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priest. The peasants stood in a row and bowed to the holy man. Luka began to ask the priest if he was free to live. The priest thought about it and began to talk. He simply kept silent about the years of study. The priest has no rest. He is called to a sick, dying person. My heart aches and aches for orphans and people leaving for another world. The hand does not rise to take copper dimes - a reward for demand. And you have to live on something. The priest has no honor. They call him insulting words, stay away on the way, compose fairy tales. They do not like either a priest's daughter, or a priest, or seminarians. A priest is not held in high esteem among all classes. Where does the priest get wealth? There used to be many nobles in Russia. Children were born in the estates, weddings were played. Even if one of the landowners lived in cities, then he came to die in the village and bequeathed to be buried in the parish. Everyone went to the priests, the wealth grew and multiplied, and the laity also received something. Now everything has changed in Russia. The landowners scattered across the foreign land, leaving only ruined possessions in their homeland. The priest complains about the emerging schismatics who live among the
Orthodox. However, he was lucky here, he avoided the need to cash in on schismatics, since in his parish there are Orthodox Christians in the majority - two-thirds. But the life of the priests is becoming more and more difficult, only poor peasants give income. And what can they give? Only a dime and a pie for the holiday, and eggs for Easter. The priest finished his melancholy story and moved on. The men pounced on Luka, who argued that the priests live at ease.
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382:. Several of the verses from it (tellingly, all quoted by the reviewer) were used by Nekrasov in Chapter IV of the Part 3. All belonged to Irina Fedosova, the famous Olonets voplenitsa (lament-cryer). In the tale of Matryona Korchagina, one of this chapter's character, Nekrasov used details of Fedosova's autobiography, related by Barsov in his 1972 book.
331:, Nekrasov for twenty years was "word by word" gathering bits and pieces he later used in the poem. "Nekrasov worked with the Russian folklore not as a copyist but as a real artist... He managed to work the rich and complex multitude of the Russian proverbs and sayings into the vast tapestry guided by ideological lines with great taste," argued
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Petrov puffed, swiping sweat from his face, occasionally moaning: 'Please calm down, Nikolai
Alekseyevich... Once you get better, you'll correct some things and it will pass through...'" In the last desperate attempt to appease the censors, Nekrasov removed several fragments (including three songs) from Part 4 and added two lines glorifying Tsar
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according to the censor 's demands and removed
Soldier's Song along with two more songs, but to throw away Yakov's Story, - and he considers this necessary so as to avoid the arrest of both the book and the journal, - is something I cannot do, for that would render the whole thing meaningless. The ugliness of
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manner, some of its songs ("In the moment of gloom, Oh
Motherland...") sounding like no songs at all. On the other hand, "The Peasant Woman" (Krestyanka) is built upon the huge bulk of a folklore material. Some of the folk songs have undergone artistic treatment, others ("You tell me, why...", "My
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In each of the poem's four parts elements of
Russian folklore were used differently. "The Last One" (Posledysh), a family drama in the form of a poetic novelette, is devoid of it altogether. "The Feast For All the World" features song-like fragments only occasionally. On the whole its written in a
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at its most extreme is shown here so as to highlight the great moral value of its abolition. How can one maul the poem on the grounds that it features gloomy songs and scenes from the times of serfdom? There is hope in it too. The final verdict depends on your
Excellency. As for me, now I regret I
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Nekrasov's magnum opus is regarded as a groundbreaking work, a "great poem, featuring the whole of the
Russian people as its main hero," according to Korney Chukovsky. "With its extraordinary verbal expressiveness, energy and many discoveries, this is one of the most original Russian poems of the
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According to sister Anna
Alekseyevna Nekrasova, on November 19 the poet "sent for censor Petrov and for two hours was trying to put it to him that there was nothing reprehensible in the Part 4. He even suggested certain lines in the earlier parts of the poem might have deserved the ban better...
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No.1, 1874. In all the posthumous editions "Krestyanka" featured as part 2 and "Posledysh" followed it. In 1876-1877 Nekrasov was working hectically upon Part 4, "The Feast for All the World" (Пир на весь мир), but death from cancer on 28 December 1877 (old style) prevented him from finishing it.
