495:, the Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the Court of Appeals' decision. The Court affirmed that the text of Section 109(b) unambiguously barred cost considerations from the NAAQS-setting process. The Court wrote, "Whether the statute delegates legislative power is a question for the courts, and an agency's voluntary self-denial has no bearing upon the answer." The Court determined that the scope of discretion that Section 109(b)(1) allowed was well within the outer limits of nondelegation precedents. The Court concluded this based on prior holdings, noting it had only twice found an intelligible principle lacking in a statutory delegation: one which contained "literally no guidance for the exercise of discretion," and the other "conferred authority to regulate the entire economy on the basis of no more precise a standard than stimulating the economy by assuring 'fair competition.
144:
512:
decision to be called anything other than legislative. He stated that he would be willing to reconsider the delegation precedents in the future to determine whether delegation jurisprudence has strayed too far from
Founders' understanding of separation of powers. The Court also held that EPA's implementation policy constituted a final agency action subject to judicial review and that two statutory provisions for ozone, Subpart I and Subpart 2, were seemingly in conflict and EPA must reconcile these provisions on remand.
523:. They both agreed with the Court that Section 109(b)(1) did grant the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to promulgate national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) but they wanted to acknowledge that the power delegated to the EPA was "legislative power" which the majority does not agree with. They support this claim by defining how to properly characterize governmental power which should depend on the nature of the power not on the identity of the person using the power.
35:
511:
wrote a separate concurrence. He was not sure that the intelligible principle criterion served to prevent all cessions of legislative power. He believed that there are cases in which the principle itself is intelligible but the significance of the delegated decision is simply too great for the
479:
had decided that the standard making procedure delegated by
Congress to the EPA to set air quality was an unconstitutional delegation in contravention of Article I, Section I, of the US Constitution because the EPA had interpreted the statute to provide "no intelligible principle" to guide the
470:
Section 109(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act instructed the EPA to set "ambient air quality standards the attainment and maintenance of which in the judgment of the
Administrator, based on criteria and allowing an adequate margin of safety, are requisite to protect the
1808:
278:(1) The Clean Air Act properly delegated legislative power to the Environmental Protection Agency. (2) The Environmental Protection Agency cannot consider implementation costs in setting primary and secondary national ambient air quality standards.
1192:
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2020:
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agency's exercise of authority. It also found that the EPA could not consider the economic cost of implementing a national ambient air quality standard.
1232:
1940:
537:
78:
1903:
1352:
499:" Consequently, the Court remanded the case for the Court of Appeals to reinterpret the statute that would avoid a delegation of legislative power.
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67:
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833:
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1976:
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1383:
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1109:
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56:
362:
Scalia, joined by
Rehnquist, O'Connor, Thomas, Kennedy, Ginsburg; Stevens, Souter (except part III); Breyer (except part II)
1426:
92:
2006:
1524:
873:
476:
428:
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1970:
1224:
1083:
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1964:
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1768:
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2100:
231:
801:
976:
878:
455:
451:
309:
1958:
245:
17:
2413:
2402:
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1994:
1870:
1402:
1035:
767:
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181:
1946:
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1075:
2392:
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1909:
1394:
1059:
337:
212:
1418:
735:
The Dirty Dozen: How Twelve
Supreme Court Cases Radically Expanded Government and Eroded Freedom
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2012:
1928:
1125:
1027:
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516:
301:
293:
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939:
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313:
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2480:
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472:
444:
2367:
863:
818:
325:
1344:
184:
167:
Christine Todd
Whitman, Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency, et al.
