315:
327:
985:
42:
287:. It does occur that such decisions are arrived upon by conversations among Admins or ArbCom members not open to the public, or are made by individual Admins upon their personal assessment, and the results announced with only broad-brush explanation, and next to no attempt to provide a "legal" basis for the action based upon the
92:
464:
An appeals process exists, but overturn is unlikely except in cases of blatant misrule. One might naïvely expect that among the hundreds of administrators, a disputant might find some Admin that would find their protests worth consideration. However, shopping for any opinion (even neutral opinion) is
114:
There is no attempt here to assess the merits of how editing disputes are handled on WP, nor even whether in fact disputes are handled according to the precepts laid out by the WP documentation. The object is to present the situation as WP describes it, without intruding opinion or a particular point
369:
Although
Knowledge (XXG) does not employ hard-and-fast rules, Knowledge (XXG) policy and guideline pages describe its principles and best-known practices. Policies explain and describe standards that all users should normally follow, while guidelines are meant to outline best practices for following
488:
expressly to prevent any Admin from overturning a prior action by another Admin under the threat of immediate stripping of powers (deSysOpping). Consequently, any Admin protest over another Admin's actions is subject to a potentially tendentious review with a downside that strongly discourages such
411:
As a result, rulings and actions are free be taken that have no bearing upon the original matter brought for adjudication and instead, to the amazement of those making the appeal, result in actions concerning other issues entirely, never envisioned by the litigants. When ArbCom introduces issues of
481:
and is "looked at more negatively" than contact via user talk-pages. Despite such restrictions upon finding support, it was found that indeed Admin support for litigants occasionally did occur, especially in cases of egregious abuse of authority. As a result of several wars between
Administrators,
106:
This article describes the editing environment on
Knowledge (XXG), as described in various documents on Knowledge (XXG), with links to the appropriate articles governing its jurisdiction. Described in particular are the facts about arbitration. This information can be helpful to WP contributors in
653:
in adjudication, as indicated by the following freedoms: ArbCom is free to divert a case to any subject of their choosing. They are empowered to rule preemptively based upon their conjectures about possible future activities. They are free to ignore guidelines and policies in reaching a decision;
278:
on down. These blocking or banning actions tend to be hotly contested, and frequently are sought by contributors that have run into irresolvable conflict over content, or over personalities. It then falls upon individual Admins, or upon a consensus of Admins, or possibly upon ArbCom, to invoke a
306:
Any uninvolved administrator may, on his or her own discretion, impose sanctions on any editor working on a page within the area of conflict (or for whom discretionary sanctions have otherwise been authorized) if, despite being warned, that editor repeatedly or seriously fails to adhere to the
621:, or to direct implementation of the sanction upon the sole judgment of an Administrator, without requirement for consultation or expertise. One may wonder how a matter of content can be determined like this, given the restriction that arbitration enforcement is set up only to address user
388:
Appeals to Admins or to ArbCom do not result necessarily in narrow consideration of direct issues at hand. Rather, the scope of deliberations may be enlarged, or even diverted to interests of Admins and of ArbCom quite apart from community concerns. Knowledge (XXG) describes its concept of
353:
has declined steadily with time, and the number of cases accepted for hearing has dropped to about a dozen per year. The reason for the declines are unclear. One explanation is that both arbitrators and litigants are becoming disenchanted with arbitration cases. In any case, the decline in
416:
that safeguards fact finding and organized discussion. In particular, ArbCom may focus their ruling upon their own ideas of "a person's general manner" and/or the "impressions of them by reasonable people", quite apart from community opinion and not necessarily tied to specific events.
384:
policy relieves rulings from strict requirement that they be based upon guidelines or policies. In other words, administration is not a "rule of law". In addition, no requirements exist to insist upon in-depth explanation of rulings, and requests for clarification can be ignored.
