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553:'s client–server architecture and a certain amount of its functionality. The WAIS protocol is influenced largely by the z39.50 protocol designed for networking library catalogs. It allows a text-based search, and retrieval following a search. Gopher provides a free text search mechanism, but principally uses menus. A menu is a list of titles, from which the user may pick one. While
366:
plus some common words describing its indexed content. The record is uploaded to the central server and indexed along with the records from other public servers. The directory can be searched to find servers that might have content relevant to a specific field of interest. This model of searching for
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The Web's data model is similar to the gopher model, except that menus are generalized to hypertext documents. In both cases, simple file servers generate the menus or hypertext directly from the file structure of a server. The Web's hypertext model permits the author more freedom to communicate the
361:
Thinking
Machines Corp provided a service called the Directory of Servers. It was a WAIS server like any other information source except containing information about the other WAIS servers on the Internet. A WAIS server with TMC WAIS code creates a special record containing
225:(CNIDR) to promote Internet search and discovery systems, open source and standards. CNIDR created a new, free open-source WAIS. This was the first freeWAIS based on the wais-8-b5 codebase of TMC, with a wholly new software suite
222:
505:
in May 1995 for $ 15 million. Following the sale, Margaret St. Pierre left WAIS Inc to start Blue Angel
Technologies. Her WAIS variant formed the basis of MetaStar. Georgios Papadopoulos left to found
217:
With the advent of Z39.50:1992, the termination of support for free WAIS by
Thinking Machines and the establishment of WAIS Inc as a commercial venture, the U.S.
419:
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projects, Z39.50 version 2 (Z39.50:1992) was released. Unlike its 1988 predecessor, it was a compatible superset of the international ISO 10162/10163 standard.
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466:. WAIS Inc. was originally a joint project between Apple Computer, Peat Marwick, Dow Jones, and Thinking Machines. In 1992, the presidential campaign of
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Kahle, Brewster; Morris, Harry; Goldman, Jonathan; Erickson, Thomas; Curran, John (1993). "Interfaces for distributed systems of information servers".
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and started FS-Consult and developed his own variant of WAIS which eventually became
ScienceServer, which was later sold to
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used the WAIS product as a campaign wide information system, connecting the field offices to the national office. Later,
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A powerful wide-area information client | Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Computer
Society International Conference
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M. St. Pierre, J. Fullton, K. Gamiel, J. Goldman, B. Kahle, J. Kunze, H. Morris, F. Schiettecatte, June 1994
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adopted WAIS to better access the information in its corporate databases. Other early clients were the
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The Z39.50 Information
Retrieval Standard Part I: A Strategic View of Its Past, Present and Future
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WAIS has kept growing since its start in 1990, and presently, there are over 500 WAIS sources, ...
275:. GILS (based upon Z39.50:1992 with some extensions) became a U.S. Federal mandate as part of the
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options available to the reader, as it can include headings and various forms of list structure.
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and Harry Morris, left
Thinking Machines to found WAIS Inc in Menlo Park, California, with
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is a web containing many loops, the menu system gives the user the impression of a tree.
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system which only searches the menu titles of Gopher sites. WAIS and Gopher share the
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677:"Award Abstract #9216963: Clearinghouse for Network Information Discovery Retrieval"
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77:(adopting instead TCP/IP) but created a unique protocol inspired by Z39.50:1988.
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Ulrich
Pfeifer and Norbert Gövert of the computer science department of the
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807:"EFF's (Extended) Guide to the Internet - Wide-Area Information Servers"
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10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199309)44:8<453::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-E
50:
Specifications for
Library Applications" (Z39.50:1988) to search index
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ields as its main improvement. Ulrich
Pfeifer rewrote freeWAIS-sf in
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159:. TMC-produced WAIS servers ran on their massively parallel CM-2 (
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Inspired by the WAIS project on full-text databases and emerging
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Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval
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on remote computers. It was developed in 1990 as a project of
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Journal of the American Society for Information Science
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extended the CNIDR freeWAIS code to become freeWAIS-
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Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) launch lecture
73:WAIS did not adhere to either the standard nor its
199:, and character terminals. TMC released a free
151:The WAIS protocol and servers were promoted by
367:(WAIS) servers to search became the model for
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1285:
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46:Information Retrieval Service Definition and
8:
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426:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
329:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
119:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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263:Inspired by WAIS' "Directory of Servers",
171:. WAIS clients were developed for various
1626:Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes
868:for document search and retrieval on the
679:. National Science Foundation. 1992-11-13
537:Public WAIS is often used as a full-text
521:. Kahle and Gilliat went on to found the
446:Learn how and when to remove this message
349:Learn how and when to remove this message
139:Learn how and when to remove this message
724:Berners-Lee, Tim. "The World-Wide Web".
