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57:
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be used. It is
Knowledge (XXG)'s policy to link those images for attribution, and linked images must have a non-blank alt attribute to prevent empty links, which result in confusing announcements in screen readers. When a blank alt attribute is desired, consider replacing CC BY-SA images with public
745:
With maps, diagrams and charts, the colour, position, and size of elements are not important. Instead, concentrate on the information being presented. For example, a chart may have alternative text "Sales in June exceeded those in July, and August's were higher still", and a diagrammatic animation
556:
Alternative text should be short, such as "A basketball player" or "Tony Blair shakes hands with George W. Bush". If it needs to be longer, the important details should appear in the first few words, allowing the user of a screen reader to skip forward once the key points are understood. Very long
1639:
WebAim writes: "he alt attribute (sometimes called the alt tag, though technically this is incorrect) is not the only mechanism for providing the content and function of the image. This information can also be provided in text adjacent to the image or within the page containing the image. ... The
717:
Images are typically thumbnails with captions. The caption is visible to all readers, and can contain HTML markup, wikilinks and inline citations. An infobox often contains a plain image with the caption as a separate row. A good caption should succinctly identify the subject of the image and
736:
When the image type is specified in such a way that a caption is not visible without hovering over the image, which occurs in such places as the Main Page, the caption text is automatically used as the alt text, which almost always suffices (see the extended image syntax link above).
803:. A decorative image may provide visual structure or aesthetic flourish, but can cause confusion outside that visual context. A non-blank alt attribute on a decorative image results in audible clutter for screen reader users, and irrelevant text inserted into search engine results.
806:
Similar problems exist for an image that strictly repeats the information found in nearby text or in a caption. The nearby text is sufficient as the image's alternative text. A non-blank alt attribute results in repetitive text for screen readers and search engines.
369:) is text associated with an image that serves the same purpose and conveys the same essential information as the image. In situations where the image is not available to the reader, perhaps because they have turned off images in their web browser or are using a
1070:
Most images in
Knowledge (XXG) articles do not serve an active function; they are not buttons or menu options. Where the image serves as a link to another article, name the article in the alternative text. Where following the link performs an operation (such as
240:
1341:
The purpose of the image, an icon, is to provide a link to the
Commons search page. The appearance of the icon is not important, but its function is. By writing the alternative text in the "caption" field of the image markup, it is both the
474:
An image that is purely decorative (provides no information and serves only an aesthetic purpose) requires no alternative text. Often the caption fully meets the requirements for alternative text. However, the only situation where blank
1776:
1182:
The purpose of the image is to show what
Denmark's Dannebrog flag looks like. The photograph could be replaced by a flat graphic and serve the same purpose. Therefore, the flagpole, the fluttering and the sky are not important.
466:
text is available. This is usually not helpful. In the above
Napoleon example, the screen reader would have read out "link graphic slash Jacques hyphen Louis underscore David underscore zero one seven" had we not supplied the
230:
217:
1047:
attribute is empty or missing. Nearly all images in
Knowledge (XXG) articles are links to the image description page, which contains a larger size version of the image, as well as licensing and attribution information.
1051:
Knowledge (XXG) articles sometimes contain images that do not link to an image page, for example an
Information icon. Such images should be configured so they are ignored by screen readers. This is achieved by adding
349:
1640:
term alternative text, as used in this article, refers to the text equivalent for an image, regardless of where that text resides. It does not refer solely to the alt attribute of the image tag. See WebAIM.
223:
278:
199:
154:
164:
1393:
text "About this image". All these are repeated as link title text, which provides a tooltip in some browsers, with the exception of the base image, which has link title "1896 Democrats
Website".
863:
found in the text should have alt attributes that describe their function, not their appearance. For example, an arrow icon used to navigate to the following page should have an alt attribute of
1447:
The image provides visual structure but no essential information. Since the image is in the public domain, no attribution is required and the link can be dropped, allowing us to specify a blank
268:
342:
431:
parameter text ("Painting of
Napoleon Bonaparte") is not normally visible to readers; however, it may be displayed by web browsers when images are switched off, or read out loud by
335:
283:
1771:
316:
676:
If an image contains words important to the reader's understanding, the alternative text should contain those words. If it contains non-Latin characters, consider providing a
288:
377:, the alternative text ensures that no information or functionality is lost. Absent or unhelpful alternative text can be a source of frustration for visually impaired users.
823:. The combination of no link and a blank alt attribute causes screen readers to skip the image, and causes search engines to skip the image in search result text snippets.
664:
400:
235:
273:
250:
1075:), indicate the operation. Do not say "click here" or "link to" as the reader will already know the image is a link and may not be clicking a mouse button on it.
