674:. They rely on primary sources for their material, making analytic or evaluative claims about them. For example, a review article that analyzes research papers in a field is a secondary source for the research. Whether a source is primary or secondary depends on context. A book by a military historian about the Second World War might be a secondary source about the war, but where it includes details of the author's own war experiences, it would be a primary source about those experiences. A book review too can be an opinion, summary, or scholarly review.
735:, especially when primary or secondary sources contradict each other. Some tertiary sources are more reliable than others. Within any given tertiary source, some entries may be more reliable than others. Knowledge (XXG) articles may not be used as tertiary sources in other Knowledge (XXG) articles, but are sometimes used as primary sources in articles about Knowledge (XXG) itself (see
1497:; tabulated results of surveys or questionnaires; original philosophical works; religious scripture; medieval and ancient works, even if they cite earlier known or lost writings; tomb plaques and gravestones; and artistic and fictional works such as poems, scripts, screenplays, novels, motion pictures, videos, and television programs. For definitions of primary sources:
1584:; book reviews should be considered as supporting sources in articles about books. Avoid using book reviews as reliable sources for the topics covered in the book. A book review is intended to be an independent review of the book, the author, and related writing issues, not a secondary source for the topics covered within the book. For definitions of book reviews:
47:
509:. Secondary or tertiary sources are needed to establish the topic's notability and avoid novel interpretations of primary sources. All analyses and interpretive or synthetic claims about primary sources must be referenced to a secondary or tertiary source and must not be an original analysis of the primary-source material by Knowledge (XXG) editors.
857:
877:
836:
816:
517:, and should be discussed on article talk pages. A source may be considered primary for one statement but secondary for a different one. Even a given source can contain both primary and secondary source material for one particular statement. For the purposes of this policy, primary, secondary and tertiary sources are defined as follows:
110:
320:, determines the type and quality of material acceptable in articles. Because these policies work in harmony, they should not be interpreted in isolation from one another, and editors should familiarize themselves with all three. For questions about whether any particular edit constitutes original research, see the
558:. An account of a traffic incident written by a witness is a primary source of information about the event; similarly, a scientific paper documenting a new experiment conducted by the author is a primary source for the outcome of that experiment. For Knowledge (XXG)'s purposes, breaking news stories are also
1036:
Source information does not need to be in prose form: any form of information, such as maps, charts, graphs, and tables may be used to provide source information. Any straightforward reading of such media is not original research provided that there is consensus among editors that the techniques used
399:
must be supported by a reliable source. Material for which no reliable source can be found is considered original research. The only way you can show that your edit is not original research is to cite a reliable published source that contains the same material. Even with well-sourced material, if you
368:
The best practice is to research the most reliable sources on the topic and summarize what they say in your own words, with each statement in the article being verifiable in a source that makes that statement explicitly. Source material should be carefully summarized or rephrased without changing its
1591:
Virginia Tech
University Libraries provides the following definition: "A book review is an article that is published in a newspaper, magazine, or scholarly work that describes and evaluates a book.... Reviews differ from literary critiques of books. Critiques explore the style and themes used by an
1440:
By "exist", the community means that the reliable source must have been published and still existâsomewhere in the world, in any language, whether or not it is reachable onlineâeven if no source is currently named in the article. Articles that currently name zero references of any type may be fully
289:
exist even for material that is never challenged. For example, the statement "the capital of France is Paris" does not require a source to be cited, nor is it original research, because it's not something you thought up and it is easily verifiable; therefore, no one is likely to object to it and we
1524:
offers this definition: "Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs). They reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer. Primary sources enable the
1488:
Further examples of primary sources include: archeological artifacts; census results; video or transcripts of surveillance, public hearings, etc.; investigative reports; trial/litigation in any country (including material â which relates to either the trial or to any of the parties involved in the
1166:
The prohibition against original research limits the extent to which editors may present their own points of view in articles. By reinforcing the importance of including verifiable research produced by others, this policy promotes the inclusion of multiple points of view. Consequently, this policy
1570:
The Ithaca
College Library's page on primary and secondary sources compares research articles to review articles. Be aware that either type of article can be both a primary and secondary source, although research articles tend to be more useful as primary sources and review articles as secondary
849:
Here are two paragraphs showing more complex examples of editorial synthesis. They are based on an actual
Knowledge (XXG) article about a dispute between two authors, here called Smith and Jones. This first paragraph is fine because each of the sentences is carefully sourced, using a source that
784:
Do not combine material from multiple sources to state or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources. Similarly, do not combine different parts of one source to state or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by the source. If one reliable source says A and another reliable
450:
in the references cited. In general, article statements should not rely on unclear or inconsistent passages or on passing comments. Any passages open to multiple interpretations should be precisely cited or avoided. A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source.
