85:
377:, in the body, though much of that amount is spread throughout the muscular system and may not be available for any specific type of exercise. Intense cycling or running can easily consume 600–800 or more kcal per hour. Unless glycogen stores are replenished during exercise, glycogen stores in such an individual will be depleted after less than 2 hours of continuous cycling or 15 miles (24 km) of running. Training and
43:
327:, marathoners in particular use "frapper le mur (du marathon)", literally hitting the (marathon) wall, just like in English. One may also hear "avoir un coup de barre" (getting smacked by a bar), which means experiencing sudden, incredible fatigue. This expression is used in a wider set of contexts.
155:
During a marathon, for instance, runners typically hit the wall around kilometer 30 (mile 20). The condition can usually be avoided by ensuring that glycogen levels are high when the exercise begins, maintaining glucose levels during exercise by eating or drinking carbohydrate-rich substances, or by
208:
Without muscle glycogen, it is important to get into second wind without going too fast, too soon nor trying to push through the pain. Going too fast, too soon encourages protein metabolism over fat metabolism, and the muscle pain in this circumstance is a result of muscle damage due to a severely
163:
for the first few minutes as it transitions from rest to activity, as well as throughout high-intensity aerobic activity and all anaerobic activity. The lack of glycogen causes a low ATP reservoir within the exercising muscle cells. Until
232:. Amino acids are vital to the purine nucleotide cycle as they are precursors for purines, nucleotides, and nucleosides; as well as branch-chained amino acids are converted into glutamate and aspartate for use in the cycle (
200:
response to exercise (tachycardia & dyspnea/tachypnea). The heart tries to compensate for the energy shortage by increasing heart rate to maximize delivery of oxygen and blood borne fuels to the muscle cells for
834:
Jensen, Rasmus; Ørtenblad, Niels; Stausholm, Marie-Louise
Holleufer; Skjærbæk, Mette Carina; Larsen, Daniel Nykvist; Hansen, Mette; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Plomgaard, Peter; Nielsen, Joachim (2020-10-01).
427:
is used to ensure that the initial glycogen levels are maximized, thus prolonging the exercise. This technique amounts to increasing complex carbohydrate intake during the last few days before the event.
320:" ("the man with the hammer"); the phenomenon is thus likened to a man with the hammer coming after the athlete, catching up, and eventually hitting the athlete, causing a sudden drop in performance.
389:
In one study of five male subjects, "reduction in preexercise muscle glycogen from 59.1 to 17.1 μmol × g (n = 3) was associated with a 14% reduction in maximum power output but no change in maximum O
144:
by either resting for approximately 10 minutes or by slowing down considerably and increasing speed slowly over a period of 10 minutes. Ten minutes is approximately the time that it takes for
262:
impairs either the formation or utilization of muscle glycogen. As such, those with muscle glycogenoses do not need to do prolonged exercise to experience hitting the wall. Instead, signs of
567:
Lucia, Alejandro; Martinuzzi, Andrea; Nogales-Gadea, Gisela; Quinlivan, Ros; Reason, Stacey; International
Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease study group (December 2021).
301:) runners, who usually refer to it as "hitting the wall". The British may refer to it as "hunger knock," while "hunger bonk" was used by South African cyclists in the 1960s.
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297:
The term is used colloquially as a noun ("hitting the bonk") and as a verb ("to bonk halfway through the race"). The condition is also known to long-distance (
259:
430:
Consuming food or drinks containing carbohydrates during the exercise. This is an absolute must for very long distances; it is estimated that
60:
52:
1301:
569:"Clinical practice guidelines for glycogen storage disease V & VII (McArdle disease and Tarui disease) from an international study group"
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408:) was similar, and the respiratory exchange ratio was lower during glycogen depletion compared with control." Five is an extremely small
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957:
362:
How much energy comes from either source depends on the intensity of the exercise. During intense exercise that approaches one's
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or "AeT") will lower the fraction of the energy that comes from glycogen as well as the amount of energy burned per unit of time.
462:
282:
is presumably derived from the original meaning "to hit", and dates back at least half a century. Its earliest citation in the
1111:
Exaggerated cardiorespiratory response to exercise (tachycardia with tachypnea and/or hyperpnea (exercise hyperventilation))
1002:
381:
can raise these reserves as high as 880 g (3600 kcal), correspondingly raising the potential for uninterrupted exercise.