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The peasants continued on their way. They met many people, but no one was interested in life. All the wanderers were close to them: the bast shoe, the artisan, the beggar, the coachman. The soldier could not be happy. He shaves with an awl, warms himself with smoke. Toward nightfall, they met a
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who (mistakenly) informed him that
Professor N.N.Grigoryev, the chief of the governmental Press and Publishing department, expressed his willingness to lift the ban from the publication of the poem's final part, Nekrasov asked the latter for help in a personal letter: "I made some concessions
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Having noticed in the proofs the verse glorifying the Tsar, Anna
Nekrasova reminded Saltykov that it had been written under pressure and asked for it to be removed. Saltykov answered it was too late to change, besides, it was this version that had been approved by Abaza. For some reason Anna
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again presented the final chapter for the censor's consideration. N.S. Abaza, who succeeded Grigoryev as the Press and Publishing department's chief, found nothing wrong with it and the same censor Lebedev signed the permission. In the February 1881 issue of
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One the distinguishing features of the poem is its closeness to Russian poetic folklore. Working upon it, Nekrasov used numerous academic sources and ethnographical collections. He contributed to it some of his own findings too. According to
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Nekrasova decided against removing the offending fragments from the text when she herself was supervising it for the 1881 edition of The Works of N.A.Nekrasov. This was done decades later, starting with the 1927 Soviet edition of it.
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censorship committee informed the magazine that it will be closed immediately should it proceed with the proposed publication. For the now terminally ill author this proved to be a heavy blow.
367:("The Proverbs of the Russian People, 1862"), Rybnikov, Pavel Sheyn ("Russian Folk Songs", 1870), Viktor Varentsov ("The Collection of Songs from the Samara Region", 1862) and several others.
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region. Several songs here are taken from the "Songs Collected by P.N.Rybnikov, Vol. I-IV, 1861-1867". Chapter 2 of "Krestyanka" (The Songs) is based upon the books of collected folklore by
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had to cut those fragments, I did that against my own convictions." Apparently, Grigoryev was not impressed by Nekrasov's argument, for the final part of the poem remained banned.
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Witnessing nothing but suffering and injustice all around, they are surprised to find that even those supposed to be the masters of the land find life here totally unsatisfactory.
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Seven peasants embark upon a journey across the Russian land united by an idea of finding just one happy person. They made several guesses as to who can live happily in Russia:
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The peasants decide not to return home until they find the right answer. In the prologue, they also find a self-assembled tablecloth that will feed them, and hit the road.
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Commentaries to Who Is Happy In Russia? (Кому на Руси жить хорошо?). The Works by N.A.Nekrasov in 8 vol. Khudozhestvennaya Literatura, Moscow. 1967. Vol. III. Pp. 439-462.
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Lebedev, Yu,V. (1990). "Nekrasov, Nikolai Alekseyevich". Russian Writers. Biobibliographical Dictionary. Vol. 2. Ed. P.A.Nikolayev. Moscow. Prosveshchenye Publishers.
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was published in March 1861. The rough version of the Prologue as well as Part 1 have been ready by 1863; the latter's first chapter were published in
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s January 1869 issue. The whole of the Part 1 appeared in the 1873 (5th) edition of the Works by N.Nekrasov. Chapter 2, "The Last One" (Последыш,
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hated husband rises...") are used here in their authentic forms, documenting Russian peasants's ways of life.
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N.Shchedrin (M.E.Saltykov). The Works of... Vol. XIX. A letter to N.K.Mikhaylovsky. 1939, Pp 190-191
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Literary Hetritage (Литературное наследство). Vols. 49/50. Moscow, 1946, pp 174-175
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s November 1876 issue, was banned altogether. A.Petrov, the head of the
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Chukovsky, K.I. Nekrasov the Master. Ed. IV. Moscow, 1962. Pp 424 - 670
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released his acclaimed "Northern Krai Lamentations", reviewed in
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