604:
to the primary source but without further, specialized knowledge. For example, an article about a musician may cite discographies and track listings published by the record label, and an article about a novel may cite passages to describe the plot, but any interpretation needs a secondary
1621:
Jimmy Wales has said of synthesized historical theories: "Some who completely understand why
Knowledge (XXG) ought not create novel theories of physics by citing the results of experiments and so on and synthesizing them into something new, may fail to see how the same thing applies to
553:
are original materials that are close to an event, and are often accounts written by people who are directly involved. They offer an insider's view of an event, a period of history, a work of art, a political decision, and so on. Primary sources may or may not be
895:
The second paragraph is original research because it expresses a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's opinion that, given the Harvard manual's definition of plagiarism, Jones did not commit it. Making the second paragraph policy-compliant would require a reliable source
801:
has published the same argument concerning the topic of the article. If a single source says "A" in one context, and "B" in another, without connecting them, and does not provide an argument of "therefore C", then "therefore C" cannot be used in any article.
1167:
reinforces our neutrality policy. In many cases, there are multiple established views of any given topic. In such cases, no single position, no matter how well researched, is authoritative. It is not the responsibility of any individual editor to research
1189:
If your viewpoint is held by an extremely small minority, thenâwhether it's true or not, whether you can prove it, or notâit doesn't belong in
Knowledge (XXG), except perhaps in some ancillary article. Knowledge (XXG) is not the place for original
720:
that summarize, and often quote, primary and secondary sources. Knowledge (XXG) is considered to be a tertiary source. Many introductory undergraduate-level textbooks are regarded as tertiary sources because they sum up multiple secondary sources.
438:
As a rule of thumb, the more people engaged in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the writing, the more reliable the publication. Self-published material, whether on paper or online, is generally not regarded as reliable. See
888:
manual, which requires citation of the source actually consulted. The
Harvard manual does not call violating this rule "plagiarism". Instead, plagiarism is defined as using a source's information, ideas, words, or structure without citing
588:
of primary source material requires a reliable secondary source for that interpretation. While a primary source is generally the best source for its own contents, even over a summary of the primary source elsewhere, do not put
1531:
offers this definition: "A primary source is a first-hand account of an event. Primary sources may include newspaper articles, letters, diaries, interviews, laws, reports of government commissions, and many other types of
1005:
Faithfully translating sourced material into
English, or transcribing spoken words from audio or video sources, is not considered original research. For information on how to handle sources that require translation, see
512:
Appropriate sourcing can be a complicated issue, and these are general rules. Deciding whether primary, secondary, or tertiary sources are appropriate in any given instance is a matter of good editorial judgment and
130:. Articles must not contain any new analysis or synthesis of published material that reaches or implies a conclusion not clearly stated by the sources themselves. Simple calculations are not original research, see
2037:
948:
Because of copyright laws in several countries, there are relatively few images available for use on
Knowledge (XXG). Editors are therefore encouraged to upload their own images, releasing them under appropriate
805:
Here are two sentences showing simple examples of improper editorial synthesis. Both halves of the first sentence may be reliably sourced but are combined to imply that the UN has failed to maintain world peace.
1388:
1171:
points of view. But when incorporating research into an article, editors must provide context for this point of view by indicating how prevalent the position is and whether it is held by a majority or minority.
964:
to distort the facts or position illustrated by an image. Manipulated images should be prominently noted as such. Any manipulated image where the encyclopedic value is materially affected should be posted to
1489:
trial â published/authored by any involved party, before, during or after the trial); editorials, op-eds, columns, blogs, and other opinion pieces, including (depending on context) reviews and interviews
864:
Smith stated that Jones committed plagiarism by copying references from another author's book. Jones responded that it is acceptable scholarly practice to use other people's books to find new references.
1148:
be verifiable before you can add it. The policy says that all challenged or likely to be challenged material and all quotations need a reliable source; what counts as a reliable source is described at
2284:
1877:
1096:
Mathematical literacy may be necessary to follow a "routine" calculation, particularly for articles on mathematics or in the hard sciences. In some cases, editors may show their work in a footnote.