157:
It is encouraged that nontrivial changes in content of articles be discussed on the article Talk page to iron out wrinkles without huge numbers of changes back and forth on the Main page. Some behavioral rules are intended to protect the main page, the most obvious one being the
254:. Tempers rise and contributors lose sight of the goals of WP, instead to engage in duels of self-importance and gang enforcement. Impatience over content may lead to claims of bad conduct by one or the other disputing party. When conduct is seen as the issue, appeals for
564:
to argue too much on the Talk page as well, especially by contributors not inclined to discussion, or finding themselves on the short end. For example, an expert's effort to persuade the unversed editors that their consensus is misplaced might be viewed as an action that
354:
arbitration cases, which use a formal proceeding, means that more reliance is placed upon the large number of bans/blocks exercised by individual administrators without formal arbitration. (In the first six months of 2012, Administrators applied an average of 350 blocks
1439:
A "how-to" manual that besides mechanics of use, includes sections on dispute resolution over both content (Chapter 10: Resolving content disputes) and personal attacks (Chapter 11: Handling incivility and personal attacks). This book is available on WP as the article
1189:"Disruptive editors sometimes several practices when disrupting articles:... Their edits are largely confined to talk-pages, such disruption may not directly harm an article, but it often prevents other editors from reaching consensus on how to improve an article."
511:
an on-line article Talk page possibly will require long discussion. Talk-page participants may become impatient with explanations important to the expert, but seemingly counter-intuitive or not of obvious significance to others, and that may lead to
1686:
438:
In other words, ArbCom is at liberty to rule based not upon "who said exactly what in the past", nor upon what is before them, but preemptively, based upon ArbCom predictions of hypothetical future behavior that could affect the project.
273:
Although almost anyone can edit articles on
Knowledge (XXG), sanctions result in exceptions: certain individuals are blocked partially or completely, temporarily or permanently, through actions of the Knowledge (XXG) administration from
226:, that is, insisting upon the letter of a policy or guideline while violating its spirit or underlying principles. In the heat of debate, policies and guidelines can end up being used pejoratively to describe opposing viewpoints as
1517:– describes how Knowledge (XXG) is the harnessing of the collective intelligence and collaborative efforts of editors who hold opposing points of view, in an attempt to preserve all serious contributions which are reliably sourced.
1574:: "The number of public cases opened each month has been on a steady decline, with small spikes at the beginning of each new term of incoming arbitrators. At the same time, cases are taking longer to reach a final decision..."
1248:
761:
when interpreting and applying policies and guidelines; there will be occasional exceptions to these rules. Conversely, those who violate the spirit of a rule may be reprimanded even if no rule has technically been broken."
610:"economics related"? Is correcting a pre-existing typo a topic-ban violation? Discriminating between real and ersatz assertions of topic-ban violation requires subject-matter evaluation, a skill ArbCom explicitly disavows.
535:
1511:- discusses how editors have a responsibility to uphold the integrity of Knowledge (XXG) and respect intellectual property rights of the sources they draw upon when they create and improve encyclopedia pages.
661:
With neither built-in safeguards nor standards, proper administration of
Knowledge (XXG) depends 100% upon the integrity, good judgment, and responsiveness of its Administrators, particularly those in ArbCom.
221:
Although wise, these admonitions and processes do not always suffice, and content issues become mixed up with conduct issues. Talk pages may use policies as weaponry in battles over changes, exchanges called
403:, not merely the direct issue, may be taken into account. A person's general manner, past actions or incidents, and the impressions of them by reasonable people, may all be used to guide the Arbitrators.
148:, which says: "If a rule prevents you from improving or maintaining Knowledge (XXG), ignore it." That may sound liberating, but it is a freedom most safely exercised by the experienced. There is also a
493:
to ArbCom or to Wales. It may be observed that ArbCom may be ruling upon an appeal of its own ruling, and Wales has little time to dig into disputes: "it is exceedingly unusual for him to intervene".
