881:, may declare that a film celebrity, Fingel Stempleton, was kidnapped by space aliens and taken to their home planet for probing/surgery for the entire day of January 1, 2018. DT may make this claim based on an interview with a guest at Stempleton's mansion who witnessed the UFO's arrival in the gated Stempleton mansion/compound. However, a major newspaper with a reputation for fact-checking counters this claim with the release of 60 days of police video surveillance showing Stempleton was locked up for drunk driving from December 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018. (Hmmm, perhaps Stempleton used a
803:
honest debate and dissent. Much scientific research is funded by companies with an interest in the outcome of the experiments, and such research makes its way into peer-reviewed journals. For example, pharmaceutical companies may fund research on their new medication Pax-Luv. If you are a scientist doing research funded by the manufacturer of Pax-Luv, you may be tempted (or pressured) into downplaying adverse information about the drug. Resistance may cause you to lose your funding. Journals can also have conflicts of interest due to their funding sources. Some profit from
626:
306:, or biased because of a conflict of interest can play a role in writing an article, but it must be possible to source the information that establishes the subject's real-world notability to independent, third-party sources. Reliance on independent sources ensures that an article can be written from a balanced, disinterested viewpoint rather than from the person's own viewpoint. It also ensures articles can catalogue a topic's worth, its role and achievements within society, rather than offering
1103:. A self-published source is made available to the public ("published") by or at the direction of the person or entity that created it. Blog posts by consumers about their personal experiences with a product are completely independent, self-published sources. A peer-reviewed article in an reputable academic journal by researchers at a pharmaceutical company about one of their products is a non-independent, non-self-published source.
1112:
64:
575:, including statements about what subjects are important and why. To verify that a subject is important, only a source that is independent of the subject can provide a reliable evaluation. A source too close to the subject will always believe that the subject is important enough to warrant detailed coverage, and relying exclusively upon this source will present a
923:, restaurant, or hotel in a given area. A newspaper in a small town might write about the opening and closing of every single business in the town, or the everyday activities of local citizens. An enthusiastic local music reviewer may pen a review of every single person who comes on stage in their town with a guitar and a microphone, whether it is an amateur
1124:
that these sources are non-independent, or even biased. What matters for independence is whether they stand to gain from it. For example, a drug company publishing about their own products in a pharmaceutical journal is a non-independent source. The same type of article, written by a government researcher, would be an independent source.
141:
945:. If a subject, such as a local business, is only mentioned in indiscriminate independent sources, then it does not qualify for a separate article on Knowledge (XXG), but may be mentioned briefly in related articles (e.g., the local business may be mentioned in the article about the town where it is located).
741:. A syndication company may offer the same story in multiple formats, such as a long and short news article, or the same story with an alternate lead, or a video and a written article. Whatever the length or format, they usually contain the same claims and are written or edited by the same person or team.
551:
protege who runs a film review website ("Fully
Independent Critic.com"), and if filmmaker Y instructs "Independent Critic" to praise or attack film Q, then filmmaker Y and Fully Independent Critic.com might not be independent, even though they are not related by ownership, contract or any legal means.
517:
source. A first-party, non-independent source about the president of an environmental lobby group would be a report published by that lobby group's communications branch. A third-party source is not affiliated with the event, not paid by the people who are involved, and not otherwise likely to have a
1136:
between a third-party source and an independent one. An "independent" source is one that has no vested interest in the subject. For example, the independent source will not earn any extra money by convincing readers of its viewpoint. A "third-party" source is one that is not directly involved in any
1123:
In particular, many academic journals are sometimes said to be "biased", but the fact that education journals are in favor of education, pharmaceutical journals are in favor of pharmaceutical drugs, journals about specific regions write about the people and places in that region, etc., does not mean
790:
However, less direct interests can be harder to see and more subjective to establish. Caution must be used in accepting sources as independent. Suppose a non-profit organization named "Grassroots Reach-out
Accountability Sustainability ("GRASS") writes a press release calling Foo Petrochemicals "the
782:
Any publication put out by an organization is clearly not independent of any topic that organization has an interest in promoting. In some cases, the conflict of interest is easy to see. For example, suppose Foo