2199:
1890:
1580:
Book reviews may be found listed under separate sections within a news source or might be embedded within larger news reports. Having multiple coverages in book reviews is considered one of the
1412:
1226:
1398:
1383:
2531:
1458:
in the source so that using this source to support the material is not a violation of this policy against original research. For questions about where and how to place citations, see
227:
Outside
Knowledge (XXG), original research is a key part of scholarly work. However, Knowledge (XXG) editors must base their contributions on reliable, published sources, not their
1324:
2030:
2457:
1373:
365:
can be found on a topic, Knowledge (XXG) should not have an article about it. If you discover something new, Knowledge (XXG) is not the place to announce such a discovery.
1870:
1329:
480:
369:
meaning or implication. Take care not to go beyond what the sources express or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intention of the source, such as using material
829:
In this second sentence, the opposite is implied using the same material, illustrating how easily such material can be manipulated when the sources are not adhered to:
671:
1368:
2490:
684:: Knowledge (XXG) articles usually rely on material from reliable secondary sources. Articles may make an analytic, evaluative, interpretive, or synthetic claim
843:
The United Nations' stated objective is to maintain international peace and security, and since its creation there have been only 160 wars throughout the world.
210:
2214:
1863:
1561:
defines "secondary source" as "a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. It is generally at least one step removed from the event".
1220:
34:
1558:
1521:
1509:, such as autobiographies, diaries, e-mail, interviews, letters, minutes, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, and speeches;
2690:
1334:
823:
The United Nations' stated objective is to maintain international peace and security, but since its creation there have been 160 wars throughout the world.
957:, the core reason behind the "No original research" policy. Image captions are subject to this policy no less than statements in the body of the article.
900:. In other words, that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source concerning the topic before it can be published on Knowledge (XXG).
451:
Drawing conclusions not evident in the reference is original research regardless of the type of source. References must be cited in context and on topic.
2485:
2224:
1966:
1215:
970:
740:
632:
174:
2505:
2291:
2160:
1463:
1303:
611:
analyze, evaluate, interpret, or synthesize material found in a primary source yourself; instead, refer to reliable secondary sources that do so.
1099:
Comparisons of statistics present particular difficulties. Editors should not compare statistics from sources that use different methodologies.
2756:
2588:
1682:
785:
source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C not mentioned by either of the sources. This would be improper editorial
731:: Reliable tertiary sources can help provide broad summaries of topics that involve many primary and secondary sources and may help evaluate
2478:
1961:
1417:
224:
184:
2510:
1887:
1363:
55:
1700:
2761:
2500:
2495:
939:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1773:
1661:
1254:
2515:
2452:
1956:
1318:
1183:
If your viewpoint is in the majority, then it should be easy to substantiate it with references to commonly accepted reference texts;
1161:
313:
154:
203:
2229:
2189:
2130:
2047:
1975:
1210:
966:
306:
1754:
1476:
2125:
620:
add unsourced material from your personal experience, because that would make Knowledge (XXG) a primary source of that material.
555:
362:
1643:
2720:
2541:
2219:
2194:
2140:
1718:
1581:
27:
20:
2751:
2583:
2359:
2306:
2279:
2209:
2184:
1339:
775:
1090:
254:. To demonstrate that you are not adding original research, you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are
2705:
2155:
2150:
2120:
2025:
1981:
1909:
1609:
1492:
1378:
943:
666:
provides thought and reflection based on primary sources, generally at least one step removed from an event. It contains
559:
494:
390:
358:
179:
144:
63:
2667:
898:
specifically commenting on the Smith and Jones dispute and making the same point about the Harvard manual and plagiarism
196:
2473:
2354:
2274:
2057:
2052:
274:
2536:
2442:
2397:
2349:
2344:
2062:
2020:
1986:
1604:
While it is a tertiary source, Knowledge (XXG) is not considered a reliable source for Knowledge (XXG) articles; see
1459:
1205:
779:
169:
1588:
Princeton's Wordnet 2011 defines book review as "a critical review of a book (usually, a recently published book)".
1502:
1242:
2430:
2015:
1946:
1605:
1545:
1358:
1149:
1113:
1089:, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age, is almost always permissible. See also
1082:
1007:
447:
386:
317:
309:. Rewriting source material in your own words while retaining the substance is not considered original research.
278:
247:
164:
123:
1528:
884:
If Jones did not consult the original sources, this would be contrary to the practice recommended in the Harvard
736:
331:
and other pages which evaluate article content and sources, such as deletion discussions or policy noticeboards.
