have more than one artificial course to train on. Artificial river creation has evolved and new courses have fewer issues than some of the initial designs.
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Typically, new racing boats cost between $ 1,200 and $ 2,500 (or $ 850 onwards for the cheapest constructions in fiberglass). Usually boats are made with
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more faults; if two or more competitors have faults, they are ranked by number of faults and then by the distance traveled without a fault.
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whitewater. Some courses are technical, containing many rocks. Others are on stretches containing fewer rocks and larger waves and holes.
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Kayak cross, previously known as extreme slalom, is a discipline in which four kayaks race each other on a single course, similarly to
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7.1.3 All boats must have a minimum radius at each end of 2 cm (1 in) horizontally and 1 cm (0 in) vertically.
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732:"QUALIFICATION SYSTEM – GAMES OF THE XXXII OLYMPIAD – TOKYO 2020 : INTERNATIONAL CANOE FEDERATION (ICF) : Canoe Slalom"
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made. A minimum boat weight was introduced to equalize competition when super light materials began to affect race results. The
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Canoe double (C2) men lost its status as an
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390:(The minimum weight of the boat is determined when the boat is dry. The weight minimums were raised for 2017.)
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462:. The competitors drop into the water from a starting ramp, must pass through gates, and must perform a
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Boat design progression is rather limited year to year. Directly from the 2017 ICF Canoe Slalom Rules:
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Canoe slalom racing started in
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sterns allow the boat to slice through the water in a quick turn, or "pivot".
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7.1.5 Boats must be designed to, and remain within, the required dimensions.
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834:"Kayak cross: Kimberley Woods on canoeing's unpredictable Olympic event"
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is another technique in use to increase the stiffness of slalom boats.
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174:(IOC) as Canoe/Kayak Slalom. The other Olympic canoeing discipline is
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Sir
Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
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All types of C1 9 kg (20 lb). (Previously 8 kg).
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All types of K1 9 kg (20 lb). (Previously 8 kg).
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through a course of hanging downstream or upstream gates on
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All types of C2 Minimum length 4.10 m minimum width 0.75 m
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All types of C1 Minimum length 3.50 m minimum width 0.60 m
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All types of K1 Minimum length 3.50 m minimum width 0.60 m
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in the fastest time possible. It is one of two kayak and
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beds that are prevalent in current elite competitions.
194:(ICF), which governs the sport, was formed. The first
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
475:Slalom canoeing made its Olympic debut in 1972 in
245:. It has been a regular Olympic sport since 1992.
911:"When Kayak Cross will take place at Paris 2024"
708:. International Canoe Federation. Archived from
1659:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
303:There are currently four Olympic Medal events:
596:The 1972 Olympics in Augsburg were held on an
313:C2 (canoe double) Men (was dropped after 2016)
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218:; and in the early 1960s, boats were made of
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1629:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
771:"Canoe Slalom Competition Rules Final 2017"
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1639:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
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407:7.1.4 Rudders are prohibited on all boats
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
399:All types of C2 15 kg (33 lb).
214:. Folding kayaks were used from 1949 to
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1697:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
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487:. It was not seen again until 1992 in
630:List of artificial whitewater courses
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1798:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
1750:International Dragon Boat Federation
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645:
620:ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
58:adding citations to reliable sources
886:"Extreme slalom – the coming storm"
787:from the original on March 29, 2017
956:Slalom: American Canoe Association
25:
1563:List of world records in canoeing
807:"Explained: What is Kayak Cross?"
325:Kayak cross Women (added in 2024)
136:Canoe slalom in Augsburg, Germany
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748:from the original on 27 May 2018
34:
1817:
1649:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
890:Welcome to the Paddler magazine
884:Jackson, Eric (22 March 2022).
625:Canoeing at the Summer Olympics
322:Kayak cross Men (added in 2024)
272:In international competitions (
172:International Olympic Committee
45:needs additional citations for
939:International Canoe Federation
438:Slalom courses are usually on
387:7.1.2 Minimum Weight of Boats
192:International Canoe Federation
182:is a non-Olympic paddlesport.
1:
1573:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
832:Poole, Harry (20 July 2024).