Petrochemicals Inc. wrote an article about a chemical spill caused by Foo Petrochemicals
637:
Non-independent sources may be used to source content for articles, but the connection of the source to the topic must be clearly identified. For example, "Organization X said 10,000 people showed up to protest" is OK when using material published by the organization, but "10,000 people showed up to
279:
make
Knowledge (XXG) editors suspect that sources from these people will give more importance to advancing their own interests (personal, financial, legal, etc.) in the topic than to advancing knowledge about the topic. Sources by involved family members, employees, and officers of organizations are
684:
searches and other searches that editors commonly use to locate reliable sources. Usually, but not always, a press release will be identified as such. Many less reputable news sources will write an article based almost exclusively on a press release, making only minor modifications. When using news
550:
between a third-party source and an independent one, most of
Knowledge (XXG)'s policies and guidelines use the terms interchangeably, and most sources that are third-party also happen to be independent. Note that a third party is not necessarily independent. For example, if famous filmmaker Y has a
594:
If multiple reliable publications have discussed a topic, or better still debated a topic, then that improves the topic's probability of being covered in
Knowledge (XXG). First, multiple sources that have debated a subject will reliably demonstrate that the subject is worthy of notice. Second, and
582:
Arguably, an independent and reliable source is not always objective enough or knowledgeable to evaluate a subject. There are many instances of biased coverage by journalists, academics, and critics. Even with peer review and fact-checking, there are instances where otherwise reliable publications
478:
These simple examples need to be interpreted with all the facts and circumstances in mind. For example, a newspaper that depends on advertising revenue might not be truly independent in their coverage of the local businesses that advertise in the paper. As well, a newspaper owned by person X might
1144:
However, most of
Knowledge (XXG)'s policies and guidelines use the terms interchangeably, and most published sources that are third-party also happen to be independent. Except when directly specified otherwise in the policy or guideline, it is sufficient for a source to be either independent or
802:
The peer-review process does not guarantee independence of a source. Journal policies on conflicts of interest vary. Caution is needed on topics with large commercial interests at stake, where controversy may be manufactured, and genuinely controversial topics where there may be a great deal of
225:
Every possible combination of these three traits has been seen in sources on
Knowledge (XXG). Any combination of these three traits can produce a source that is usable for some purpose in a Knowledge (XXG) article. Identifying these characteristics will help you determine how you can use these
351:
was created as an expansion of the neutral point of view policy, to allow information to be checked for any form of bias. It has been noticed, however, that some articles are sourcing their content solely from the topic itself, which creates a level of bias within an article. Where this
294:
in developing countries, and they may personally strongly favor teaching all children how to read, regardless of gender or socioeconomic status. Yet if the author gains no personal benefit from the education of these children, then the publication is an independent source on the topic.
371:
viewpoints, to achieve this goal, articles must demonstrate that the topic they are covering has been mentioned in reliable sources independent of the topic itself. These sources should be independent of both the topic and of
Knowledge (XXG), and should be of the standard described in
932:
may state that Foo
Barkeley was onstage at a rock concert ("Foo Barkeley was one of the opening acts who performed on May 1, 2017 at the venue". This is arguably a "bare mention"; yes the NYT says that Foo performed, but they don't say whether the concert was good or noteworthy).
830:
exists for required disclosures on medical journals, but nearly 90% of the biggest medical journals fail to report potential conflicts of interests of their editors, leading to scarce confidence on the correct handling of conflicts of interests in the contents they publish.
783:
Inc.. This is not an independent source on the spill, nor on how green, nature-loving and environment-saving Foo is. If the source is written by a public relations firm hired by Foo, it's the same as if it were written by Foo, itself. Foo and the hired PR firm both have a
1119:
A source can be biased without compromising its independence. When a source strongly approves or disapproves of something, but it has no connection to the subject and does not stand to benefit directly from promoting that view, then the source is still independent.
936:
Indiscriminate but independent sources may be reliable – for example, an online travel guide may provide accurate information for every single hotel and restaurant in a town – but the existence of this information should be considered skeptically when determining
847:: A book from 1950 about how asbestos fibre insulation is 100% safe for your house's roof may be published by a source which is completely independent from the asbestos mining and asbestos insulation industries. However, as of 2022, this 1950 book is outdated.