2425:
2145:
2135:
1902:
1344:
541:
950:
2296:
1505:
Libraries define primary sources as providing "an inside view of a particular event". They offer as examples:
1393:
1000:
2662:
1525:
researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period".
2729:
2595:
2234:
2110:
2042:
2010:
1971:
484:
302:
282:
2077:
2600:
2301:
2204:
2115:
2105:
1078:
488:
1186:
If your viewpoint is held by a significant minority, then it should be easy to name prominent adherents;
328:
281:
says that an inline citation to a reliable source must be provided for all quotations, and for anything
2612:
2607:
2100:
1119:
1046:
1019:
982:
914:
757:
695:
644:
521:
462:
340:
77:
67:
1923:
953:
or other free licenses. Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research,
614:
Do not base an entire article on primary sources, and be cautious about basing large passages on them.
2447:
2437:
1140:
rather than by the personal beliefs or experiences of its editors. Even if you're sure something is
1081:
among editors that the results of the calculations are correct, and a meaningful reflection of the
1686:
514:
396:
2251:
1278:
961:
590:
432:
119:
1175:
The inclusion of a view that is held by only a tiny minority may constitute original research.
2672:
1704:
357:
Knowledge (XXG) is fundamentally built on research that has been collected and organized from
1736:
321:
1855:
1792:
1086:
662:
498:
265:
The prohibition against original research means that all material added to articles must be
1665:
732:
440:
2652:
712:
596:
A primary source may be used on Knowledge (XXG) only to make straightforward, descriptive
502:
798:
577:
127:
1815:
1758:
549:
506:
370:
581:
may be used in Knowledge (XXG), but only with care, because it is easy to misuse them.
2745:
2321:
1454:
A source "directly supports" a given piece of material if the information is present
1290:
808:
If no reliable source has combined the material in this way, it is original research.
2629:
1647:
312:"No original research" (NOR) is one of three core content policies that, along with
1722:
2657:
290:
know that sources exist for it even if they are not cited. The statement is verifi
239:
223:
2374:
1266:
1176:
1850:
717:
955:
so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments
250:
exists. This includes any analysis or synthesis of published material that
1077:
Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is
562:
to be primary sources. Historical documents such as diaries are as well.
1445:
that every bit of material is supported by a published, reliable source.
670:
of the facts, evidence, concepts, and ideas taken from primary sources.
424:
Magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses
1479:
provides typical examples of primary, secondary and tertiary sources.
1606:
WP:Verifiability § Knowledge (XXG) and sources that mirror or use it
1517:, such as buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, and pottery.
404:
supported by the source, you are engaging in original research; see
361:, as described in content policies such as this one. If no reliable
540:"WP:PRIMARY" redirects here. For the article naming guideline, see
1037:
are correctly applied and a meaningful reflection of the sources.
633:
WP:Biographies of living persons § Avoid misuse of primary sources
246:
means materialâsuch as facts, allegations, and ideasâfor which no
222:
870:
This second paragraph demonstrates improper editorial synthesis:
62:
It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should
1859:
431:
However, note that higher standards than this are required for
1685:. University of California, Berkeley Libraries. Archived from
1223:âdiscussions of specific article content suspected of being OR
973:
must not present the subject in a false or disparaging light.
940:
WP:Manual of Style/Images § Pertinence and encyclopedic nature
104:
41:
400:
use it out of context, or to state or imply a conclusion not
1851:
YouTube video demonstrating the dangers of original research
1513:, such as art, drama, films, music, novels, and poetry; and
236:
Knowledge (XXG) articles must not contain original research.
2560:
1389:
Using maps and similar sources in Knowledge (XXG) articles
1345:
When to cite § When a source or citation may not be needed
1306:âlists other warning templates related to OR, among others
789:
of published material to imply a new conclusion, which is
672:
Secondary sources are not necessarily independent sources
252:
reaches or implies a conclusion not stated by the sources
19:"WP:NOR" redirects here. For the Norway WikiProject, see
1464:
Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Citations
1127:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1027:
990:
929:
922:
765:
703:
652:
529:
470:
348:
92:
85:
1832:, mailing list, September 26, 2003 (followup to above)
1664:. University of Nevada, Reno Libraries. Archived from
780:
Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources § Textâsource integrity
1493:
Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources § News organizations
688:
it has been published by a reliable secondary source.