202:in Switzerland. From 1949 to
1644:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
1546:Canoeing and kayaking venues
346:and fiberglass cloth, using
170:, and is referred to by the
1727:Portuguese Canoe Federation
1654:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
1613:Riverland Paddling Marathon
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2258:Summer Olympic disciplines
1722:Scottish Canoe Association
1682:American Canoe Association
1677:European Canoe Association
1170:Women's Canadian medalists
944:International Slalom Rules
706:"Canoeing at the Olympics"
2215:
1814:
1760:UK Rivers Access Campaign
1712:Croatian Canoe Federation
949:Latest ICF Slalom Results
1717:Israel Canoe Association
1588:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
1568:Adirondack Canoe Classic
1165:Men's Canadian medalists
433:whitewater slalom course
1221:Slalom Junior & U23
1210:Women's kayak medalists
1200:Women's canoe medalists
1180:Women's kayak medalists
319:K1 (kayak single) Women
310:C1 (canoe single) Women
27:Competitive water sport
1598:National Student Rodeo
1281:Canoe and kayak diving
1142:Standup paddleboarding
813:. Team GB. 31 May 2024
615:Canoe Slalom World Cup
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300:
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2227:Winter Olympic sports
2155:Greco-Roman wrestling
1867:Summer Olympic sports
1745:Canadian Canoe Museum
1593:Massive Murray Paddle
1540:Artificial whitewater
1215:Mixed canoe medalists
1205:Men's kayak medalists
1195:Men's canoe medalists
1175:Men's kayak medalists
600:course. The Augsburg
598:artificial whitewater
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316:K1 (kayak single) Men
307:C1 (canoe single) Men
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143:(previously known as
135:
2253:Canoeing disciplines
2166:Discretionary sports
1451:Canoe paddle strokes
1408:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
261:typically placed in
54:improve this article
2150:Freestyle wrestling
2046:Rhythmic gymnastics
2041:Artistic gymnastics
1737:Other organisations
1583:Dusi Canoe Marathon
1337:International Canoe
1257:Whitewater canoeing
1252:Small-craft sailing
1185:Paracanoe medalists
373:7.1.1 Measurements
282:World Ranking Races
274:World Championships
196:World Championships
166:disciplines at the
1702:Canoe Kayak Canada
1484:Albano buoy system
1347:Recreational kayak
1291:Canoe orienteering
1236:Wildwater canoeing
1040:Wildwater canoeing
915:ICF - Planet Canoe
863:ICF - Planet Canoe
712:on August 13, 2014
682:ICF - Planet Canoe
657:ICF - Planet Canoe
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180:Wildwater canoeing
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2223:Paralympic sports
2068:Modern pentathlon
1896:Marathon Swimming
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1786:Paddle-to-the-Sea
1779:La Chasse-galerie
1398:Pacific Northwest
1361:Traditional boats
1095:Other disciplines
865:. 29 January 2019
145:whitewater slalom
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18:Whitewater Slalom
16:(Redirected from
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2133:Beach volleyball
1874:Mandatory sports
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1687:Paddle Australia
1669:Governing bodies
1608:Waterside Series
1603:Thameside Series
1081:Female medalists
1013:Main disciplines
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1076:Male medalists
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1030:Canoe marathon
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583:Oklahoma City
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493:1992 Olympics
490:
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457:
453:
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440:Class II - IV
434:
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358:, Kevlar, or
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286:Olympic Games
283:
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255:
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241:, Canada, in
240:
236:
232:
229:From 1949 to
