1353:(it isn't exactly what the reader expects). On the other hand, a singer's Berlin debut is in fact a debut in front of the audience of a given city, not just an appearance in a theater. This issue is compounded by the fact that some big cities have more than one opera house, for which we have separate articles (London, Berlin, and Paris) and that sometimes historical references are made to theaters which no longer exist.
569:"The University of Chicago Press recommends following a simple rule: In any language but English, capitalize only the words that should be capitalized in normal prose. For all the languages in question this means capitalizing the first word of the title and of the subtitle and of all proper nouns; in addition, it means capitalizing proper adjectives in Dutch and common nouns in German." (
92:
1389:"Historical" recordings should not be listed in an article unless they have been subsequently released under a reasonably well-known commercial label, e.g. Naxos Historical, Opera d'Oro, Myto, Testament Records, or Marston Records. It is recommended that where possible, references be provided for listings such as their appearance in books such as
382:(usually Russian in practice) are customarily listed under an English equivalent (a translation or a transliteration), without diacritics (diacritics can, however, be used in the body of the article). If necessary a redirect under the original title will point to the article with the English name. English names are also normally preferred for
38:
1255:
is available as an option for articles on individual operas. Horizontal, footer navboxes are available for most of the major opera composers which provide links to their other operas in chronological order. Where these footers are not available, the composer's other operas which have
Knowledge (XXG)
1380:
Chronological lists of operas (in articles and navigation boxes) are arranged by the date of first performance if the opera was first performed during the composer's lifetime, or shortly after his/her death. If the first performance was greatly after the composer's death, the date of composition is
1544:
can be appropriate, listing future schedules for singers, opera houses, and operas within articles is generally inappropriate when they relate to the standard repertoire of frequently performed operas. Future performances should only be mentioned in the text of the article if they are noteworthy,
1208:
When talking about singers, the opera world has the habit of referring to roles rather than the names of the opera, i.e. "she made her Met debut as Mimì and went on to sing Liù." This is a useful shorthand, but it is not entirely helpful for people new to opera. One way to clarify a potentially
1348:
It is a habit in the opera world to refer to performances at certain opera houses simply using the name of the city, ie Milan, Paris, New York, which is an indirect reference to La Scala, Opera
Garnier, or the Met. One can link the city name to the relevant city article, ie ] or pipe it to the
1195:
We then follow with biographical information, highlighting important operatic debuts and the roles most closely associated with the singer. If singers are still living, we refer to them in the present tense, but make clear that they are retired and indicate when they were active. Note that all
907:
We use the
English name of an opera house or an opera company if one exists and is used on the official website, otherwise we use the official name in the local language. In accordance with Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions, we adopt the shortest possible distinctive name, i.e.
1427:
basis in their articles. 'Fair use' images may only be acceptable in articles dealing directly with publications, recordings etc. or in articles whose subjects are deceased and therefore there is no possibility of providing a free equivalent. However, note that according to
1498:
When it comes to anecdotes, influences on pop culture, and other peripheral content or "trivia", information should only be included in opera articles if it is likely to be of interest to a typical reader of the article. Examples of content which almost always
1245:
The use of infoboxes is neither required nor prohibited for any article. Whether to include an infobox, which infobox to include, and which parts of the infobox to use, is determined through discussion and consensus among the editors at each individual
1129:", or (in translation) "Near to the walls of Seville" or as the "Seguidilla". We recommend referring to the first line in the original language, followed by the popular title (if there is one) or English translation. Thus "
1151:
We have found that the following formula for the introduction works well for opera singers: Their name in bold, dates of birth and death in parentheses, nationality, voice type, career span, closely associated roles. e.g.
1096:
as well as covering the world premiere and significant premieres in other countries, may indicate the popularity of the work and the regularity with which it is performed (in the world as whole) – as appropriate.
1110:
are given as: Herodes, Herodias, Salome, Jochanaan, Narraboth, the page of
Herodias, first Jew, second Jew (etc.), first Nazarene, second Nazarene (etc.), first soldier, second soldier, a Cappadocian, a slave.
222:
970:
Established articles should not be moved to new titles without prior discussion on their talk page. If in doubt about the desirability/feasibility of re-naming an article, the issue can also be raised on the
1104:
The norm when listing or referring to roles is to give proper names in their original form (in whatever language), while translating the others into
English. For example the roles in Richard Strauss's
1413:. Under this arrangement the holder (who would be credited) retains the copyright of the work, but grants permission to others to freely use and publish the image, even for commercial purposes. See
1169:
who from 1847 until his retirement in 1863 sang leading roles throughout Italy, as well as in London, Madrid, Paris, and New York. He is most remembered today for creating the role of
Manrico in
1012:
Articles may be divided into an introduction, performance history, list of roles, synopsis, recordings, and references/sources – as appropriate to the opera. An example of this arrangement is
954:) we need separate articles. Moreover, there are cases where the history of the theatre as well as the company are extensive and complex. In these cases, two articles are called for (e.g.