481:
Knowledge (XXG):Identifying and using primary sources
269:
in a reliable, published source, even if not already
2200:
Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point
1757:. Virginia Tech University Libraries. Archived from
405:
301:
Despite the need for reliable sources, you must not
251:
26:"WP:OR" redirects here. For WikiProject Oregon, see
2637:
2625:
2568:
2558:
2524:
2466:
2406:
2382:
2372:
2329:
2319:
2259:
2249:
2169:
2085:
2075:
1995:
1931:
1921:
1260:âto warn of original research in an article section
1646:. University of Maryland Libraries. Archived from
668:analysis, evaluation, interpretation, or synthesis
1441:compliant with this policyâso long as there is a
1227:Knowledge (XXG) is not for things made up one day
944:WP:Image use policy § Image titles and file names
716:are publications such as encyclopedias and other
2038:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources
1298:analytic, evaluative, interpretive, or synthetic
35:Knowledge (XXG):No original research/Noticeboard
873:
853:
832:
812:
54:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG)
33:For raising issues with specific articles, see
1413:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request
1871:
1272:âinline tag used to warn of original research
741:Category:WikiProject Knowledge (XXG) articles
204:
8:
2626:
1610:WP:Reliable sources § User-generated content
1559:University of California, Berkeley Libraries
1522:University of California, Berkeley Libraries
1384:POV and OR from editors, sources, and fields
493:Knowledge (XXG) articles should be based on
2532:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
1703:. Duke University Libraries. Archived from
1399:You don't need to cite that the sky is blue
1136:Knowledge (XXG)'s content is determined by
602:verified by any educated person with access
411:In general, the most reliable sources are:
2634:
2565:
2418:
2379:
2326:
2256:
2082:
1928:
1878:
1864:
1856:
1677:
1675:
1321:, an overview of the origin of this policy
1296:âused in talk/noticeboards to remind that
960:It is not acceptable for an editor to use
211:
197:
139:
122:. All material in Knowledge (XXG) must be
66:follow. Changes made to it should reflect
1644:"Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources"
1325:Identifying and using independent sources
131:
1721:. Ithaca College Library. Archived from
1436:
1434:
793:. "A and B, therefore, C" is acceptable
1635:
1430:
572:: Unless restricted by another policy,
455:Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
142:
1374:Identifying and using tertiary sources
1284:âused to warn of unpublished synthesis
1211:Conflict of interest § Citing yourself
1008:WP:Verifiability § Non-English sources
1330:Identifying and using primary sources
1162:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral point of view
418:Books published by university presses
283:challenged or likely to be challenged
7:
1683:"Finding Historical Primary Sources"
1544:Any exceptional claim would require
967:Knowledge (XXG):Files for discussion
627:when handling primary sources about
2691:List of all policies and guidelines
1825:, mailing list, September 26, 2003.
1150:WP:Verifiability § Reliable sources
2730:Summaries of values and principles
2571:
2409:
2172:
1998:
1793:": --A Request RE a WIKIArticle--"
1791:Wales, Jimmy (29 September 2003).
1369:Identifying and using style guides
1248:âused to warn of original research
446:Information in an article must be
28:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Oregon
21:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Norway
14:
776:Knowledge (XXG):What SYNTH is not
120:does not publish original thought
2757:Knowledge (XXG) content policies
2640:
2385:
2332:
2262:
2215:Please do not bite the newcomers
2088:
1934:
1839:, mailing list, December 3, 2004
1772:Wales, Jimmy (6 December 2004).
1477:University of Maryland Libraries
1300:claims require secondary sources
1221:No original research noticeboard
1138:previously published information
875:
855:
834:
814:
391:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources
322:No original research noticeboard
258:to the topic of the article and
108:
45:
1719:"Primary and secondary sources"
1335:These are not original research
1319:Core content policies § History
977:Translations and transcriptions
750:Synthesis of published material
575:Primary sources that have been
1818:, mailing list, July 12, 2003.
1460:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources
327:This policy does not apply to
262:the material being presented.
1:
2762:Knowledge (XXG) verifiability
2225:Responding to threats of harm
1967:Biographies of living persons
1701:"How to Find Primary Sources"
1582:notability criteria for books
1216:No original research examples
1114:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability
1091:Category:Conversion templates
904:What is not original research
501:, and to a lesser extent, on
387:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability
175:Biographies of living persons
2292:Criteria for speedy deletion
2161:Paid-contribution disclosure
850:refers to the same dispute:
1962:What Knowledge (XXG) is not
1662:"What is a Primary Source?"
