Knowledge (XXG)

:Quotations - Knowledge (XXG)

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106: 893:, the quotation of 400 words from a 500-page book were ruled to be infringement. The Court reasoned that publishing those 400 words before the book was available for sale significantly damaged the value of the entire book because the 400 words contained highly controversial breaking news. For this reason, Knowledge (XXG) should not publish quotations from books that have not yet been published. Editors are advised to exercise good judgment and to remain mindful that while brief excerpts are permitted by 738:
appropriate context in the surrounding text. A summary or paraphrase of a quotation is often better where the original wording could be improved. Consider minimizing the length of a quotation by paraphrasing, by working small portions of the quotation into the article text, or both. Provided each use of a quotation within an article is legitimate and justified, there is no need for an arbitrary limit but quotations should not dominate the article.
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that they may need to review the original source for the particulars, which may be more meaningful in their original context. It is also a good-faith way to help other editors assessing the article to decide whether they need to examine this contextualization (whether by integration, compression of verbiage, or dropping of details) exhibits correct source interpretation and no
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and to provide clear attribution of the quoted material to the original author(s). At a minimum, the text must be attributed and given a footnote or a link to the original text must be provided. For copyrighted material, see below. For copyright-free and public domain material, longer quotations than
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This post-modernist attitude to art and life can be expressed in the truth-info-fact maxim, that a widely held but unproven "truth", which may have a rich history of philosophical interpretation, may lose its intellectual value by the time research has reduced it to a mere fact, which may be verified
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of the work being quoted and a long quotation should not be used where a shorter quotation would express the same information. What constitutes a substantial portion depends on many factors, such as the length of the original work, and the importance and relevance of the quoted text to that work. In
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Note that the (optional) relocation of the citation in the final and much less direct examples indicates that the source is certain but that the wording is Knowledge (XXG)'s summarization of, and/or integration with other, source material. This is a courtesy to any readers doing research, signaling
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them. Quotations embody the breezy, emotive style common in fiction and some journalism, which is generally not suited to encyclopedic writing. Long quotations crowd the actual article and distract attention from other information. Many direct quotations can be minimized in length by providing an
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policy, biased statements of opinion can only be presented with attribution. Quotations are the simplest form of attribution. Editors of controversial subjects should quote the actual spoken or written words to refer to the most controversial ideas. Controversial ideas must never appear to be
124:—provide information directly; quoting a brief excerpt from an original source can sometimes explain things better and less controversially than trying to explain them in one's own words. This page sets out guidelines for using quotations in Knowledge (XXG) articles, from a 240:
in 2015, reporting that: "The gene we have isolated is almost certainly responsible for triggering embryonic differentiation of the cells that eventually become the mammalian cochlea." Although awaiting further testing to confirm it beyond the
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such quotations are acceptable as long as they are limited in extent, particularly if they comment on the attitudes of the user in question. Because the claim of fair use is weaker, the restrictions on extent must be more strictly enforced.
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Quotations must always be clearly identified as such using double quotation marks ("quoted text") for quotations shorter than about 40 words. For quotations longer than 40 words, use the HTML tag <blockquote:
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treatment of a controversial subject into Knowledge (XXG) articles; be very careful. We encourage the inclusion and use of all reliable sources—including biased ones—but biased and point-of-view (POV) content
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Dave Generic's wife Davina said, "Poor Dave's been so busy this week, he's been chasing gangsters from Norwich to Truro and he hasn't had a day off since January. He deserves a pay rise." might be elided to:
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allegations, FooBarCo executive Pat Chung issued a statement that "Our entire legal department reviewed the plan before launch; they were certain then and now that it raises no racketeering red-flags of any
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Quotations shouldn't replace plain, concise text. Intersperse quotations with original prose that comments on those quotations instead of constructing articles using quotations with little or no original
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Quotations should be representative of the whole source document; editors should be very careful not to quote material out of context to avoid misrepresenting the meanings and intentions of the source.