270:
Interest in a topic becomes vested when the source (the author, the publisher, etc.) develops any financial or legal relationship to the topic. An interest in this sense may be either positive or negative. An example of a positive interest is writing about
149:
Independent sources are distinguished by their lack of any direct influence with the subjects involved. Knowledge (XXG) encourages the use of independent sources because these sources are typically associated with reliability, a lack of bias, and factual
853:: A book by a self-proclaimed "International Insulation Expert", Foo Barkeley, may claim that asbestos fibre insulation is totally safe, and that we should all have fluffy heaps of asbestos fibre in our roofs and walls. Even if Foo Barkeley has paid the
396:
In the case of a Knowledge (XXG) article about a website, for example, independent sources would include an article in a newspaper which describes the site, but a reference to the site itself would lack independence (and would instead be considered a
1137:
transaction related to the subject, but may still have a financial or other vested interest in the outcome. For example, if a lawsuit between two people may result in one person's insurance company paying a claim, then that insurance company is a
927:
playing for the first time or a major touring group. Sometimes, WP editors think that because a reliable source mentions a certain band, book, film or other topic, this confers notability on the book, film or other topic. Not necessarily. The
818:
Independent studies, if available, are preferred. It may be best to include a source with a potential conflict of interest. In this case, it's important to identify the connection between the source and topic: "A study by X found that Y."
906:
to verify a subject in independent sources, or else the subject may not have a separate article in Knowledge (XXG). There is no requirement that every article currently contain citations to such sources, although it is highly desirable.
460:
Production company website, publishing company website, website for the book/album/movie, instruction manuals published by the video game's maker, album sleeve notes, book jacket copy, autobiography by the musician, actor, etc.
547:
1133:
791:
No. 1 savior of the environment and the planet". Does GRASS have a conflict of interest? Well, the GRASS.com website says GRASS is 100% independent and community-based. However, closer research may reveal that GRASS was
587:. Rather, if a generally reliable source makes a false or biased statement, the hope is that another reliable source can be found to refute that statement and restore balance. (In severe cases, a group of editors will
176:, and other abuses. Reliance on independent sources ensures that an article can be written from a balanced, disinterested viewpoint rather than from the subject's own viewpoint or from the viewpoint of people with an
1030:
tag, for articles which do not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, but are uncontroversial deletion candidates. This allows the article to be deleted after seven days if nobody objects. For more information, see
839:
Independence alone is not a guarantee that the source is accurate or reliable for a given purpose. Independent sources may be outdated, self-published, mistaken, or not have a reputation for fact-checking.
685:
sources whose editorial integrity you are uncertain of, and an article reads like a press release, it is crucial to check to see that the source is not simply recycling a press release (a practice called "
1073:
671:
is clearly not an independent source as it is usually written either by the business or organization it is written about, or by a business or person hired by or affiliated with the organization (e.g., a
218:
275:, your family, or a product that is made or sold by your company or employer; an example of a negative interest is owning or working for a company that represents a competing product's article. These
1242:: A third-party source is independent and unaffiliated with the subject, thus excluding first-party sources such as self-published material by the subject, autobiographies, and promotional materials.
638:
protest" is not. Similarly, it is undesirable to say "Pax-Luv is the top tranquilizer" (without attribution) instead of "Pax-Luv's manufacturer, Umbrella Cor., says Pax-Luv is the top tranquilizer".
795:
by unnamed corporations who gave the organization lots of money to pursue these "independent" agendas. U.S. funding laws allow such anonymity. Many other countries have stricter transparency laws.
1212:
states that "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, it is presumed to satisfy the inclusion criteria for a stand-alone article."
1077:. A secondary source derives its material from some other, original material, e.g., a non-fiction book analyzing original material such as news reports. Secondary sources are contrasted with
1100:
200:
957:
state, and someone may only need to find the appropriate sources to verify the subject's importance. Consider asking for help with sources at the article's talk page, or at the relevant
263:
is a source that has no vested interest in a given Knowledge (XXG) topic and therefore is commonly expected to cover the topic from a disinterested perspective. Independent sources have
1380:
Are you wondering what happened to the "second party"? That's a nearly archaic term for the defendant in a civil lawsuit. In sourcing terms, there's only first-party and third-party.
267:(advertisers do not dictate content) and no conflicts of interest (there is no potential for personal, financial, or political gain to be made from the existence of the publication).
595:
equally important, these reliable sources will allow editors to verify certain facts about the subject that make it significant, and write an encyclopedic article that meets our
28:
1081:
Primary sources are the wellspring of the original material, e.g., an autobiography, a politician's speech about their own campaign goals or quoted material from a holy text.