1414:
A detailed discussion by some believers in the project of how WP works, including the arbitration processes, with many links to WP documentation about itself. Some subsidiary web links are found
118:
This discussion is based entirely upon documentation from the
English language version of Knowledge (XXG). Its applicability to other language versions have not been taken into consideration.
483:
1583:
24:
338:
In principle, this authority extends only to certain subject areas, but in practice it is used more widely, for example, using an
Administrator's personal assessment of having achieved
1690:
520:. Once there, the deciding Admins or ArbCom may view an extended Talk-page exchange not so much as the expert's patient attempt at education, but more as evidence of unduly stubborn
189:
319:
853:
618:
513:
477:(selective invitation of favorable support), considered to be deliberate disruptions of dispute resolution that are frowned upon. Use of e-mail to solicit opinion is called
343:
255:
1505:- discusses how common sense and Knowledge (XXG) policy dictates that editors must practice discretion regarding the proper inclusion of relevant and well-sourced content.
658:
based upon the "rule of law". They can consider or ignore facts selectively, and are free instead to adopt the mere opinions of those whose judgment they happen to value.
1721:
1716:
1532:
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The difference between edit warring as disruptive behavior and as an attempt to straighten out what an article says may depend upon who is considering the issue.
183:
517:
413:
59:
Essays may represent widespread norms or minority viewpoints. Consider these views with discretion, especially since this page is still under construction.
1529:- describes how there is nothing wrong with occasionally doing other things than writing the encyclopedia, and that community spirit is a positive thing.
1220:: resists moderation and/or requests for comment, continuing to edit in pursuit of a certain point despite an opposing consensus from impartial editors."
207:
142:
are intended to "describe its principles and best-known practices", but are not "hard-and-fast rules". In fact, one of the policies of
Knowledge (XXG) is
1711:
1441:
243:
538:". Imagine explaining a need for extended conversation to a panel of judges where content is explicitly set aside, and behavior is the focal issue!
1526:
1514:
1382:
A person's general manner, past actions or incidents, and the impressions of them by reasonable people, may all be used to guide the
Arbitrators.
636:
It most often is wise to avoid the deliberations of
Administrators, and simply abandon article improvement when faced with continued opposition.
588:
a topic ban covers all pages (not only articles) broadly related to the topic, as well as the parts of other pages that are related to the topic
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1520:
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of view. The hope is that, by reading the following, a contributor will be able to handle controversy with a clear idea of what to expect.
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Forward by Jimmy Wales. An enthusiast's attempt at a history of Knowledge (XXG), faulted for some gaffes by reviewers on Amazon.
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functioning not so much to resolve disputes and make peace between conflicting editors, but to weed out problematic editors...
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In foreseeing the future as a basis for preemptive action, Arbitrators play the role of 'precogs' in the science-fiction work
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How is editing on Knowledge (XXG) governed? What happens when content disputes 'boil over' into accusations of bad conduct?
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788:"The rules are principles, not laws, on Knowledge (XXG). Policies and guidelines exist only as rough approximations..."
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Of course, a topic ban involves a judgement by some Admin(s) whether that topic has in fact arisen. Has a discussion of
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Knowledge (XXG) articles can be edited anonymously by anyone, and contributed by anyone with an account (and anyone can
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The rules are principles, not laws, on Knowledge (XXG). Policies and guidelines exist only as rough approximations...
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those standards in specific contexts. Policies and guidelines should always be applied using reason and common sense.
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748:"The data show that Wiki-dispute resolution ignores the content of user disputes, instead focusing on user conduct."
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Besides this source of sanctions, a formal arbitration procedure exists. As shown to the right, the number of
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of sources to support conclusions they do not contain verbatim, or violating a precept of Knowledge (XXG) to
1523:- describes how policies and guidelines exist only as rough approximations of their underlying principles.
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In these circumstances "community" refers to those participants involved in a specific discussion on the
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203:
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1251:. Exact quote: "Like the arbitration process itself, arbitration enforcement is set up only to address
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1371:
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Expert opinion may be, and often is, challenged on WP. Attempts by an expert to educate the unversed
291:. These governing rules are held to be not hard-and-fast, but are to be handled with "common sense".