1490:
1418:The Knowledge (XXG) Library
395:Any material challenged or
185:What Knowledge (XXG) is not
2778:
1503:University of Nevada, Reno
1304:Template messages/Disputes
1159:
1117:
1111:
1044:
1017:
998:
980:
937:
912:
773:
755:
693:
642:
539:
519:
485:Knowledge (XXG):Based upon
478:
460:
421:University-level textbooks
384:
338:
248:reliable, published source
128:reliable, published source
75:
32:
25:
18:
2685:
2421:
1897:
1529:Duke University Libraries
1255:Original research section
951:Creative Commons licenses
489:Knowledge (XXG):Published
2752:Knowledge (XXG) policies
1830:"NPOV and 'new physics'"
1823:"NPOV and 'new physics'"
971:Images of living persons
737:Category:Knowledge (XXG)
307:violate their copyrights
116:This page in a nutshell:
2668:Licensing and copyright
1888:policies and guidelines
1799:. Wikimedia Foundation.
1780:. Wikimedia Foundation.
1743:. Princeton University.
1364:Dictionaries as sources
402:directly and explicitly
397:likely to be challenged
1443:reasonable expectation
892:
867:
846:
826:
441:self-published sources
415:Peer-reviewed journals
232:
132:§ Routine calculations
2663:Friendly space policy
2453:Broad-concept article
1957:Neutral point of view
1797:WikiEN-l Mailing List
1778:WikiEN-l Mailing List
1156:Neutral point of view
479:Further information:
427:Mainstream newspapers
385:Further information:
314:Neutral point of view
226:
155:Neutral point of view
16:Wikimedia policy page
2230:Talk page guidelines
2190:Conflict of interest
2131:Ownership of content
1976:Copyright violations
1952:No original research
1886:Knowledge (XXG) key
1041:Routine calculations
886:Writing with Sources
375:stick to the sources
294:, even if not verifi
279:verifiability policy
160:No original research
2126:No personal attacks
2048:Don't create hoaxes
1837:"Original research"
1774:"Original research"
1668:on 9 February 2007.
1650:on 1 February 2013.
1546:exceptional sources
1515:relics or artifacts
598:statements of facts
578:reputably published
556:independent sources
363:independent sources
349:WP:STICKTOTHESOURCE
2721:List of guidelines
2542:Template namespace
2220:Courtesy vanishing
2195:Disruptive editing
2141:Dispute resolution
1761:on 5 January 2013.
1741:WordNet Search 3.1
1725:on 6 October 2013.
1507:original documents
1312:Supplemental pages
1179:has said of this:
962:photo manipulation
635:, which is policy.
630:
626:
619:
610:
237:
233:
231:original research.
2739:
2738:
2681:
2680:
2621:
2620:
2584:Project namespace
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2491:Dates and numbers
2458:Understandability
2368:
2367:
2315:
2314:
2307:Revision deletion
2280:Proposed deletion
2245:
2244:
2210:Gaming the system
2185:Assume good faith
2071:
2070:
1816:Crackpot articles
1707:on 13 March 2012.
1592:author or genre."
1340:What SYNTH is not
1243:Original research
791:original research
628:
624:
617:
608:
499:secondary sources
244:original research
235:
221:
220:
138:
137:
103:
102:
2769:
2716:
2715:
2706:List of policies
2701:
2700:
2658:List of policies
2645:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2559:Project content
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2156:Child protection
2151:No legal threats
2121:Ignore all rules
2093:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2026:Reliable sources
2003:
2002:
2001:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1910:Ignore all rules
1892:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1640:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1379:Party and person
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1130:
1103:Related policies
1087:Basic arithmetic
1071:
1064:
1057:
1030:
1014:Acceptable media
993:
991:WP:TRANSCRIPTION
932:
925:
882:
879:
878:
862:
859:
858:
841:
838:
837:
821:
818:
817:
768:
730:
713:Tertiary sources
706:
683:
663:secondary source
655:
593:on its contents.
571:
532:
503:tertiary sources
473:
443:for exceptions.
381:Reliable sources
359:reliable sources
351:
260:directly support
256:directly related
213:
206:
199:
180:Image use policy
147:
145:Content policies
140:
118:Knowledge (XXG)
112:
111:
105:
95:
88:
49:
48:
42:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2713:
2712:
2698:
2697:
2677:
2641:
2639:
2617:
2572:
2570:
2546:
2520:
2474:Manual of Style
2462:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2384:
2364:
2360:Page protection
2333:
2331:
2311:
2275:Deletion policy
2263:
2261:
2241:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2089:
2087:
2067:
2058:Patent nonsense
2053:Fringe theories
1999:
1997:
1991:
1935:
1933:
1917:
1893:
1884:
1847:
1842:
1810:
1808:Further reading
1805:
1804:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1689:on 2 July 2012.