721:
Mineo, I.; Kono, N.; Hara, N.; Shimizu, T.; Yamada, Y.; Kawachi, M.; Kiyokawa, H.; Wang, Y. L.; Tarui, S. (1987-07-09).
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Athletes engaged in exercise over a long period of time produce energy via two mechanisms, both facilitated by oxygen:
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266:, such as an inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise, are experienced from the beginning of activity.
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A typical untrained individual on an average diet is able to store about 380 grams of glycogen, or 1500
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837:"Heterogeneity in subcellular muscle glycogen utilisation during exercise impacts endurance capacity in men"
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723:"Myogenic hyperuricemia. A common pathophysiologic feature of glycogenosis types III, V, and VII"
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136:. Milder instances can be remedied by brief rest and the ingestion of food or drinks containing
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172:), the symptoms of a low ATP reservoir in exercising muscle due to depleted glycogen include:
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competitors receive up to 50% of their daily caloric intake from on-the-bike supplements.
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664:"Interaction among Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Energy Systems during Intense Exercise"
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797:"Vermont Sports Magazine | Your Guide to the Outdoors in Northern New England"
217:
137:
88:
Statue of the "Tired Man" (Megfáradt ember in
Hungarian), referring to the poem of
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247:. Excessive use of the myokinase reaction and purine nucleotide cycle leads to
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488:"Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism - Berne and Levy Physiology, 6th ed"
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Lowering the intensity of the exercise to the so-called 'fat max' level (
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125:
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894:"Effect of glycogen depletion on the ventilatory response to exercise"
768:
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intake, heart rate, and ventilation (VE) were significantly higher, CO
1171:
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853:
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662:
Baker, Julien S.; McCormick, Marie Clare; Robergs, Robert A. (2010).
412:, so this study may not be representative of the general population.
133:
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83:
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Inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise (tachycardia)
979:
30:"Hit the wall" redirects here. For the song by Lamb of God, see
939:
304:
It can also be referred to as "blowing up" or a "weak attack".
36:
420:
There are several approaches to prevent glycogen depletion:
892:
Heigenhauser, G. J.; Sutton, J. R.; Jones, N. L. (1983).
184:), inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise (
124:
and loss of energy which is caused by the depletion of
64:
516:"Neuromuscular Notes: Diagnosing Metabolic Myopathies"
168:
is achieved (increased ATP production primarily from
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978:
511:
904:(2). American Physiological Society: 470–474.
951:
645:101 Tips For A Good Life With McArdle Disease
140:. Otherwise, it can be remedied by attaining
8:
829:
827:
958:
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936:
370:, most of the energy comes from glycogen.
852:
697:
679:
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159:Skeletal muscle relies predominantly on
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260:inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism
239:). Severe breakdown of muscle leads to
543:
542:
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27:Sudden fatigue during endurance sports
1302:Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
818:"The Science of Carbohydrate Loading"
224:to maintain the amino acid pool, the
7:
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614:
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65:move details into the article's body
1101:Dynamic symptoms (exercise-induced)
727:The New England Journal of Medicine
668:Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
393:intake; at any given power output O
212:Protein metabolism occurs through
25:
236:Aspartate and glutamate synthesis
152:in response to increased demand.
316:, hitting the wall is known as "
228:(adenylate kinase) reaction and
216:which converts amino acids into
41:
795:Kristin Fletcher (2013-11-12).
270:Etymology, usage, and synonyms
1:
898:Journal of Applied Physiology
156:reducing exercise intensity.
92:. The statue is the work of
910:10.1152/jappl.1983.54.2.470
739:10.1056/NEJM198707093170203
622:Living With McArdle Disease
1388:
29:
1333:Pseudoathletic appearance
1167:Intermittent claudication
841:The Journal of Physiology
776:. Oxford University Press
773:Oxford English Dictionary
586:10.1016/j.nmd.2021.10.006
288:is a 1952 article in the
285:Oxford English Dictionary
203:oxidative phosphorylation
120:is a condition of sudden
642:Wakelin, Andrew (2013).