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Arbitrators are not subject experts and the Arbitration Committee avoids ruling on content disputes.
149:
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This article also contains a listing of many other published reviews of facets of Knowledge (XXG).
139:
49:
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1451:
The Knowledge (XXG) revolution: How a bunch of nobodies created the world's greatest encyclopedia
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purpose of Knowledge (XXG), any expected standards of behavior, or any normal editorial process.
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790:
1562:"Arbitration Committee hearing fewer cases; longer decision times; Arbitration statistics"
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764:
813:"Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration Committee/Discretionary sanctions; Sanctions: Authorization"
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result, requesting that the opposing parties be sanctioned. Once arbitration is invoked,
1641:
1659:
1615:
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all actions and general conduct, not merely the direct issue, may be taken into account
530:, being restricted to adjudicating only behavior; for example, claims that the expert "
837:
1700:
1589:
A statement of Jimmy Wales' and ArbCom's jurisdiction and limitations upon appeals.
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1191:
841:
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526:. This view is readily understood if one realizes that arbitrators are necessarily
326:
948:
Arbitrators or Clerks may summarily remove or refactor discussion without comment.
735:
David A. Hoffman; Salil K Mehra (August 26, 2009). "Wikitruth through Wikiorder".
447:
1650:
1449:
1423:
1398:
1678:
1471:"Chapter 4: Using and improving the 800-pound gorilla of wikis, Knowledge (XXG)"
571:"continuing to edit in pursuit of a certain point despite an opposing consensus"
275:
428:
Arbitrators focus on the risk and benefits for the future, not on past issues.
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It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Knowledge (XXG) contributors.
1303:
Arbitrators focus on the risk and benefits for the future, not on past issues.
1052:
703:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Arbitration Enforcement/Standards and principles
1667:
1027:
758:
580:, which limits an author's ability to contribute in certain subject areas.
176:. Cautions to control the temperature on Talk pages are provided: such as
607:
1090:
Article content is not judged in arbitration cases, only editor behavior
399:- Arbitration is not a legal process with fixed approaches to problems:
16:
For information on the administrative structure of Knowledge (XXG), see
960:
560:
in principle refers to Main-page editing, in practice it is considered
154:
guideline that says "Just do it", but adds "...but please be careful".
1002:
Knowledge (XXG): Rules and laws governing content and editor behavior
361:
The role of policies and guidelines is described by Knowledge (XXG):
866:
678:
318:
Requests by contributors for formal arbitration by year. (Data from
1632:
1535:- discusses how editors on Knowledge (XXG) are mainly volunteers.
325:
202:. The general concepts of Talk page politeness are subsumed under
1150:
concerning the treatment on WP of the 1886 trials related to the
420:
The role of arbitrators is further described by Knowledge (XXG):
1492:
A basic "how-to" manual for readers and first-time contributors.
1415:
194:, and so forth. A behavioral guideline is provided to outline
86:
36:
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Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Requests/Case/TimidGuy ban appeal
1687:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
330:
Average number of blocks/day each month in 2012. Data from
25:
Knowledge (XXG):An uncivil environment is a poor environment
1400:
How Knowledge (XXG) works: and how you can be a part of it
1167:
How Knowledge (XXG) works: and how you can be a part of it
1076:
How Knowledge (XXG) works: and how you can be a part of it
378:
The liberty for Admins to exercise "common sense" and the
168:. Discussion of content is guided in part by the policies
107:
understanding the editing process on WP, and the role for
986:
Knowledge (XXG): Policies and Guidelines: Basic Overview
1614:
Yasseri T, Sumi R, Rung A, Kornai A, Kertész J (2012).
1329:
997:
981:
977:
206:. Content disputes sometimes can be resolved using the
74:
1541:- discusses level of debate, edit wars and harassment.