822:
In sectors where conflicts of interests are rampant, it may be preferable to assume that a publication is affected by a conflict of interest unless proven otherwise. Stronger
629:
The Bippledorp 9000's manÂuÂfacÂturer calls it "a landmark in the history of music and the most legÂendÂary pedal in rock"; an inÂdeÂpendÂent magazine review may call it "a
46:
529:, which is one where the material presented is based on some other original material, e.g., a non-fiction book analyzing original material such as news reports, and with a
752:
within an article, all of the related articles by the same publishing syndicate, no matter how widely they were sold, are treated as the same single source. (See also:
1082:
534:
1392:"Editors' and authors' individual conflicts of interest disclosure and journal transparency. A cross-sectional study of high-impact medical specialty journals"
812:
1307:
857:
company "You Pay, We Print It!" to print 100,000 copies of his treatise praising asbestos, we don't know if Barkeley's views on asbestos are reliable.
1329:
1014:
1449:
505:
is one that is entirely independent of the subject being covered, e.g., a newspaper reporter covering a story that they are not involved in except
1054:
functionality before considering their merger or deletion. If an article to be deleted is likely to be re-created under the same name, it may be
641:
Non-independent sources should never be used to support claims of notability, but can with caution be used to fill in noncontroversial details.
533:, where the source is the wellspring of the original material, e.g., an autobiography or a politician's speech about their own campaign goals.
1047:
560:
1167:
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in an article. It also ensures articles can catalog a topic's worth and its role and achievements within society, rather than offering
1459:
290:. An independent source may hold a strongly positive or negative view of a topic or an idea. For example, a scholar might write about
1194:
states that "Articles should be based upon reliable, third-party published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy."
1185:
state that "If no reliable, third-party sources can be found for an article topic, Knowledge (XXG) should not have an article on it."
1039:
181:
1203:
states that "Articles should be based on reliable, independent, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy."
696:
by its manufacturer might call it the "greatest invention in the history of electric guitar"; in contrast, an independent review in
380:
vested-interest sources. This requirement for independent sources is so as to determine that the topic can be written about without
1323:
1181:
867:
experts, the International Guitar Pedal Institute, may declare in 1989 that the "Bippledorp 9000 pedal is the first pedal to use a
588:
276:
1454:
567:, Knowledge (XXG) cannot rely upon any editor's opinion about what topics are important. Everything in Knowledge (XXG) must be
700:
magazine may simply make factual statements about its features and call it an "incremental tweak to existing pedal features".
1248:: At least two third-party sources should cover the subject, to avoid idiosyncratic articles based upon a single perspective.
1032:
72:
692:
In general, press releases have effusive praise, rather than factual statements. A press release about the Bippledorp 9000
1335:
1291:: The ability of a journalist to accurately report news regardless of commercial considerations like pleasing advertisers
1222:
1199:
563:, it is also not a dumping ground for any and all information that readers consider important or useful. For the sake of
373:
323:, and if no substantive coverage in independent reliable secondary sources can be identified, then the article should be
953:
An article that currently is without third-party sources should not always be deleted. The article may merely be in an
1351:
1115:
It doesn't matter if you love it or hate it. If you aren't selling it, you're probably an independent source about it.
996:, the subject may first need to be summarized appropriately. Consider starting a merge discussion, using the template
168:
to the subject's own views. Using independent sources helps protect the project from people using Knowledge (XXG) for
871:
effect"; however, in 2018, new research may show that fuzz bass effects were available in pedal formats in the 1970s.
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1055:
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Press releases cannot be used to support claims of notability and should be used cautiously for other assertions.
348:
272:
53:
689:"). Sometimes, but not always, it is possible to locate the original press release used to generate the article.
83:
This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of
958:
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and fact-checking. In general, the more people engaged in checking facts, the more reliable the publication.
1208:
1038:
For cases where you are unsure about deletion or believe others might object, nominate the article for the
942:
753:
483:
1288:
498:
264:
27:
For the definition of independent source when evaluating notability of a corporation or organization, see
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88:
1297:: Whether journalistic sources are repeating each other, or have separately come to the same conclusions
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is the only source available on the topic, this bias is impossible to correct. Such articles tend to be
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Knowledge (XXG) strives to be of the highest standard possible, and to avoid writing on topics from a
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Knowledge (XXG) does not allow editors to improve an article with their own criticisms or corrections
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52:"Knowledge (XXG):Third party" redirects here. For dispute resolution from an independent editor, see
989:
398:
332:
1338:– "Secondary" does not mean "independent"; "third party" does not mean "secondary" (or "tertiary").