2485:
730:
677:
459:
34:
1921:
1809:
Los
Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council
868:
249:
200:
2194:
1934:
1852:
450:
The
Supreme Court faced the issues of whether the statute had impermissibly
432:
235:
196:
810:
454:
legislative power to the agency and whether the
Administrator of the EPA,
458:, could consider the costs of implementation in setting national ambient
436:
240:
1481:
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural
Resources Defense Council
629:"Disciplining Delegation After "Whitman v. American Trucking Ass'ns""
424:
2021:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
440:
228:
1707:
Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1691:
Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon
1348:
822:
143:
1825:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
1777:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1699:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1615:
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association
28:
1793:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
1761:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
1753:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
2441:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
1020:
Bi-Metallic Investment Co. v. State Board of Equalization
2560:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
1473:
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
519:
also wrote a separate concurrence, which was joined by
1715:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
1559:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA
1435:
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
678:"Symposium: Whitman v. American Trucking Association"
533:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 531
2231:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
2351:
2303:
2071:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
1885:
1851:
1725:
1663:
1633:
1523:
1453:
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136:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2201:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
2255:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
411:, 531 U.S. 457 (2001), was a case decided by the
2313:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
2077:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
1443:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
733:(2008). "Lawmaking by Administrative Agencies".
712:, 531 U.S. at 487-490 (Stevens, J., concurring).
2550:United States statutory interpretation case law
760:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
408:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
137:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
2323:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1567:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
1489:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
2575:United States nondelegation doctrine case law
2333:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1983:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
1360:
834:
427:and particulate matter was challenged by the
8:
1543:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
171:American Trucking Associations, Inc., et al.
2189:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
1505:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1497:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance
68:"Whitman v. American Trucking Ass'ns, Inc."
2183:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
1591:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
1583:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.
1535:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1450:
1367:
1353:
1345:
1118:Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
1098:
1044:Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
992:
841:
827:
819:
133:
1941:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
1910:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
1551:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations
557:Whitman v. American Trucking Ass'ns, Inc.
538:List of United States Supreme Court cases
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
18:Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc.
1904:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
667:, 531 U.S. at 487 (Thomas., concurring).
2338:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1304:Bowen v. Georgetown University Hospital
549:
2431:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
2274:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
2171:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
2159:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
1833:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
737:. New York: Sentinel. pp. 67–88.
2540:United States administrative case law
2519:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action
2040:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
1817:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
1427:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation
705:
703:
701:
421:National Ambient Air Quality Standard
238:1999), opinion modified on rehearing
131:2001 United States Supreme Court case
7:
2545:United States environmental case law
2248:Energy Independence and Security Act
2219:National Environmental Education Act
1265:Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
57:adding citations to reliable sources
2491:Significant New Alternatives Policy
2343:U.S. Global Change Research Program
1653:Southern Union Co. v. United States
1599:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
1513:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
378:Stevens (in part), joined by Souter
2268:America's Water Infrastructure Act
2258:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)
1977:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
1737:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1675:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
1645:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
149:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
2555:United States Supreme Court cases
2284:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)
2046:National Environmental Policy Act
2024:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)
1785:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
1745:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers
770:457 (2001) is available from:
2471:Presidential Climate Action Plan
2451:New Source Performance Standards
2318:Council on Environmental Quality
2207:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
850:United States administrative law
633:Vanderbilt University Law School
142:
33:
2107:Water Resources Development Act
2064:Coastal Zone Management Program
1376:United States environmental law
417:Environmental Protection Agency
44:needs additional citations for
2570:2001 in United States case law
2398:Environmental impact statement
2378:Corporate average fuel economy
2262:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
1683:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
1185:Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB
1110:Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner
909:Government in the Sunshine Act
1:
477:D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals
429:American Trucking Association
2177:Toxic Substances Control Act
1225:Christensen v. Harris County
1084:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
897:Administrative Procedure Act
2436:National Climate Assessment
2383:Discharge Monitoring Report
2236:Food Quality Protection Act
2058:Coastal Zone Management Act
1241:United States v. Mead Corp.
1177:Skidmore v. Swift & Co.