579:
The following examples demonstrate how non-English titles are rendered using the above style. (Note that in the case of French opera titles, this style may differ from the one used by the
996:
161:
1339:
If there is any doubt about the nationality of an individual, we should be inclusive and use a double designation (e.g. Anglo-German etc.) both in the introduction and in the categories.
855:(1) If the name of the opera has already been used (e.g. for an article on a mythological deity or a play etc), the word opera should be added to the title in parentheses. For example:
1452:
587:
For
Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese opera titles, only the first word and any proper nouns (names of particular people or places) in that language are capitalised, e.g.
1397:
be listed. These recordings are made surreptitiously during performances or recorded off-air and are blatant copyright violations, often with poor or erroneous documentation.
231:
1333:
Nationality should refer to national identity, in other words the national group with which the person identified, not the state of which the person was a citizen or subject.
321:, the title will be automatically italicised. For operas where a navbox is unavailable (normally because we have less than three articles by that composer), add the template
176:
868:(2) If there are two (or more) operas with the same title, subsequent articles on operas of the same name take the name(s) of the composer(s) in parentheses. For example:
1219:
166:
1047:, etc.), the number of acts, the composer, librettist, language of the libretto, source of the libretto (when based on another work), and the date of the premiere e.g.
1336:
Nationality should not be anachronistic/retrospective, i.e. for historic figures it should not be defined by present-day borders and states, but by contemporary ones.
1545:
e.g. a rarely performed opera, a world premiere, or a significant role debut for a singer. In all cases, the planned performance should carry an inline citation.
1487:
1483:
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We welcome contributions of good quality photographs for articles about operas, singers and composers etc. Images must either be already in the public domain
1418:
983:. If an article is moved, the associated navigation template must also be updated and each page containing it refreshed. (To refresh a page, you can make a
372:
217:
212:
505:
1414:
1356:
A special note regarding London. The opera world customarily refers to the main opera house there as Covent Garden. However, the
Knowledge (XXG) article
1393:. "Unofficial" recordings, i.e. bootleg or pirate recordings available from sellers such as House of Opera, Premiere Opera, Opera Heaven, etc., should
171:
1297:
841:
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541:
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1018:.) A navigation box may be provided on the upper right of the page to enable easy navigation to other operas by the same composer (see the
197:
371:. These articles should mention the name in the original language, and a redirect from the original language title should be created. See
67:
1455:. Fair use images and other media cannot be used for purely decorative purposes and they must be closely tied to the article text. See
972:
273:
255:
202:
1302:
1557:
276:. Like all recommendations, they should be used with common sense and if necessary adapted for the needs of particular articles.
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1364:
is the name of the article, and that is what needs to be linked. A reasonable solution is to refer to them both, ie: " at the
935:
Although an opera house and an opera company may be separate legal entities, we often treat them as one for convenience (e.g.
333:
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17:
1143:" (Woman is fickle). It is preferable to incorporate such highlights in the synopsis rather than list them out of context.
1437:
511:
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272:. These recommendations have been developed over the years via consensus of the project's members through discussions on
1540:
While the addition of an external link to schedules for a particular singer, composer or opera on a reputable site like
1119:
Individual 'numbers' from operas are often referred to in different ways. For example, the song and duet from act 1 of
71:
50:
1479:
Galleries, i.e. collections of fair use material, whether visual or audio, are not permitted under any circumstances.
896:
691:
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308:
1078:, after the famous comedy of the same name written for the 1756 Venetian Carnival by the great Venetian playwright,
1562:
943:
1309:
The following archives document some past Opera
Project infobox discussions from the earliest to the most recent:
878:
is the one by
Rossini. (Normally, the first article to be created is also on the opera that is more well-known.)
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case in that language). This is the style used not only by the major opera reference works above but also by the
1282:
681:
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56:
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this test are: songs, albums, video games, TV shows, or movies that reference the opera. Examples of content
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and detailed information as to source and possible copyright holder must be provided as well as a suitable
976:
924:. However, in some cases we have to disambiguate: there is more than one Teatro Regio in Italy, so we have
413:
When listing operas by their original language title (provided that language uses the Latin alphabet), the
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1251:
1209:
unfamiliar role to its opera is to use the formula ] providing a link to the opera through the role name.