417:(NPOV) policy requires editors to avoid biasing content in a direction that is different from that of the original source, whether by censorship, omission, neutralization/neutering or overemphasis. 617:
Trivial spelling or typographical errors that do not affect the intended meaning may be silently corrected. Unexpected errors, imperfections and styles can be marked with " " using the template
266:"Stated", "said", and "wrote" imply a fairly direct paraphrase, of a specific party (how direct may depend on whether the original material is creative or hypothesizing, versus purely factual): 480:, which has optional parameters to include citations. Both of these methods set text apart from non-quoted material. You don't need to add quotation marks when using the <blockquote: --> 374:. Attribution should be provided in the text of the article, not exclusively in a footnote or citation. Readers should not have to follow a footnote to find out the quotation's source. 593:
Quotations should generally be worked into the article text to avoid interrupting the pace, flow and organization of the article. Longer quotations may need to be set apart using the
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Unlike fair-use images, quotations are permitted on talk pages and project pages where they are useful for discussion but the requirements listed above should still be observed.
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parameter is used to add a quote to the citation itself. Consider adding quoted material to the referenced citation directly, rather than adding the quoted text to the article.
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Quotations that present rhetorical language in place of the neutral, dispassionate tone preferred for encyclopedias can be an underhanded method of inserting a
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Quote boxes should generally be avoided as they draw attention to the opinion of one source as though Knowledge (XXG) endorses it, which may violate the
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Do not put quotations in italics unless the quoted material would otherwise call for italics, such as for emphasis and the use of non-English words (see
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Yes: usually an unedited, exact reproduction of the original source, with any alterations (such as corrections or abridgements) clearly marked as such
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allegations, executive Pat Chung stated that FooBarCo's legal department had reviewed the plan for any possible violations of the law, and found none.
611:. Long quotations may also be hidden in the reference or as a footnote to facilitate verification by other editors without sacrificing readability. 1024: 875: 234:
A McMaster University research team lead by geneticist Sam D. McNabb, working with embryos from seven different species, published a paper in
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It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Knowledge (XXG) contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of
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Any alterations to quoted material must be clearly marked. Use square brackets for elided text or for added emphasis. Examples:
397:) template for a few days. If no-one provides a citation and you can't find one yourself, feel free to delete the quoted text. 980: 537:
For information about the use of punctuation with quotations, including the use of quotation marks within quotations, see the
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Unsourced quotations may be removed at any time; however, a good-faith search for a source before removal is appreciated (see
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Police officer Dave Generic said, "Never in my life have I ever seen such a scruffy bunch of hoodlums" might be elided thus:
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scheduled for 2016, the study concluded that "a different gene for this in monotremes or marsupials is highly improbable".
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be reliably sourced and POV language must be quoted and attributed, rather than stated in Knowledge (XXG)'s voice. Our
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Square brackets are also used to indicate an ellipsis (...) that is not part of the original material; for example:
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Verbatim text, enclosed by quotation marks or set off by other formatting elements (such as block-indenting)
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Although quoting involves copying another writer's work without permission, it is generally permitted under
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The quotation must be useful and aid understanding of the subject; irrelevant quotations should be removed.
860: 129: 455:). Indicate whether italics were used in the original text or whether they were added later. For example: 1046:
Oscar Wilde. "A Few Maxims For The Instruction Of The Over-Educated". First published anonymously in the
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paper that they have likely isolated the gene that triggers embryonic cochlear cell differentiation, in
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to identify an error in the original source that has not been introduced by a Knowledge (XXG) editor.
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According to Bob Jones, "PC Dave Generic said the alien spacecraft 'was a very unusual thing to behold
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template can be used in Knowledge (XXG) articles to indicate there are relevant quotes at Wikiquote.
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Dave Generic's wife Davina said, "Poor Dave's been so busy this week  he deserves a pay rise". (see
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A special case is the use of quotations purely for interest or decorative purposes on user pages.
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paper announced in 2015 the identification of the gene thought to initiate cochlear development.