1681:
1680:
1673:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1408:
1403:
1354:
1349:
1314:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1202:
1197:
1164:
1158:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1003:
997:
996:
989:
985:
979:
946:
936:
935:
928:
921:
917:
911:
909:Original images
906:
893:
880:
876:
868:
860:
856:
847:
839:
835:
827:
819:
815:
799:reliable source
782:
772:
771:
764:
760:
752:
724:
710:
709:
702:
698:
677:
659:
658:
651:
647:
565:
550:Primary sources
545:
542:WP:PRIMARYTOPIC
536:
535:
528:
524:
507:primary sources
491:
477:
476:
469:
465:
457:
393:
383:
355:
354:
347:
343:
337:
275:inline citation
240:Knowledge (XXG)
217:
143:
109:
99:
98:
91:
84:
80:
72:
71:
46:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2709:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2673:Privacy policy
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2537:Categorization
2534:
2528:
2526:
2525:Classification
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:Disambiguation
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2398:Editing policy
2394:
2392:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:Administrators
2341:
2339:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2063:External links
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2021:Citing sources
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1987:Article titles
1984:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1845:External links
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:Wales, Jimmy.
1833:
1828:Wales, Jimmy.
1826:
1821:Wales, Jimmy.
1819:
1814:Wales, Jimmy.
1811:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1783:
1764:
1755:"Book Reviews"
1746:
1728:
1710:
1692:
1671:
1653:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1511:creative works
1498:
1481:
1468:
1457:
1447:
1444:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1206:Citing sources
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1157:
1154:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:WP:CALCULATION
1058:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1001:WP:Translation
995:
994:
986:
981:
978:
975:
934:
933:
926:
918:
913:
910:
907:
905:
902:
872:
852:
831:
811:
770:
769:
761:
756:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
744:
708:
707:
699:
694:
691:
690:
689:
657:
656:
648:
643:
640:
639:
638:
637:
636:
621:
615:
612:
606:
594:
586:interpretation
582:
534:
533:
525:
520:
475:
474:
466:
461:
456:
453:
433:medical claims
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
382:
379:
371:out of context
353:
352:
344:
339:
336:
333:
297:
293:
288:
285:âbut a source
272:
268:
261:
257:
230:
219:
218:
216:
215:
208:
201:
193:
190:
189:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
170:Article titles
167:
162:
157:
149:
148:
136:
135:
113:
101:
100:
97:
96:
89:
81:
76:
73:
61:
60:
52:
50:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2774:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2636:
2633:
2624:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2564:
2557:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Accessibility
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:Summary style
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2381:
2378:
2371:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2325:
2318:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2248:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Autobiography
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Verifiability
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1737:"book review"
1732:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:Research help
1405:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Cherrypicking
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1108:Verifiability
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1002:
992:
988:
987:
984:
976:
974:
972:
968:
963:
958:
956:
952:
945:
941:
931:
927:
924:
920:
919:
916:
908:
903:
901:
899:
891:
890:
887:
871:
866:
865:
851:
845:
844:
830:
825:
824:
810:
809:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
777:
767:
763:
762:
759:
754:
749:
742:
738:
734:
729:
728:
723:
722:
719:
715:
714:
705:
701:
700:
697:
692:
687:
682:
681:
676:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:
654:
650:
649:
646:
641:
634:
629:living people
625:extra caution
622:
616:
613:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
587:
583:
580:
579:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
563:
561:
557:
552:
551:
547:
546:
543:
538:
531:
527:
526:
523:
518:
516:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
490:
486:
482:
472:
468:
467:
464:
459:
454:
452:
449:
444:
442:
436:
434:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
403:
398:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
366:
364:
360:
350:
346:
345:
342:
335:Using sources
334:
332:
330:
325:
323:
319:
318:Verifiability
315:
310:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
270:
266:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
228:
225:
214:
209:
207:
202:
200:
195:
194:
192:
191:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
165:Verifiability
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:
141:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
107:
106:
94:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
74:
69:
65:
59:
57:
51:
44:
43:
40:
36:
29:
22:
2728:
2719:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2689:
2653:Terms of Use
2638:
2589:WikiProjects
2569:
2506:Lead section
2426:Article size
2407:
2383:
2330:
2320:Enforcement
2260:
2170:
2146:Sockpuppetry
2136:Edit warring
2086:
1996:
1951:
1932:
1908:
1903:Five pillars
1901:
1796:
1786:
1777:
1767:
1759:the original
1749:
1740:
1731:
1723:the original
1713:
1705:the original
1695:
1687:the original
1666:the original
1656:
1648:the original
1638:
1617:
1600:
1576:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1484:
1471:
1450:
1297:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1098:
1095:
1076:
1035:
1004:
959:
954:
947:
897:
894:
885:
883:
874:
869:
863:
854:
848:
842:
833:
828:
822:
813:
807:
804:
794:
790:
786:
783:
753:
726:
725:
711:
685:
679:
678:
667:
661:
653:WP:SECONDARY
601:
600:that can be
597:
591:undue weight
585:
576:
567:
566:
548:
537:
515:common sense
511:
497:, published
492:
458:
445:
437:
430:
410:
401:
394:
374:
373:. In short,
367:
356:
326:
311:
300:
264:
243:
234:
159:
124:attributable
115:
53:
39:
2297:Attack page
2285:Biographies
1532:documents."