435:
for those with visual impairment, and can be used by search engines to determine the content of the image. In keeping with other
Internet guidelines, the term "
1018:
parameter to translate it to English. More complex formulae are hard to specify and the original markup may be the best option, which is the default if no
721:
Where the caption is sufficiently descriptive or evocative of the image, or where it makes clear what the function of the image is, one option is to write
462:
parameter be absent. This is because a screen reader, in order to describe the purpose of the link, will default to reading out the image filename when no
159:
1267:
Tony Blair and George W. Bush shaking hands at a press conference. Blair and Bush agree on a strategy for peace in the Middle East on 12 November 2004.
585:
185:
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69:
21:
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text is acceptable is where such images are unlinked, which is rarely possible. One solution is to provide something at least minimally useful such as
1635:
G74: Providing a long description in text near the non-text content, with a reference to the location of the long description in the short description
1280:
text shouldn't say they were in the East Room of the White House, because that isn't clear from the photograph. That the men are dressed identically
1766:
194:
1559:
G94: Providing short text alternative for non-text content that serves the same purpose and presents the same information as the non-text content
543:
Experiencing Knowledge (XXG) with a screen reader requires practice. An experienced screen-reader user may choose to skip portions of the text.
145:
1503:
The image strictly repeats the information conveyed by the adjacent word "Warning". Since "Warning" is sufficient alternative text, a blank
381:
625:
78:
1356:
File:Bryan-Sewall.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|center|alt=1896 Democratic campaign poster circle 950 850 700 ] circle 2950 850 700 ] default
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attribute. This is because the screen reader must read SOMETHING to identify the link." The screen reader emulator Fangs confirms this.
1437:
1377:
The base image has alt text "1896 Democratic campaign poster". The left circle has alt text "William J. Bryan". The right circle has
709:
573:
653:
an article on great military leaders where it illustrates an example of such a leader—the alternative text should name the subject;
581:
1233:
This is a stock photograph chosen to decorate a sound bite from the article regarding tap water. The image is a link so it needs
1369:
1043:
tag. When the image is a link, screen readers will read out the link filename (e.g., "slash green underscore tick") if the HTML
875:. If the arrow were accompanied by a descriptive text link with same function, a blank alt attribute would be more appropriate.
38:
311:
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text shouldn't say "Two men shaking hands", because that's not why the picture was chosen; it needs to identify the men. The
65:
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660:
illustrating what he looked like—the alternative text should briefly describe his appearance if it matters to the article;
964:
589:
17:
1010:
is used to generate math formulae. These may be rendered as an image or using text, depending on their complexity and
527:
37:"WP:ALT" redirects here. For other sites that may be more useful if an article is unsuitable for Knowledge (XXG), see
596:
text is intended to be read out by screen readers just before the caption, so avoid having the same details in both.
979:
1370:
577:
572:
text must be plain text (no HTML or wiki markup such as wikilinks) without line breaks. The text must comply with
42:
1004:
621:
451:; the term "alternative text" refers to the text equivalent for an image, regardless of where that text resides.
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77:
This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of
523:
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If I could not use the non-text content, what words would I use to convey the same function or information?
306:
27:
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For images that link to their image description page (which is nearly all images on Knowledge (XXG)), the
565:. All readers will be aware this element is an image, so adding "photograph of" isn't usually necessary.
82:
1614:
1252:
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92:
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For public domain, CC0, or similarly licensed images, unlink the image and use a blank alt attribute:
519:
1670:
attribute. This is because the screen reader must read SOMETHING to identify the link." See WebAIM,
1573:
1451:
attribute, so the filename is not spoken by a screen reader. The combination of no link and a blank
1710:
405:
321:
136:
Alternative text allows the content and function of an image to be understood by text-only readers.
1655:
F89: Failure (...) due to using null alt on an image where the image is the only content in a link
1323:
1229:
755:
747:
646:
562:
533:
1685:
1698:
1221:
Clear water pours from a spout. Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of
1750:
1713:, Centre for Human Computer Interaction Design, City University London, accessed June 8, 2010.
1666:
WebAIM says: "An image that is the only thing inside a link must never have a missing or null
751:
380:
On Knowledge (XXG), alternative text is typically supplied through a combination of the image
374:
1526:
WebAIM says "An image that is the only thing inside a link must never have a missing or null
1581:
942:
897:
763:
759:
696:
491:. Another solution, if a caption doesn't already describe or identify the image, is for the
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text. Because the caption does not identify the image, a brief description is appropriate.