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Fair use does not need to be invoked for public domain works or text that is available under a
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material, use of quotation marks is not required by copyright but they must be used to avoid
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of the original source is faithfully preserved, but is restated with different words
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Yes: quote marks or formatting clearly indicate where the quotation begins and ends
77:. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints. 749:: it is presented visually on the page but its relevance is not explained anywhere; 621: 608: 1118: 674: 284: 242: 220: 114: 311:
allegations, FooBarCo indicated that its legal department had cleared the plan.
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ruled that the right of first publication is a particularly strong right. See
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Using too many quotations is incompatible with the encyclopedic writing style.
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to facilitate verification by other editors without sacrificing readability.
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Other less precise words usually have a less strict interpretation (but see
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Police officer Dave Generic said, " seen such a scruffy bunch of hoodlums".
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While quotations are an indispensable part of Knowledge (XXG), try not to
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When using a unique phrase or term created by a given author. For example
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For quote marks in immediate succession, add a sliver of space by using
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Square brackets are also used to identify added emphasis. For example:
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Knowledge (XXG):Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources
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If you're quoting material that includes a quotation of its own, use
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guidelines. Extensive quotation of copyrighted text is prohibited.
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In some instances, quotations are preferred to text. For example:
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quotation marks to identify the internal quotation. For example:
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on a source, but rephrased in Knowledge (XXG) editors' own words
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quotations are used to explain a point that can be paraphrased;
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No: paraphrases are not distinguished from the running text
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policy but they must be used with care. Quotations must be
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This case involved first publication of former President
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Both quotations and paraphrases must be supported with a
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witticism "The unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable".
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Now cracks a noble heart. Good night sweet prince: And
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Long quotations may be hidden in the reference as a
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like this around quoted material</blockquote: -->