714:"...arbitration enforcement is set up only to address
514:
Knowledge (XXG):Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents
1135:
A cautionary experience by an expert is detailed in
1595:"Knowledge (XXG) is editorial war zone, says study"
1397:Phoebe Ayers; Charles Matthews; Ben Yates (2008).
1372:"Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration"
1316:"Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration"
1293:"Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration"
1270:"Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration"
1164:Phoebe Ayers; Charles Matthews; Ben Yates (2008).
1073:Phoebe Ayers; Charles Matthews; Ben Yates (2008).
654:their deliberations are articulated explicitly as
1028:"Reinstating a reverted action ("Wheel warring")"
617:objection that a violation has happened leads to
1139:"The 'Undue Weight' of Truth on Knowledge (XXG)"
1110:Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration
1021:WP refers to repeated overturns of decisions as
916:Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Guide to arbitration
567:"prevents other editors from reaching consensus"
518:Knowledge (XXG):Arbitration/Requests/Enforcement
1131:
1129:
30:For Knowledge (XXG)'s formal organization, see
1539:Criticism of Knowledge (XXG)#Editorial process
737:Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper
576:A possible sanction that may be imposed is a
450:, in practice, the Arbitration Committee is:
412:their own, these are entertained outside the
8:
1677:This article incorporates material from the
1100:
1098:
489:actions. That leaves a litigant with only a
252:"present facts, not to teach subject matter"
1722:Knowledge (XXG) essays about administration
1717:Knowledge (XXG) essays explaining processes
1348:"Knowledge (XXG):The rules are principles"
791:"Knowledge (XXG):The rules are principles"
191:Polling is not a substitute for discussion
1658:
1649:
1631:
1616:"Dynamics of conflict in Knowledge (XXG)"
1442:Help: Knowledge (XXG): The Missing Manual
880:"Knowledge (XXG):Policies and guidelines"
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728:
693:
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1545:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Women in Red
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683:Knowledge (XXG) does not have firm rules
613:The usual result of a topic ban is that
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260:arbitration by the Arbitration Committee
164:that blocks contributors that engage in
769:Knowledge (XXG):Policies and guidelines
670:
289:Knowledge (XXG) policies and guidelines
1533:Knowledge (XXG) is a volunteer service
1610:A summary of the article linked next.
1137:Timothy Messer-Kruse (Feb 17, 2012).
405:(Italics in original documentation.)
351:requests for formal arbitration cases
7:
1712:Knowledge (XXG) essays about editing
1587:. Knowledge (XXG). 27 February 2012.
602:strayed into "politics"? Is citing
1683:Knowledge (XXG)#Editing_environment
1425:Knowledge (XXG): the missing manual
1141:. The Chronicle of Higher Education
815:. Knowledge (XXG). 19 February 2012
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32:Knowledge (XXG):Formal organization
1335:Arbitration is not a legal process
1227:Knowledge (XXG):Disruptive editing
1218:Rejects or ignores community input
1196:Knowledge (XXG):Disruptive editing
1112:. Knowledge (XXG). 16 January 2012
982:Knowledge (XXG):Dispute resolution
980:. This statement also is found at
865:A list of blocks is maintained at
14:
912:"Arbitration is not a court case"
174:Five "pillars" of Knowledge (XXG)
1469:Dan Woods; Peter Thoeny (2007).
1053:"Knowledge (XXG):Banning policy"
503:Knowledge (XXG):Expert retention
444:Administrators are not referees.
90:
40:
1685:", which is licensed under the
1326:Arbitration is not a court case
1004:. Knowledge (XXG). 2 March 2012
842:articles on community probation
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540:
452:
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401:all actions and general conduct
396:Arbitration is not a court case
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301:
200:unacceptable Talk page behavior
1527:Knowledge (XXG) is a community
1515:The essence of Knowledge (XXG)
1032:Knowledge (XXG):Administrators
699:"Conduct and content disputes"
491:formal submission of an appeal
446:" According to the WP article
18:Knowledge (XXG):Administration
1:
1223:"Signs of disruptive editing"
1192:"Attempts to evade detection"
677:This policy is linked to the
358:on English Knowledge (XXG).)
