Knowledge (XXG)

:Verifiability - Knowledge (XXG)

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2314:: "Unlike most books and journal articles, which undergo strict editorial review before publication, much of the information on the Web is self-published. To be sure, there are many websites in which you can have confidence: mainstream newspapers, refereed electronic journals, and university, library, and government collections of data. But for vast amounts of Web-based information, no impartial reviewers have evaluated the accuracy or fairness of such material before it's made instantly available across the globe." 1345:. However, because this project is in English, English-language sources are preferred over non-English ones when they are available and of equal quality and relevance. As with sources in English, if a dispute arises involving a citation to a non-English source, editors may request a quotation of relevant portions of the original source be provided, either in text, in a footnote, or on the article talk page. (See 2279:, WikiEN-l, May 16, 2006: "I can NOT emphasize this enough. There seems to be a terrible bias among some editors that some sort of random speculative 'I heard it somewhere' pseudo information is to be tagged with a 'needs a cite' tag. Wrong. It should be removed, aggressively, unless it can be sourced. This is true of all information, but it is particularly true of negative information about living persons." 55: 1020: 2292:(those without a conflict of interest) validating the reliability of the content. Further examples of self-published sources include press releases, the material contained within company websites, advertising campaigns, material published in media by the owner(s)/publisher(s) of the media group, self-released music albums, and electoral 118: 1378:
translations. When using a machine translation of source material, editors should be reasonably certain that the translation is accurate and the source is appropriate. Editors should not rely upon machine translations of non-English sources in contentious articles or biographies of living people. If needed, ask
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states: "Most pages found in general search engines for the web are self-published or published by businesses small and large with motives to get you to buy something or believe a point of view. Even within university and library web sites, there can be many pages that the institution does not try to
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When tagging or removing such material, please keep in mind such edits can easily be misunderstood. Some editors object to others making chronic, frequent, and large-scale deletions of unsourced information, especially if unaccompanied by other efforts to improve the material. Do not concentrate only
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Do not reject reliable sources just because they are difficult or costly to access. Some reliable sources are not easily accessible. For example, an online source may require payment, and a print-only source may be available only through libraries. Rare historical sources may even be available only
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at para. 91) "A wise man... proportions his belief to the evidence... That no testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle, unless the testimony is of such a kind, that its falsehood would be more miraculous, than the fact, which it endeavors to establish; and even in that case there is a mutual
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An exception is allowed when Knowledge (XXG) itself is being discussed in the article. These may cite an article, guideline, discussion, statistic, or other content from Knowledge (XXG) (or a sister project) to support a statement about Knowledge (XXG). Knowledge (XXG) or the sister project is a
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Any material lacking an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the material may be removed and should not be restored without an inline citation to a reliable source. Whether and how quickly material should be initially removed for not having an inline citation to a reliable
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Once an editor has provided any source they believe, in good faith, to be sufficient, then any editor who later removes the material must articulate specific problems that would justify its exclusion from Knowledge (XXG) (e.g. why the source is unreliable; the source does not support the claim;
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If you quote a non-English reliable source (whether in the main text or in a footnote), a translation into English should accompany the quote. Translations published by reliable sources are preferred over translations by Wikipedians, but translations by Wikipedians are preferred over machine
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Claims contradicted by the prevailing view within the relevant community or that would significantly alter mainstream assumptions—especially in science, medicine, history, politics, and biographies of living and recently dead people. This is especially true when proponents say there is a
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Readers must be able to check that any of the information within Knowledge (XXG) articles is not just made up. This means all material must be attributable to reliable, published sources. Additionally, quotations and any material challenged or likely to be challenged must be supported by
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tag as an interim step. When tagging or removing material for lacking an inline citation, please state your concern that it may not be possible to find a published reliable source, and the material therefore may not be verifiable. If you think the material is verifiable,
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Such sources include websites and publications expressing views widely considered by other sources to be promotional, extremist, or relying heavily on unsubstantiated gossip, rumor, or personal opinion. Questionable sources should be used only as sources for material on
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When there is a dispute as to whether a piece of text is fully supported by a given source, direct quotes and other relevant details from the source should be provided to other editors as a courtesy. Do not violate the source's copyright when doing
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The original text is usually included with the translated text in articles when translated by Wikipedians, and the translating editor is usually not cited. When quoting any material, whether in English or in some other language, be careful not to
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materials are not considered reliable. Use sources that directly support the material presented in an article and are appropriate to the claims made. The appropriateness of any source depends on the context. Be especially careful when sourcing
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The cited source must clearly support the material as presented in the article. Cite the source clearly, ideally giving page number(s)—though sometimes a section, chapter, or other division may be appropriate instead; see
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The work itself (the article, book: "That book looks like a useful source for this article.") and works like it ("An obituary can be a useful biographical source", "A recent source is better than an old
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The creator of the work (the writer, journalist: "What do we know about that source's reputation?") and people like them ("A medical researcher is a better source than a journalist for medical claims").
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source depends on the material and the overall state of the article. In some cases, editors may object if you remove material without giving them time to provide references. Consider adding a
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have a professional structure for checking or analyzing facts, legal issues, evidence, and arguments. The greater the degree of scrutiny given to these issues, the more reliable the source.
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is often a specific portion of text (such as a short article or a page in a book). But when editors discuss sources (for example, to debate their appropriateness or reliability) the word
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The publication (for example, the newspaper, journal, magazine: "That source covers the arts.") and publications like them ("A newspaper is not a reliable source for medical claims").