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:were held in
197:
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185:
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113:
110:November 2018
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2248:Canoe slalom
2219:
2108:Table tennis
2078:Rugby sevens
2051:Trampolining
2021:Field hockey
2009:Show jumping
1982:Road cycling
1955:Canoe sprint
1950:Canoe slalom
1949:
1803:
1796:
1784:
1777:
1556:Competitions
1544:
1504:Paddle leash
1499:Paddle float
1352:Sprint canoe
1305:Modern boats
1296:Canoe livery
1266:Sea kayaking
1259: /
1231:Ocean Racing
1132:Snow boating
1025:Canoe slalom
1024:
1020:Canoe sprint
919:. Retrieved
917:. 2024-07-23
914:
905:
893:. Retrieved
889:
879:
867:. Retrieved
862:
853:
841:. Retrieved
837:
827:
815:. Retrieved
810:
801:
789:. Retrieved
778:Canoeicf.com
777:
750:. Retrieved
739:Canoeicf.com
738:
726:
714:. Retrieved
710:the original
686:. Retrieved
684:. 2015-08-17
681:
672:
661:. Retrieved
659:. 2015-07-21
656:
595:
485:Munich Games
481:West Germany
474:
449:
437:
417:
368:
364:
340:carbon fiber
337:
328:
302:
290:
271:
267:
259:
247:
228:
210:years since
189:
176:canoe sprint
160:river rapids
144:
141:Canoe slalom
140:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1805:Waterwalker
1707:Canoe Wales
1388:Fur brigade
1122:Surf skiing
1112:Nouka Baich
752:29 November
592:, Australia
588:2032: TBA,
528:, Australia
519:Ocoee River
446:Kayak cross
2242:Categories
2128:Volleyball
2036:Gymnastics
1994:Equestrian
1967:BMX racing
1928:Basketball
1906:Water polo
1519:Spray deck
1461:Kayak roll
1443:Techniques
1245:Recreation
1035:Canoe polo
921:2024-08-06
688:2021-03-15
663:2021-03-15
636:References
547:Lee Valley
483:, for the
464:kayak roll
452:BMX racing
278:World Cups
220:fiberglass
80:newspapers
2220:See also:
2145:Wrestling
2123:Triathlon
2113:Taekwondo
1923:Badminton
1918:Athletics
1692:Paddle UK
1622:Festivals
1489:Outrigger
1476:Equipment
1433:Swan boat
1428:War canoe
1055:Paracanoe
838:BBC Sport
678:"History"
497:Barcelona
456:ski cross
352:polyester
299:Slalom C1
235:Jonquière
2202:Lacrosse
2182:Softball
2178:Baseball
2173:Breaking
2088:Shooting
2058:Handball
2026:Football
2004:Eventing
1999:Dressage
1945:Canoeing
1901:Swimming
1886:Artistic
1881:Aquatics
1514:Sea sock
1261:kayaking
1226:Marathon
1102:Creeking
1064:Olympics
1006:kayaking
1002:Canoeing
791:July 21,
782:Archived
743:Archived
716:July 24,
609:See also
602:Eiskanal
590:Brisbane
574:, France
556:, Brazil
535:, Greece
505:Augsburg
477:Augsburg
471:Olympics
164:canoeing
2187:Cricket
2103:Surfing
2083:Sailing
2016:Fencing
1962:Cycling
1913:Archery
1822:Outline
1509:Royalex
1466:Portage
1403:Rabaska
895:27 July
869:27 July
843:27 July
817:27 July
563:, Japan
526:Penrith
514:, Spain
423:Courses
186:History
94:scholar
2207:Squash
2197:Karate
2118:Tennis
2073:Rowing
1940:Boxing
1891:Diving
1533:Venues
1524:Tuilik
1494:Paddle
1413:Taimen
1383:Dugout
1373:Cayuco
1191:Slalom
1161:Sprint
1086:Venues
577:2028:
566:2024:
559:2020:
552:2016:
545:2012:
540:Shunyi
538:2008:
533:Athens
531:2004:
524:2000:
517:1996:
510:1992:
503:1972:
414:kneel.
360:Aramid
356:carbon
344:Kevlar
263:eddies
239:Québec
149:decked
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1770:Media
1418:Umiak
1342:Malia
1327:Flyak
1317:Kayak
1312:Canoe
785:(PDF)
774:(PDF)
746:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
572:Paris
561:Tokyo
348:epoxy
256:Rules
250:Tokyo
237:, in
224:nylon
156:kayak
152:canoe
101:JSTOR
87:books
2225:and
2063:Judo
2031:Golf
1791:film
1423:Waka
1004:and
897:2024
871:2024
845:2024
819:2024
793:2013
754:2018
718:2012
549:, UK
458:and
243:1979
231:1977
222:and
216:1963
212:2002
204:1999
200:1949
73:news
1933:3x3
1152:ICF
495:in
350:or
332:ICF
252:.
154:or
56:by
2244::
2180:/
913:.
888:.
861:.
836:.
809:.
780:.
776:.
762:^
741:.
737:.
697:^
680:.
655:.
644:^
581:,
570:,
479:,
454:,
342:,
280:,
276:,
178:.
1854:e
1847:t
1840:v
1793:)
1789:(
1217:)
1193:(
1187:)
1163:(
994:e
987:t
980:v
924:.
899:.
873:.
847:.
821:.
795:.
756:.
720:.
691:.
666:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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