1723:
1147:
677:
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text, which in this case is identifying the picture. Each subsequent line specifies the
395:
1711:
Describing images on the Web: a survey of current practice and prospects for the future
1207:
592:, it must not convey any contentious point, or material not obvious to any reader. The
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A red flag divided into four by a white cross slightly offset to the left. The oldest
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890:
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Readers with visual impairment of varying degrees who browse Knowledge (XXG) using a
448:
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370:
1270:
The image shows them greeting each other with a handshake during a press conference.
1256:
Blair and Bush agree on a strategy for peace in the Middle East on 12 November 2004.
613:
536:), or that are configured not to display them (e.g. due to limited data allowance);
604:
1671:
1059:
to the image wiki markup. Removing the link is acceptable only for images in the
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46:
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text and the link title. The link title appears as a tooltip in some browsers.
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establish the image's relevance to the article, without detailing the obvious.
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text. If a template lacks such a parameter, consider asking that it be added.
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1574:
What frustrates screen reader users on the web: a study of 100 blind users
1067:. Links should not be suppressed for any image that requires attribution.
993:, which is read out by screen readers to give an overview of the contents.
1618:
727:. Where nearby text in the article performs the same function, it can be
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685:
681:
515:
43:
Knowledge (XXG):Sock puppetry § Legitimate uses of alternative accounts
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Knowledge (XXG) essays and information pages about the Manual of Style
1322:
1133:
45:. For the guideline on mentioning an article's alternative names, see
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may have alternative text "Animation of a car engine in motion". The
1724:
H24: Providing text alternatives for the area elements of image maps
1739:
Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images
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domain equivalents. Otherwise, use a brief alt attribute (such as
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603:
394:
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attribute instructs screen readers to skip the image completely.
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text for a region link, which should be the purpose of the link.
1284:
conveyed by the photograph, but it isn't relevant to the article.
1035:" will cause the MediaWiki software to render HTML with an empty
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For details of the wiki markup that produces these elements, see
1178:
1444:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
1206:
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of
443:
font) is used here to refer to the text supplied for the image
1064:
122:
51:
1686:
Understanding Success Criterion 1.1.1; Understanding WCAG 2.0
684:
support have widely varying support for characters outside
667:—the alternative text should briefly describe the painting.
710:
Knowledge (XXG):Extended image syntax#Alt text and caption
532:
Readers using browsers that do not support images (e.g.,
826:
For CC BY-SA, GFDL, or similarly licensed images, blank
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783:
107:
100:
628:(WCAG) 2.0 recommend editors consider four questions:
557:
descriptions can be left for the body of the article.
799:
An image that provides no essential information is a
392:. The following example produces the adjacent image:
1709:
Petrie, Helen; Harrison, Chandra; and Dev, Sundeep.
1657:, Techniques for WCAG 2.0, accessed November 5, 2014
620:
Understanding the context of an image is vital. The
616:
should not be "an elderly woman wearing a black hat"
401:The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries
700:Comparison of three different types of toothbrush
608:Unless it appears in an article on fashion, the
1772:Knowledge (XXG) Manual of Style (accessibility)
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810:In both cases, a blank alt attribute is ideal.
1747:, from the Australian Government Style Manual
958:also support it. For an example of using the
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8:
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1572:Lazar J, Allen A, Kleinman J, Malarkey C.
447:parameter and which generates text for the
28:Knowledge (XXG):Alternative text for images
504:The audience for alternative text includes
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336:
141:
913:have their own parameters for specifying
1745:Alt text, captions and titles for images
1613:. Center for Persons with Disabilities,
1605:
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1601:
1599:
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79:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
70:Manual of Style accessibility for images
1753:for checking the alt text on an article
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989:text. When using tables instead, add a
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1396:First line specifies the base image's
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495:text to do so as briefly as possible.
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1166:national flag design still in use is
754:can be unambiguously described using
7:
1293:Unusual examples of alternative text
766:infoboxes include this information.
626:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
514:that translates text into speech or
458:text cannot be blank nor should the
384:and the text supplied for the image
879:Alt text in templates and galleries
39:Knowledge (XXG):Alternative outlets
1767:Knowledge (XXG) supplemental pages
1500:Warning: Don't run with scissors.
1441:Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
1428:Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
635:What information is it presenting?
632:Why is this non-text content here?
83:thoroughly vetted by the community
35:
855:) to minimize the confusing text.
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126:
55:
41:. For alternative accounts, see
1381:text "Arthur Sewall". The blue
1014:. For simple formulae, use the
18:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style
859:Icons that convey information
1:
1741:– in the HTML 5 specification
1674:, accessed 30 September 2020.
1644:, accessed 30 September 2020.