614:To identify emphasis in the original source, use . 219:This attitude to art and life can be summarized by 360:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability § Burden of evidence 1104:, by Karl E. Beckson, p. 306 citing act one of 986:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style#Quotation marks 755:the quotations dominate the article or section. 457: 859:When copyrighted text must be quoted, see the 433:" of copyrighted material may often be used. 343:Quotations are a good way to comply with the 8: 1084: 1082: 1042: 1040: 936:Template:Citation Style documentation/quote 362:). Knowledge (XXG) guidelines for proper 277:A Canadian research team wrote in a 2015 139: 71:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1036: 1025:Category:Articles with unsourced quotes 1131:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises 1062: 1060: 1058: 890:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises 878:, fair-use quotation has limitations: 811:Avoid stand-alone quote sections; use 579:According to Horatio in Shakespeare's 304:yet excised from its cultural context. 1121:'s account of his decision to pardon 897:, extensive quotations are forbidden. 874:rules in the United States. However, 7: 882:The copied material should not be a 876:as is the case with fair-use images 245:used in the research to date, with 120:Quotations—often informally called 1127:Supreme Court of the United States 981:Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing 75:thoroughly vetted by the community 25: 837:Copyrighted material and fair use 297:WP:Manual of Style/Words to watch 190:Does it use formatting elements? 44: 38:Essay on editing Knowledge (XXG) 976:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 327:original analysis or synthesis 1: 539:Manual of Style: "Quotations" 1102:Wilde: the critical heritage 745:a quotation is used without 366:of quotations are found in 141:Quotations vs. paraphrases 136:Comparison with paraphrases 1166: 1133:for details and citations. 991:Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism 933: 840: 763: 726: 687: 634: 440: 336: 82: 26: 830:linking within quotations 589:sing thee to thy rest!" . 1106:A Woman of No Importance 760:Specific recommendations 429:would be allowed under " 287:and probably throughout 109:A quotation posted near 1008:Template:Over-quotation 903:All quotations must be 609:HTML blockquote element 463:sing thee to thy rest! 420:For copyright-free and 1150:Knowledge (XXG) essays 741:Overuse happens when: 465: 117: 828:Be conservative when 806:neutral point of view 659:controversial subject 415:neutral point of view 337:Further information: 262:Paraphrasing examples 175:Is it verbatim text? 130:copyright perspective 108: 73:, as it has not been 18:Knowledge (XXG):QUOTE 1052:of 17 November 1894. 970:Administration pages 668:from Knowledge (XXG) 657:When dealing with a 481:tag or the template 345:no original research 289:the zoological class 1013:Template:Long quote 884:substantial portion 453:the Manual of Style 307:In response to the 270:In response to the 226:In response to the 142: 128:, formatting and a 111:Henry David Thoreau 930:In-citation quotes 887:one extreme case, 333:General guidelines 214:Quotation examples 140: 118: 907:to their sources. 799:original research 587:flights of angels 461:flights of angels 391:"citation needed" 285:placental mammals 243:placental mammals 200: 199: 103: 102: 16:(Redirected from 1157: 1134: 1115: 1109: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1077: 1064: 1053: 1044: 943: 865:non-free content 853: 824: 818: 776: 729:Non-free content 721: 714: 707: 700: 647: 626: 620: 606: 600: 533: 525: 517: 505: 490: 484: 479: 473: 470:or the template 389:, you can use a 143: 95: 48: 47: 41: 21: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1116: 1112: 1108:by Oscar Wilde. 1099: 1095: 1089: 1080: 1067: 1056: 1049:Saturday Review 1045: 1038: 1033: 964:Block quotation 950: 941: 938: 932: 857: 856: 849: 845: 839: 822: 816: 780: 779: 772: 768: 762: 731: 725: 724: 717: 710: 703: 696: 692: 686: 663:WP:ATTRIBUTEPOV 651: 650: 643: 639: 633: 631:Recommended use 624: 618: 604: 598: 527: 519: 511: 503: 488: 482: 477: 471: 449: 439: 356:reliable source 341: 335: 264: 249:experiments on 216: 208:reliable source 138: 99: 98: 91: 87: 79: 78: 61:policy and the 45: 39: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1163: 1161: 1153: 1152: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1110: 1093: 1087: 1078: 1065: 1054: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1003:Template:Quote 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 967: 966: 961: 949: 946: 931: 928: 909: 908: 901: 898: 855: 854: 846: 841: 838: 835: 834: 833: 826: 809: 802: 795: 788: 784: 778: 777: 769: 764: 761: 758: 757: 756: 753: 750: 723: 722: 719:WP:OVERQUOTING 715: 708: 701: 693: 688: 685: 682: 679: 678: 671: 649: 648: 640: 635: 632: 629: 591: 590: 