1169:NLRB v. Hearst Publications
933:Code of Federal Regulations
431:, along with other private
413:United States Supreme Court
2591:
2213:Global Change Research Act
1863:United States v. Bestfoods
947:Emergency Federal Register
915:Regulatory Flexibility Act
903:Freedom of Information Act
811:Oyez (oral argument audio)
2486:Section 608 Certification
2426:Maximum contaminant level
2363:Best available technology
2009:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990)
1989:Air Pollution Control Act
1953:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
488:In an opinion written by
395:
287:
277:
158:Decided February 27, 2001
141:
2514:Toxicity category rating
2509:Total maximum daily load
2446:National Priorities List
2328:Office of Surface Mining
2153:Federal Noxious Weed Act
2054:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)
2028:Solid Waste Disposal Act
1769:Rapanos v. United States
2565:2001 in the environment
2476:Renewable Fuel Standard
2294:Inflation Reduction Act
2101:Safe Drinking Water Act
988:Supreme Court decisions
423:(NAAQS) for regulating
156:Argued November 7, 2000
2089:Endangered Species Act
2034:Endangered Species Act
1916:Rivers and Harbors Act
1465:United States v. SCRAP
1411:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
1068:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
1052:United States v. FECRC
977:Foreign Affairs Manual
879:Nondelegation doctrine
456:Christine Todd Whitman
2414:Executive Order 13990
2408:Executive Order 13432
2403:Environmental justice
2288:CHIPS and Science Act
1995:Fish and Wildlife Act
1871:Guam v. United States
1403:Sierra Club v. Morton
1036:Richardson v. Perales
2497:State of the Climate
2165:Magnuson–Stevens Act
1971:McSweeney-McNary Act
1623:West Virginia v. EPA
1575:Massachusetts v. EPA
1257:West Virginia v. EPA
1076:Califano v. Yamasaki
962:Policies and manuals
195:121 S. Ct. 903; 149
53:improve this article
2461:Not-To-Exceed (NTE)
2393:Environmental crime
2388:Effluent guidelines
2149:, 2014, 2016, 2022)
1889:federal legislation
1395:Missouri v. Holland
1060:Mathews v. Eldridge
889:Federal legislation
802:Library of Congress
396:Section 109 of the
338:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
310:Sandra Day O'Connor
2281:Louisiana v. Biden
2195:CERCLA (Superfund)
2103:(1974, 1986, 1996)
1419:Hughes v. Oklahoma
1193:MVMA v. State Farm
1150:Corner Post v. FRB
1012:Londoner v. Denver
1004:CMSPR v. Minnesota
731:Mellor, William H.
655:, 531 U.S. at 476.
618:, 531 U.S. at 474.
606:, 531 U.S. at 473.
594:, 531 U.S. at 486.
582:, 531 U.S. at 462.
435:and the states of
298:Associate Justices
248:(D.C. Cir. 1999);
2527:
2526:
2456:New Source Review
2242:Energy Policy Act
2225:Oil Pollution Act
2095:Oil Pollution Act
2083:Noise Control Act
2013:Acid Rain Program
2001:Oil Pollution Act
1965:Oil Pollution Act
1959:Clarke–McNary Act
1881:
1880:
1841:Sackett v. EPA II
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1275:
1274:
1126:Heckler v. Chaney
1028:Goldberg v. Kelly
744:978-1-59523-050-8
517:John Paul Stevens
404:
403:
294:William Rehnquist
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
2582:
2373:Clean Power Plan
2305:Federal agencies
1947:Weeks–McLean Act
1801:Sackett v. EPA I
1451:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1099:
993:
940:Federal Register
843:
836:
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820:
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583:
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571:
554:
498:
386:Breyer (in part)
283:Court membership
268:1202 (2000).
146:
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134:
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117:
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61:
37:
29:
21:
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2052:Clean Water Act
1896:
1895:and lower court
1894:
1892:
1887:
1877:
1847:
1721:
1659:
1629:
1607:Michigan v. EPA
1519:
1449:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1343:
1334:
1328:NCTA v. Brand X
1271:
1249:Kisor v. Wilkie
1217:Auer v. Robbins
1209:Chevron v. NRDC
1156:
1095:Judicial Review
1090:
982:
957:
953:Regulations.gov
920:
883:
852:
847:
813:
807:
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789:
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771:
755:
745:
727:Levy, Robert A.