1294:
539:, and primary does not mean non-independent or affiliated with the subject. Secondary sources are
1087:, and primary does not mean non-independent or affiliated with the subject. Secondary sources are
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In determining the type of source, there are three separate, basic characteristics to identify:
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Syndicated news pieces may be independent of the subject matter, but they are not independent
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There are companies that generate television segments and sell them to broadcasters – this is
360:, although it is becoming increasingly hard to differentiate this within certain topic areas.
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If no amount of searching will remedy this lack of sources, then it may still be possible to
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If Knowledge (XXG) is, as defined by the three key content policies, an encyclopaedia which
1158:
The necessity of reliable, third-party sources is cemented in several of Knowledge (XXG)'s
938:
584:
576:
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Owner, employees, corporate website or press release, sales brochure, competitor's website
385:
357:
327:. If the article's content is strictly promotional, it should even be made a candidate for
324:
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76:
17:
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states that "All article topics must be verifiable with independent, third-party sources".
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164:) helps editors build non-promotional articles that fairly portray the subject, without
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not be truly independent in its coverage of person X and their business activities.
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process, where the merits will be debated and deliberated for at least seven days.
177:
919:. For example, a travel guide might attempt to provide a review for every single
543:
third-party or independent sources, but they are not always third-party sources.
1407:
1233:
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826:
and disclosure practices can provide confidence in a publication. For instance,
677:
673:
1326:– a Knowledge (XXG) behavioral guideline regarding advancing outside interests
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29:
Knowledge (XXG):Notability (organizations and companies) § Independent sources
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article about the subject, including a statement explaining its significance.
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Examples of independent and non-independent sources for some common subjects
1051:
868:
1430:
180:. Emphasizing the views of disinterested sources is necessary to achieve a
961:. Also consider tagging the article with an appropriate template, such as
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Independent sources are a necessary foundation for any article. Although
291:
449:
Mayor's website, local booster clubs, local chamber of commerce website
313:
Articles that don't reference independent sources should be tagged with
1266:
Once an article meets this minimal standard, additional content can be
45:"WP:INDY" redirects here. For the WikiProject on Indy car racing, see
1017:, one can use a criterion-specific deletion tag listed on that page.
1369:, to tag pages that contain zero independent or third-party sources
1046:
Some articles do not belong on Knowledge (XXG), but fit one of the
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Knowledge (XXG):Identifying and using primary and secondary sources
1110:
624:
1357:, to mark sentences needing an independent or third-party source
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third-party, and it is ideal to rely on sources that are both.
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National media, textbook, encyclopedias, other reference works
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135:
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Dal-RĂ©, Rafael; Caplan, Arthur L; Marusic, Ana (2019-07-23).
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identifying and using independent and non-independent sources
591:, but without adding any original commentary in its place.)
201:
Knowledge (XXG):Identifying and using self-published sources
1071:
This concept is contrasted with the unrelated concept of a
525:
This concept is contrasted with the unrelated concept of a
1232:: A third-party source is reliable if it has standards of
1332:– a non-independent source is sometimes still reliable.
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720:
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384:; otherwise the article is likely to fall foul of our
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject American Open Wheel Racing
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Policies and guidelines requiring third-party sources
894:
Non-independent sources may not be used to establish
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Person, family members, friends, employer, employees
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third-party sources, and meets this requirement if:
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third-party or independent sources, but not always.
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This page deals primarily with the second question:
992:it into another broad topic. But in order to avoid
133:
Explanatory essay about the policies and guidelines
799:are illegal or restricted in many jurisdictions.
1058:to a more appropriate sister project's article.
915:Some sources, while apparently independent, are
787:between a) being accurate and b) favouring Foo.
589:agree to remove the verified but false statement
457:Newspaper or magazine review, book (or chapter)
210:, or is it closely affiliated with the subject?
1308:Knowledge (XXG):Articles with a single source
1067:Relationship to primary and secondary sources
8:
1330:Knowledge (XXG):Identifying reliable sources
1254:: These reliable third-party sources should
943:qualifies for a separate, standalone article
941:and whether each of the mentioned locations
813:conflicts of interest in academic publishing
509:. The opposite of a third-party source is a
900:Knowledge (XXG):What Knowledge (XXG) is not
454:a book, music recording, movie, video game
1310:– multiple sources are always better than
885:astral travel trick to get out of lockup?)
1421:
482:Every article on Knowledge (XXG) must be
298:Material available from sources that are
579:and a threat to a neutral encyclopedia.