586:Biographies of living persons
547:How to write alternative text
1433:Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
1411:Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
1085:Examples of alternative text
665:article on a painting of him
638:What purpose does it fulfil?
985:generates an image with no
938:text since MediaWiki 1.18.
730:|alt=refer to adjacent text
195:Alternative text for images
1793:
1507:attribute is appropriate.
773:
680:. Screen readers without
588:. Since it cannot contain
224:Most widely used templates
90:
36:
1586:10.1080/10447310709336964
1578:Int J Hum Comput Interact
1497:Don't run with scissors.
1484:Don't run with scissors.
1338:Search Wikimedia Commons
1307:
1304:
1301:
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1099:
1096:
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872:|alt=arrow pointing right
672:Images that contain words
645:For example, an image of
622:World Wide Web Consortium
146:WikiProject Accessibility
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1409:
1351:
1327:Search Wikimedia Commons
1313:
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1188:
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962:to create a gallery see
692:Captions and nearby text
561:does not support HTML's
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279:Resources and references
134:This page in a nutshell:
1642:Alternative Text Basics
1170:Denmark's 13th-century
1141:design still in use is
1110:design still in use is
801:purely decorative image
612:text for this image of
165:FAQ and common pitfalls
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1328:
1257:
1211:
1152:
1022:parameter is supplied.
703:
617:
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408:
155:What is accessibility?
1726:, WCAG 2.0 technique.
1672:Context is Everything
1637:, WCAG 2.0 technique.
1615:Utah State University
1580:. 2007;22(3):247–69.
1372:
1326:
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1027:Links and attribution
724:|alt=refer to caption
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607:
600:Importance of context
574:Neutral point of view
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398:
269:Manual of Style draft
251:Infobox accessibility
1688:; 11 December 2008 .
1561:; 11 December 2008 .
582:No original research
200:Data tables tutorial
160:Main discussion page
1699:Wikimedia bug 18682
1295:
1087:
658:article on Napoleon
539:Search-engine bots.
406:Jacques-Louis David
218:Template priorities
212:Template guidelines
81:as it has not been
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1358:</imagemap: -->
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1230:Water fluoridation
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1063:or the equivalent
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756:IUPAC nomenclature
748:structural formula
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647:Napoleon Bonaparte
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563:longdesc attribute
449:HTML alt attribute
409:
312:Keyboard shortcuts
301:For impaired users
175:Article guidelines
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1354:<imagemap: -->
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981:<timeline: -->
770:Decorative images
752:chemical compound
741:Maps and diagrams
649:could be used in
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375:visual impairment
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439:text" (in a
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317:Style sheets
263:Coordination
133:
63:
1611:2020 WebAIM
1174:Dannebrog.
1137:The oldest
471:parameter.
274:Methodology
64:This is an
47:MOS:ALTNAME
1761:Categories
1538:References
1308:Rationale
1100:Rationale
518:, such as
307:Using JAWS
72:guidelines
68:about the
1299:Wikitext
1228:Article:
1177:Article:
1148:Dannebrog
1143:Denmark's
1091:Wikicode
1031:Writing "
975:Timelines
965:Galleries
934:supports
924:Galleries
891:templates
886:Templates
853:|alt=icon
776:Shortcuts
764:chemistry
559:MediaWiki
373:due to a
322:Toggle VF
241:Watchlist
101:WP:MOSALT
93:Shortcuts
1495:Warning:
1474:Warning:
1079:Examples
893:such as
758:and the
499:Audience
367:alt text
236:200–1000
20: |
1336:graphic
1265:graphic
1219:graphic
1160:graphic
943:Gallery
898:Infobox
784:MOS:PDI
686:Latin-1
682:Unicode
516:Braille
382:caption
231:Top 200
108:MOS:ALT
1479:strong
1469:strong
1426:/: -->
1419:/: -->
1054:|link=
832:|link=
817:|link=
624:(W3C)
584:, and
552:Basics
1722:W3C.
1684:W3C.
1653:W3C.
1557:W3C.
1514:Notes
1482:: -->
1476:</
1472:: -->
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889:Many
851:, or
828:|alt=
820:|alt=
750:of a
487:, or
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1333:link
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1157:link
1073:sort
1003:The
978:The
948:and
927:The
903:and
869:not
830:and
760:drug
568:The
534:Lynx
528:Orca
524:NVDA
520:JAWS
441:code
427:The
365:(or
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594:alt
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526:or
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460:alt
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445:alt
437:alt
429:alt
421:]]]
419:by
404:by
386:alt
1763::
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1423:br
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1282:is
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351:e
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337:v
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229:(
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30:)
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