570:
631:
621:
273:Government Information Locator Service
7:
1406:Cross-language information retrieval
424:adding citations to reliable sources
327:adding citations to reliable sources
117:adding citations to reliable sources
38:text searching system that uses the
744:. S. Chand Publisher. p. 198.
545:servers, supplementing the popular
25:
741:Computer Applications In Business
396:
299:
89:
1553:Representational State Transfer
476:Environmental Protection Agency
458:Two of the developers of WAIS,
277:Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
1385:Natural language search engine
775:RFC1625: WAIS over Z39.50-1988
509:. François Schiettecatte left
1:
1841:Unix network-related software
1236:SDF Public Access Unix System
781:RFC 4156: The wais URI Scheme
229:based upon Z39.50:1992 using
153:Thinking Machines Corporation
1558:Wide area information server
1431:Search oriented architecture
1184:Wide area information server
583:. 5 March 1995. p. 13.
28:Wide Area Information Server
18:Wide Area Information Server
1538:Search/Retrieve Web Service
1335:Collaborative search engine
800:Usage of WHOIS through the
219:National Science Foundation
1872:
1505:Website mirroring software
1421:Search engine optimization
589:10.1109/CMPCON.1995.512357
1814:
1490:Robots exclusion standard
1082:Mozilla Application Suite
1040:Internet Explorer for Mac
862:
1515:Web query classification
1495:Distributed web crawling
157:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1851:Internet search engines
1543:Search/Retrieve via URL
1416:Search engine marketing
783:P. Hoffman, August 2005
495:Encyclopædia Britannica
1436:Selection-based search
515:Johns Hopkins Hospital
242:University of Dortmund
1340:Cross-language search
738:Parameswaran (2008).
501:WAIS Inc was sold to
797:Magazine, April 1997
726:The New Media Reader
511:Human Genome Project
484:Department of Energy
420:improve this section
371:and Peter Deutsch's
323:improve this section
291:Directory of Servers
203:version of WAIS for
201:open source software
113:improve this section
1426:Evaluation measures
1370:Video search engine
980:Beonex Communicator
698:"AOL Buys Everyone"
489:Wall Street Journal
480:Library of Congress
1846:Internet protocols
1836:Internet Standards
1441:Document retrieval
771:(Xerox PARC, 1991)
161:Connection Machine
1856:Gopher (protocol)
1823:
1822:
1786:irc / irc6 / ircs
1592:
1591:
1466:Search aggregator
1375:Enterprise search
1330:Multimedia search
1325:Metasearch engine
1315:Web search engine
1267:
1266:
1125:
1124:
1057:Line Mode Browser
1035:Internet Explorer
791:Clifford A. Lynch
456:
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359:
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271:envisioned GILS:
260:, becoming WAIT.
233:as its full-text
181:Microsoft Windows
177:windowing systems
173:operating systems
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56:Thinking Machines
16:(Redirected from
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1461:Federated search
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1259:Mark P. McCahill
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811:www2.cs.duke.edu
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728:. The MIT Press.
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1480:Focused crawler
1411:Search by sound
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1380:Semantic search
1350:Vertical search
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1301:Internet search
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543:Internet Gopher
541:for individual
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265:Eliot Christian
167:-based CM-5 MP
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70:Peat Marwick.
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763:External links
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657:(8): 453–467.
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632:|website=
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551:World Wide Web
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527:Alexa Internet
486:and later the
460:Brewster Kahle
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169:supercomputers
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60:Apple Computer
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975:AT&T Pogo
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917:Support ended
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