497:with a reputation for fact-checking and
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85:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
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1095:Relationship to self-published sources
676:). Press releases commonly show up in
435:News media, popular or scholarly book
875:Not good reputation for fact-checking
754:Knowledge (XXG):Notability#cite ref-3
472:Host website, creator's social media
376:. Articles should not be built using
310:or the contents of a sales brochure.
188:or the contents of a sales brochure.
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1324:Knowledge (XXG):Conflict of interest
1141:but is not financially independent.
949:Articles without third-party sources
555:Why independent sources are required
367:viewpoints rather than a repository
1173:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies on both
1084:Secondary does not mean independent
536:Secondary does not mean third-party
1450:Knowledge (XXG) supplemental pages
1101:whether a source is self-published
89:thoroughly vetted by the community
25:
1050:. They may be copied there using
1033:Knowledge (XXG):Proposed deletion
748:. When considering notability or
217:or not? (For this question, see
199:or not? (For this question, see
1336:Knowledge (XXG):Party and person
583:report complete falsehoods. But
374:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources
139:
62:
1206:Knowledge (XXG)'s guideline on
1197:Knowledge (XXG)'s guideline on
507:in their capacity as a reporter
237:Identifying independent sources
1283:Relevant encyclopedia articles
1221:An article must be based upon
1149:Knowledge (XXG)'s requirements
1128:Third-party versus independent
811:have no real peer-review. See
546:Although there is technically
424:News media, government agency
1:
1460:Knowledge (XXG) verifiability
1302:Related Knowledge (XXG) pages
1099:This concept is unrelated to
349:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability
54:Knowledge (XXG):Third opinion
1188:Knowledge (XXG)'s policy on
1166:Knowledge (XXG)'s policy on
1148:
1015:criteria for speedy deletion
561:Knowledge (XXG) is not paper
1408:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029796
1217:How to meet the requirement
1168:What Knowledge (XXG) is not
1056:turned into a soft redirect
988:some of the information by
877:: A tabloid newspaper, the
835:No guarantee of reliability
18:Knowledge (XXG):Independent
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1455:Knowledge (XXG) notability
890:Relationship to notability
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1048:Wikimedia sister projects
1013:If the article meets our
863:: The world's most elite
522:related to the material.
34:For what Knowledge (XXG)
1258:enough facts to write a
1009:Otherwise, if deleting:
413:Potentially independent
410:You're writing about...
147:This page in a nutshell:
1160:policies and guidelines
603:Non-independent sources
597:policies and guidelines
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1289:Editorial independence
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917:indiscriminate sources
911:Indiscriminate sources
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325:nominated for deletion
265:editorial independence
156:Identifying and using
1132:There is technically
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1040:articles for deletion
828:ICMJE recommendations
760:Conflicts of interest
731:broadcast syndication
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492:multiple third-party
277:conflicts of interest
182:neutral point of view
40:Knowledge (XXG):About
1182:No original research
902:requires that it be
785:conflict of interest
733:. This also happens
577:conflict of interest
520:conflict of interest
1295:Independent sources
1134:a small distinction
548:a small distinction
406:
308:a directory listing
186:a directory listing
162:third-party sources
158:independent sources
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1352:Third-party-inline
1343:Relevant templates
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898:. The core policy
809:predatory journals
707:Syndicated stories
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921:point of interest
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416:Non-independent
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331:under criterion
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1234:peer review
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966:Third-party
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925:garage band
879:Daily Truth
793:astroturfed
678:Google News
674:spin doctor
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511:first-party
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318:third-party
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1270:using any
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1209:Notability
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896:notability
797:Covert ads
750:due weight
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682:DuckDuckGo
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1315:onesource
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432:a person
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150:accuracy.
99:Shortcuts
1431:31340971
1396:BMJ Open
1278:See also
1268:verified
1260:non-stub
1230:Reliable
1223:reliable
1020:Use the
986:preserve
904:possible
861:Mistaken
845:Outdated
766:Shortcut
713:Shortcut
651:Shortcut
609:Shortcut
569:verified
499:accuracy
392:Examples
292:literacy
273:yourself
243:Shortcut
1423:6661703
1246:Sources
990:merging
443:a city
399:primary
215:primary
114:WP:INDY
1256:verify
617:WP:NIS
386:vanity
251:WP:IIS
38:, see
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541:often
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107:WP:IS
1428:PMID
1412:ISSN
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1025:prod
883:Jedi
737:and
680:and
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382:bias
378:only
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971:or
756:.)
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