573: 572: 571: 570: 555: 554: 553: 552: 508: 507: 438: 435: 334: 331: 322: 321: 312: 305: 293: 292: 275: 263: 260: 259: 258: 232: 224: 215: 212: 198: 197: 194: 191: 187: 186: 179: 176: 172: 171: 164: 161: 157: 156: 151: 146: 137: 134: 101: 100: 97: 96: 88: 83: 80: 68: 67: 51: 49: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1162: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123:Richard Nixon 1120: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 972: 971: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 954: 947: 945: 940:A citation's 937: 929: 927: 925: 920: 917: 912: 906: 902: 899: 896: 892: 891: 885: 881: 880: 879: 877: 873: 868: 866: 862: 852: 848: 847: 844: 836: 831: 827: 821: 815:instead. The 814: 810: 807: 803: 800: 796: 793: 789: 785: 782: 781: 775: 771: 770: 767: 759: 754: 751: 748: 744: 743: 742: 739: 736: 730: 720: 716: 713: 712:WP:QUOTECRUFT 709: 706: 702: 699: 695: 694: 691: 683: 681: 676: 675:Oscar Wilde's 672: 669: 664: 661:. As per the 660: 656: 655: 654: 646: 642: 641: 638: 630: 628: 623: 615: 612: 610: 603: 596: 588: 584: 583: 578: 577: 576: 569:for details), 568: 564: 563: 560: 559: 558: 550: 549: 547: 546: 545: 542: 540: 535: 531: 523: 515: 501: 500: 499: 497: 492: 487: 476: 464: 462: 456: 454: 448: 444: 436: 434: 432: 427: 423: 422:public domain 418: 416: 412: 407: 402: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 350: 346: 340: 332: 330: 328: 319: 318: 313: 310: 306: 302: 301: 300: 298: 290: 286: 282: 281: 276: 273: 269: 268: 267: 261: 256: 252: 248: 244: 239: 238: 233: 229: 225: 222: 218: 217: 213: 211: 209: 205: 195: 192: 189: 188: 184: 180: 177: 174: 173: 169: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 144: 135: 133: 131: 127: 123: 116: 113:'s cabin at 112: 107: 94: 90: 89: 86: 81: 76: 72: 66: 64: 60: 56: 50: 43: 42: 34: 30: 19: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1047: 1018: 1017: 996: 995: 969: 968: 952: 951: 939: 921: 916:By consensus 913: 910: 888: 883: 869: 858: 851:WP:COPYQUOTE 774:WP:LONGQUOTE 740: 734: 732: 705:WP:QUOTEFARM 680: 652: 616: 613: 592: 586: 580: 574: 556: 543: 536: 509: 495: 493: 466: 460: 458: 450: 419: 410: 403: 399: 394: 379:WP:UNSOURCED 376: 342: 323: 315: 294: 278: 265: 235: 201: 182: 167: 160:Definitions 121: 119: 52: 33:WP:FOOTQUOTE 1119:Gerald Ford 792:WP:FOOTNOTE 727:Main page: 645:WP:QUOTEUSE 567:WP:ELLIPSIS 406:non-neutral 383:WP:PRESERVE 368:WP:MOSQUOTE 364:attribution 154:Paraphrases 115:Walden Pond 53:This is an 1125:, and the 934:See also: 905:attributed 861:plagiarism 747:pertinence 447:WP:CONFORM 441:See also: 437:Formatting 426:plagiarism 352:attributed 349:verifiably 149:Quotations 65:guideline. 997:Templates 959:Wikiquote 820:Wikiquote 813:Wikiquote 797:To avoid 690:Shortcuts 597:template 29:MOS:QUOTE 1144:Category 1019:Category 953:Articles 948:See also 924:CC BY-SA 872:fair use 843:Shortcut 766:Shortcut 637:Shortcut 595:wikitext 443:WP:COMMA 431:fair use 309:RICO Act 272:RICO Act 251:platypus 247:cochlear 228:RICO Act 204:citation 181:No: the 93:WP:QUOTE 85:Shortcut 942:|quote= 808:policy. 735:overuse 684:Overuse 607:or the 372:WP:CITE 255:wallaby 183:meaning 57:on the 1100:Oscar 895:policy 787:prose. 582:Hamlet 496:single 395:{{cn}} 387:WP:BLP 317:Nature 280:Nature 237:Nature 231:kind." 122:quotes 1031:Notes 698:WP:OQ 602:Quote 530:" ' " 526:, or 486:quote 475:Quote 358:(see 354:to a 221:Wilde 206:to a 168:based 166:Text 126:style 55:essay 863:and 445:and 411:must 381:and 370:and 253:and 622:sic 522:' " 514:" ' 468:--> 1146:: 1081:^ 1068:^ 1057:^ 1039:^ 823:}} 817:{{ 670:". 625:}} 619:{{ 605:}} 599:{{ 541:. 534:. 532:}} 528:{{ 524:}} 520:{{ 518:, 516:}} 512:{{ 506:". 491:. 489:}} 483:{{ 478:}} 472:{{ 329:. 314:A 210:. 132:. 832:. 666:" 504:' 393:( 291:. 35:. 20:)

Index

Knowledge (XXG):QUOTE
MOS:QUOTE
WP:FOOTQUOTE
essay
"Knowledge (XXG) is not an indiscriminate collection of information"
"Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources"
Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
thoroughly vetted by the community
Shortcut
WP:QUOTE

Henry David Thoreau
Walden Pond
style
copyright perspective
Quotations
Paraphrases
citation
reliable source
Wilde
RICO Act
Nature
placental mammals
cochlear
platypus
wallaby
RICO Act
Nature
placental mammals
the zoological class

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