266:is no longer the issue, only
256:arbitration by Administrators
170:"What Knowledge (XXG) is not"
1651:10.1371/journal.pone.0038869
1249:Content and conduct disputes
937:"Requests for clarification"
600:LBJ's pulling his dogs' ears
1170:. No starch Press. p. 403.
1079:. No Starch Press. p. 399.
978:Administrators' noticeboard
128:create an anonymous account
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500:
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1572:Knowledge (XXG): Signpost
1106:"Expertise of the ArbCom"
232:POV (point-of-view) forks
1521:The rules are principles
974:What these pages are not
389:arbitration as follows:
196:Talk page good practices
98:This page in a nutshell:
23:Not to be confused with
1593:Devin Coldewey (2012).
1428:. O'Reilly Media, Inc.
1422:John Broughton (2008).
998:"Arbitration committee"
534:, but just persists in
332:English Knowledge (XXG)
320:English Knowledge (XXG)
185:WP is not about winning
138:, and less established
109:guidelines and policies
1707:Knowledge (XXG) essays
1257:disputes about content
720:disputes about content
335:
323:
295:More about arbitration
1253:user conduct problems
972:This is a quote from
867:List of blocked users
838:articles on probation
716:user conduct problems
625:, not disputes about
532:doesn't get the point
340:"community consensus"
329:
317:
1560:(28 February 2011).
1503:Editorial discretion
666:References and notes
536:beating a dead horse
1642:2012PLoSO...738869Y
1448:Andrew Lih (2009).
1403:. No Starch Press.
961:The Minority Report
523:tendentious editing
179:No personal attacks
1689:but not under the
1391:General references
606:on the subject of
562:disruptive editing
485:Enforcement Motion
479:stealth canvassing
336:
324:
244:unreliable sources
52:is in development.
1475:Wikis for dummies
1454:. London: Aurum.
1350:. Knowledge (XXG)
1229:. Knowledge (XXG)
1198:. Knowledge (XXG)
1055:. Knowledge (XXG)
1034:. Knowledge (XXG)
939:. Knowledge (XXG)
918:. Knowledge (XXG)
882:. Knowledge (XXG)
832:For example, see
793:. Knowledge (XXG)
771:. Knowledge (XXG)
705:. Knowledge (XXG)
629:. However, WP is
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482:ArbCom passed an
465:considered to be
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299:According to WP:
236:original research
212:formal resolution
161:three-revert rule
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1601:. msnbc.com TECH
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1509:Editor integrity
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1477:. Wiley. pp. 81
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1679:Citizendium
765:"Adherence"
471:campaigning
208:noticeboard
1701:Categories
1605:2012-07-13
1377:2012-05-31
1354:2011-10-21
1321:2012-05-31
1298:2012-06-07
1275:2012-05-31
1145:2012-02-14
1116:2012-03-14
1059:2013-12-15
1038:2011-10-19
1008:2012-03-03
943:2011-11-01
922:2011-10-17
886:2011-10-16
819:2012-03-05
797:2011-10-21
775:2011-10-25
709:2011-10-25
501:See also:
228:soapboxing
214:including
204:Wikiquette
136:guidelines
75:WP:EDITENV
1681:article "
1633:1202.3643
1599:Technolog
1558:Lord Roem
1332:to read:
578:topic ban
556:Although
270:matters.
248:synthesis
216:mediation
1668:22745683
1620:PLOS ONE
1497:See also
210:, or by
172:and the
132:policies
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1660:3380063
1638:Bibcode
1233:May 27,
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984:and in
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627:content
356:per day
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268:conduct
264:content
258:or for
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645:ArbCom
640:ArbCom
569:or as
140:essays
122:Basics
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757:"Use
516:, or
285:block
276:Wales
246:, or
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