1394:1.5 sources
1177:Jimbo Wales
1160:Main page:
1128:WP:VERIFYOR
1112:Main page:
704:WP:TERTIARY
2746:Categories
2601:User boxes
2596:User pages
2235:Signatures
2111:Harassment
2043:Plagiarism
2011:Notability
1630:References
1456:explicitly
1200:Guidelines
1028:WP:ORMEDIA
999:See also:
938:See also:
930:WP:IMAGEOR
774:See also:
733:due weight
560:considered
530:WP:PRIMARY
448:verifiable
329:talk pages
303:plagiarize
267:verifiable
2608:Shortcuts
2302:Oversight
2250:Deletion
2205:Etiquette
2116:Vandalism
2106:Consensus
1982:Image use
1972:Copyright
1622:history."
1279:Synthesis
1233:Templates
1190:research.
1079:consensus
1047:Shortcuts
915:Shortcuts
787:synthesis
718:compendia
78:Shortcuts
68:consensus
2613:Subpages
2479:Contents
2448:Hatnotes
2373:Editing
2355:Blocking
2101:Civility
2076:Conduct
2031:Medicine
1922:Content
1571:sources.
1195:See also
1120:Shortcut
1069:WP:2+2=4
1020:Shortcut
983:Shortcut
766:WP:SYNTH
758:Shortcut
696:Shortcut
645:Shortcut
522:Shortcut
495:reliable
463:Shortcut
341:Shortcut
305:them or
271:verified
64:normally
2511:Linking
2438:Be bold
2350:Banning
1083:sources
1055:WP:CALC
795:only if
686:only if
605:source.
471:WP:PSTS
273:via an
2501:Layout
2496:Images
1608:, and
1466:, etc.
1352:Essays
942:, and
727:Policy
680:Policy
631:; see
618:Do not
609:Do not
568:Policy
487:, and
277:. The
93:WP:NOR
56:policy
2516:Lists
2467:Style
1491:(see
1425:Notes
1144:, it
923:WP:OI
889:them.
406:below
126:to a
86:WP:OR
1557:The
1520:The
1501:The
1475:The
1291:AEIS
1146:must
1142:true
778:and
739:and
623:Use
584:Any
505:and
389:and
316:and
292:able
287:must
2630:(?)
2627:WMF
2561:(?)
2375:(?)
2322:(?)
2252:(?)
2078:(?)
1924:(?)
1891:(?)
1169:all
238:On
229:own
2748::
2718::
2703::
1795:.
1776:.
1739:.
1674:^
1462:,
1433:^
1294:}}
1288:{{
1282:}}
1276:{{
1270:}}
1267:OR
1264:{{
1258:}}
1252:{{
1246:}}
1240:{{
1152:.
1093:.
1085:.
1010:.
969:.
797:a
743:).
660:A
483:,
435:.
408:.
377:.
324:.
298:.
296:ed
242:,
2714:G
2699:P
2642:P
2573:G
2411:G
2387:P
2334:P
2264:P
2174:G
2090:P
2000:G
1978:)
1974:(
1936:P
1879:e
1872:t
1865:v
1612:.
1548:.
1495:)
881:N
861:Y
840:N
820:N
544:.
212:e
205:t
198:v
134:.
70:.
58:.
37:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