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483:
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relevant opera house, ie ]. The latter solution seems elegant except its violates the Wikie principle of
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The nationality of composers, singers etc. has sometimes been controversial. Here are three guidelines:
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is the opera by Alwyn. The various works should also be listed on a disambiguation page, in this case
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should be included whenever possible to make the articles as accessible as possible using the code:
552:. That is, capitalize the title as if it were normal prose in that language (not necessarily normal
1532:
The use of spoiler tags before synopsis/plot summaries is regarded as unnecessary and distracting.
46:
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The name of the opera is normally the name of the article. However, in order to avoid ambiguity:
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For German opera titles the first word and all nouns (and only the nouns) are capitalised, e.g.
1409:
have written permission from the photographers (or copyright holders) to release them under a
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articles on living singers must be meticuoulously referenced per Knowledge (XXG)'s policy on
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When a title is given in English, capitalize the first word and all major words e.g.
1520:
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999:
page has more detailed guidelines and suggested examples. Below is a quick guide.
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The names of works, and other terms, not in English, should be marked up with the
389:
Nevertheless most operas are performed in English-speaking countries under their
1238:
375:
for a list of operas commonly known by English names and their original titles.
349:
of operas for article names and in articles when it is common convention (e.g.
1472:
883:
1029:
is normally in the present tense, and should begin with the opera's title in
1263:
If an infobox is used for opera singer and other opera-related biographies,
1100:
When available, it is helpful to include the cast at the premiere(s) in the
958:
Covent Garden (London), which has more than 200 years of mixed history, and
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However, when an opera company is associated with two or more houses (e.g.
59:
on how to format and present article content within their area of interest.
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1044:
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is on the neighborhood of London of that name, not the opera house. The
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Infoboxes § Using infoboxes in articles
1185:
861:
270:
general advice for writing, structuring, and formatting opera articles
91:
870:
1410:
1166:
1063:
1036:
497:. All of these alternatives, however, should exist as redirects.
1256:
articles can be added in a collapsed list in Infobox opera. See
844:
is a formal, public page which summarizes the guidelines above.
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1381:
used. Non-chronological lists should be in alphabetical order.
1447:
When adding an image or audio file under 'fair use', detailed
1423:
Regrettably we are unable to use photos of living people on a
32:
1541:
503:
should follow the style used in the most recent editions of
1035:(with English translation where appropriate), the genre (
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for an example of appropriate fair use audio files and
1222:
for how to categorize opera and opera-related articles.
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An example combining guidelines (1) and (2) would be:
405:) and English titles for them should not be invented.
939:). This facilitates writing articles on singers etc.
859:refers to the work by Verdi to distinguish it from
425:in the original language should be preserved, e.g.
55:It contains the advice or opinions of one or more
386:operas unless the title is a simple proper name.
1298:Classical Music Project – Biographical infoboxes
1273:which was designed for non-classical musicians.
367:). This reflects the Knowledge (XXG) convention
1432:, images copyrighted to press agencies such as
1419:Knowledge (XXG):Requesting copyright permission
1415:Knowledge (XXG):Donating copyrighted materials
1022:on the project's main page for more details).
1476:for examples of appropriate fair use images.
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1303:Composers Project – Biographical infoboxes
1293:Knowledge (XXG):Disinfoboxes: a refutation
1288:Knowledge (XXG):Disinfoboxes can be Useful
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1325:Nationality in biographical articles
1165:(1825–1883) was an Italian operatic
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223:Frequently performed opera composers
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369:use English in titles when possible
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285:Italics in opera article titles
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517:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
501:Capitalization of opera titles
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512:New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1283:Knowledge (XXG):Disinfoboxes
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1132:Près des remparts de Séville
1126:Près des remparts de Séville
1486:page, and particularly the
1115:Arias, duets, choruses etc.
1003:Articles on specific operas
946:which performs at both the
897:Miss Julie (disambiguation)
891:is the opera by Rorem, and
874:is the opera by Verdi, and
865:, the play by Shakespeare.
822:should have redirects from
774:should have redirects from
692:Veinticinco de agosto, 1983
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573:, 14th ed. (1993), p. 320)
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1147:Articles on opera singers
1558:WikiProject style advice
1135:" (The Seguidilla) and "
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682:Florencia en el Amazonas
622:Les mamelles de Tirésias
1258:Infobox opera Example 3
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973:Opera Project talk page
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642:Les contes d'Hoffmann
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364:The Barber of Seville
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602:Ugo, conte di Parigi
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889:Miss Julie (opera)
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1362:Royal Opera House
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