619:Wakelin, Andrew (2017).
148:to sufficiently produce
1267:Rippling muscle disease
573:Neuromuscular Disorders
463:McArdle Disease (GSD-V)
318:der Mann mit dem Hammer
230:purine nucleotide cycle
1245:Muscle channelopathies
1096:Myogenic hyperuricemia
249:myogenic hyperuricemia
214:amino acid degradation
192:) or rapid breathing (
97:
1142:Hyperthyroid myopathy
459:(exercise phenomenon)
110:long-distance running
87:
1309:Compartment syndrome
1137:Hypothyroid myopathy
1127:Metabolic myopathies
1091:Exercise intolerance
1039:Hypothyroid myopathy
452:Exercise intolerance
425:Carbohydrate loading
379:carbohydrate loading
264:exercise intolerance
222:breakdown of protein
1321:Diastasis of muscle
1297:Myositis ossificans
681:10.1155/2010/905612
520:Practical Neurology
352:glucose-1-phosphate
209:low ATP reservoir.
188:), breathlessness (
32:Hit the Wall (song)
1367:Sports terminology
1341:Muscle hypertrophy
1337:Muscle hyperplasia
1272:Periodic paralysis
1223:Muscle contracture
1147:Hypoparathyroidism
468:Metabolic myopathy
308:In other languages
258:(muscle GSDs), an
98:
1354:
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1345:Pseudohypertrophy
1196:Abnormal movement
1079:Low ATP reservoir
847:(19): 4271–4292.
820:. 5 January 2024.
579:(12): 1296–1310.
541:External link in
439:aerobic threshold
346:via breakdown of
198:cardiorespiratory
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61:length guidelines
16:(Redirected from
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1116:Hitting the wall
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59:Please read the
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241:rhabdomyolysis
174:muscle fatigue
161:glycogenolysis
128:stores in the
94:József Somogyi
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1213:Muscle spasm
1203:Muscle cramp
1115:
1015:Inflammation
993:Fibromyalgia
970:relating to
901:
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801:. Retrieved
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778:. Retrieved
771:
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733:(2): 75–80.
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523:. Retrieved
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495:. Retrieved
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256:glycogenoses
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211:
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158:
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106:road cycling
99:
70:
53:lead section
51:
1152:Hypokalemia
1121:Second wind
1049:Destruction
1028:Pyomyositis
780:6 September
544:|last=
457:Second wind
410:sample size
186:tachycardia
166:second wind
142:second wind
1361:Categories
1281:Hypertonia
1262:Spasticity
1186:Alcoholism
1181:Starvation
1070:Amyotrophy
968:conditions
803:2014-04-13
769:"bonk, n."
674:: 905612.
651:. AGSD-UK.
525:2023-08-19
497:2023-04-23
474:References
356:glycolysis
331:Mechanisms
291:Daily Mail
254:In muscle
73:April 2024
18:Wikibonked
1277:Hypotonia
918:1522-1601
879:220653138
863:1469-7793
747:0028-4793
690:2090-0732
628:. IamGSD.
595:1873-2364
416:Avoidance
401:output (V
274:The term
226:myokinase
194:tachypnea
176:, muscle
102:endurance
63:and help
1314:Anterior
1240:Myotonia
1233:Adhesion
1228:Fibrosis
1208:Myokymia
1132:Diabetes
1035:Myoedema
1023:Myositis
871:32686845
708:21188163
603:34848128
534:cite web
446:See also
348:glycogen
299:marathon
218:pyruvate
178:cramping
126:glycogen
1177:Fasting
988:Myalgia
926:6833044
755:3473284
699:3005844
385:Effects
280:fatigue
190:dyspnea
182:myalgia
134:muscles
122:fatigue
116:or the
1172:Scurvy
972:muscle
924:
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745:
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325:French
314:German
220:, the
1290:Other
998:Acute
875:S2CID
649:(PDF)
626:(PDF)
350:into
130:liver
980:Pain
922:PMID
914:ISSN
867:PMID
859:ISSN
782:2016
751:PMID
743:ISSN
704:PMID
686:ISSN
672:2010
599:PMID
591:ISSN
549:help
375:kcal
339:via
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