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708:
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689:
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555:
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529:
509:Clarence Thomas
505:
496:
486:
468:
336:
334:Clarence Thomas
324:
322:Anthony Kennedy
312:
302:John P. Stevens
204:
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2503:Tailoring Rule
2500:
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2483:
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2473:
2468:
2466:PACE financing
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1371:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1320:Whitman v. ATA
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
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1270:
1269:
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1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1142:Norton v. SUWA
1138:
1134:Webster v. Doe
1130:
1122:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1008:
999:
997:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
973:
970:Justice Manual
965:
963:
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950:
943:
936:
928:
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919:
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891:
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58:
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48:
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42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2495:
2368:Citizen suit
2356:and concepts
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2019:
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1201:BGLC v. NRDC
1199:
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864:Adjudication
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690:November 11,
688:. Retrieved
684:
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638:November 11,
636:. Retrieved
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611:
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570: (2001).
556:
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391:Laws applied
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219:Case history
188:
166:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2353:Regulations
1233:FDA v. BWTC
996:Due Process
925:Regulations
462:standards.
460:air quality
383:Concurrence
375:Concurrence
367:Concurrence
252:. granted,
244:, 195 F.3d
2534:Categories
1922:Refuse Act
869:Rulemaking
544:References
466:Background
201:U.S. LEXIS
79:newspapers
1935:Weeks Act
1929:Lacey Act
1897:decisions
1893:treaties,
1387:decisions
685:lawbc.com
452:delegated
433:companies
236:D.C. Cir.
197:L. Ed. 2d
177:Citations
109:July 2015
2420:LDV Rule
1161:Standard
857:Concepts
758:Text of
568:457, 463
527:See also
515:Justice
507:Justice
484:Decision
437:Michigan
359:Majority
209:Argument
199:1; 2001
2060:(1972)
1918:(1899)
784:Findlaw
720:Sources
710:Whitman
665:Whitman
653:Whitman
616:Whitman
604:Whitman
592:Whitman
580:Whitman
490:Justice
475:." The
273:Holding
241:en banc
93:scholar
2505:(2010)
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2296:(2022)
2290:(2022)
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2003:(1961)
1997:(1956)
1991:(1955)
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1979:(1934)
1973:(1928)
1967:(1924)
1961:(1924)
1955:(1918)
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1943:(1911)
1937:(1911)
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1906:(1872)
1874:(2021)
1866:(1998)
1853:CERCLA
1844:(2023)
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1820:(2016)
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1804:(2012)
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1788:(2009)
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1686:(1992)
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1656:(2012)
1648:(1978)
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1476:(1983)
1468:(1973)
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1406:(1972)
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1307:(1988)
1299:(1986)
1291:(1983)
1268:(2024)
1260:(2022)
1252:(2019)
1244:(2001)
1236:(2000)
1228:(2000)
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1212:(1984)
1204:(1983)
1196:(1983)
1188:(1951)
1180:(1944)
1172:(1944)
1153:(2024)
1145:(2004)
1137:(1988)
1129:(1985)
1121:(1971)
1113:(1967)
1087:(1982)
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1071:(1978)
1063:(1976)
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1047:(1972)
1039:(1971)
1031:(1970)
1023:(1915)
1015:(1908)
1007:(1890)
917:(1980)
911:(1976)
905:(1966)
899:(1946)
874:Notice
814:
808:
805:
799:
796:
793:Justia
790:
787:
781:
778:
772:
741:
559:,
443:, and
370:Thomas
344:
342:·
340:
332:
330:·
328:
320:
318:·
316:
308:
306:·
304:
260:1129,
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1886:Major
1855:cases
1729:cases
1667:cases
1637:cases
1527:cases
1457:cases
766:
681:(PDF)
563:
425:ozone
400:(CAA)
264:
256:
224:Prior
100:JSTOR
86:books
2147:2007
2143:2000
2139:1999
2135:1996
2131:1992
2127:1990
2123:1988
2119:1986
2115:1976
2111:1974
1635:RCRA
1455:NEPA
768:U.S.
739:ISBN
692:2021
640:2021
565:U.S.
441:Ohio
266:U.S.
258:U.S.
250:cert
232:1027
229:F.3d
227:175
203:1952
190:more
182:U.S.
180:531
72:news
1727:CWA
1665:ESA
1525:CAA
764:531
561:531
419:'s
262:530
254:529
185:457
55:by
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2121:,
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20:)
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