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in a blog, attribute the statement to the writer, e.g. "Jane Smith wrote..." Never use the blog comments that are left by the readers as sources. For personal or group blogs that are
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are Knowledge (XXG)'s core content policies. They work together to determine content, so editors should understand the key points of all three. Articles must also comply with the
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Do not plagiarize or breach copyright when using sources. Summarize source material in your own words as much as possible; when quoting or closely paraphrasing a source, use an
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destruction of arguments, and the superior only gives us an assurance suitable to that degree of force, which remains, after deducting the inferior." In the 18th century,
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or publications relying on material from Knowledge (XXG) as sources. Content from a Knowledge (XXG) article is not considered reliable unless it is backed up by citing
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asking for a source, or move the material to the talk page and ask for a source there. To request verification that a reference supports the text, tag it with
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to the prominence of each view. Tiny-minority views need not be included, except in articles devoted to them. If there is a disagreement between sources, use
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or removed. It helps other editors to explain your rationale for using templates to tag material in the template, edit summary, or on the talk page.
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Do not use articles from Knowledge (XXG) (whether English Knowledge (XXG) or Wikipedias in other languages) as sources, since Knowledge (XXG) is a
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postings are largely not acceptable as sources. Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established
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states, "Any site that does not have a specific publisher or sponsoring body should be treated as unpublished or self-published work."
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to a reliable published source. This means a reliable published source must exist for it, whether or not it is cited in the article.
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in special museum collections and archives. If you have trouble accessing a source, others may be able to do so on your behalf (see
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This includes material such as documents in publicly accessible archives as well as inscriptions in plain sight, e.g. tombstones.
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Any material that needs an inline citation but does not have one may be removed. Please immediately remove contentious material
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Questionable sources are those that have a poor reputation for checking the facts, lack meaningful editorial oversight, or
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reformulated the idea as "The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness."
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Reports of a statement by someone that seems out of character or against an interest they had previously defended;
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sources can be found on a topic, Knowledge (XXG) should not have an article on it (i.e., the topic is not
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may determine that certain information does not improve an article. Such information should be omitted or
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Editors may also use material from reliable non-academic sources, particularly if it appears in respected
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journals are considered questionable due to the absence of quality control in the peer-review process.
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If you want to request an inline citation for an unsourced statement, you can tag a sentence with the
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This policy also applies to material made public by the source on social networking websites such as
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about living people, even if the author is an expert, well-known professional researcher, or writer.
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publications are usually the most reliable sources on topics such as history, medicine, and science.
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are appropriate in some cases, relying on them can be problematic. For more information, see the
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Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources#Self-published and questionable sources as sources on themselves
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This principle was previously expressed on this policy page as "the threshold for inclusion is
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leave unsourced or poorly sourced material in an article if it might damage the reputation of
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Knowledge (XXG):Biographies of living persons#Using the subject as a self-published source
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The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material
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policy (NOR) is closely related to the Verifiability policy. Among its requirements are:
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or existing groups, and do not move it to the talk page. You should also be aware of how
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on material of a particular point of view, as that may appear to be a contravention of
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It may be that the article contains so few citations it is impractical to add specific
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in the source, so that using this source to support the material is not a violation of
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A source "directly supports" a given piece of material if the information is present
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Surprising or apparently important claims not covered by multiple mainstream sources;
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recast it again, in 1978, as "An extraordinary claim requires extraordinary proof."
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To discuss the reliability of a specific source for a particular statement, consult
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Editors may also use electronic media, subject to the same criteria (see details in
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guideline, or any other guideline related to sourcing, this policy has priority.
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means people using the encyclopedia can check that the information comes from a
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neutral. Our job as editors is simply to summarize what reliable sources say.
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Self-published and questionable sources may be used as sources of information
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to a reliable source that directly supports the material. The four types are:
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Knowledge (XXG):Biographies of living persons § Avoid self-published sources
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It does not involve claims about events not directly related to the source;
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Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources § Questionable and self-published sources
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or self-published sources or those with an apparent conflict of interest;
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Knowledge (XXG):List of companies engaged in the self-publishing business
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Knowledge (XXG):No original research § Translations and transcriptions
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Do not link to any source that violates the copyrights of others per
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Some newspapers, magazines, and other news organizations host online
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Using inline citations, provide reliable, published sources for all:
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drawing inferences from multiple sources to advance a novel position
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Knowledge (XXG):What Knowledge (XXG) is not § Encyclopedic content
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of suitable sources, not on the state of sourcing in an article (
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Self-published or questionable sources as sources on themselves
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It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should
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and present what the various sources say, giving each side its
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request
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to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution.
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Citations to non-English reliable sources are allowed on the
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This is particularly relevant when linking to sites such as
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Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Perennial sources § Twitter
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Knowledge (XXG):Closing discussions § Challenging a closing
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Knowledge (XXG):Identifying and using self-published works
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While information must be verifiable for inclusion in an
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you are encouraged to provide an inline citation yourself
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Citations
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Sources must support the material clearly and directly:
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Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) is not a reliable source
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There is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity; and
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Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources § Statements of opinion
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Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) is not a reliable source
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Philosophical enquiries concerning human Understanding
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Knowledge (XXG) policy on verifiability of information
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Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point
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Knowledge (XXG):Editing policy § Try to fix problems
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The article is not based primarily on such sources.
1064:The material is neither unduly self-serving nor an 1599:material about living and recently deceased people 1500:Knowledge (XXG):Template index/Sources of articles 757:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Perennial sources 1900:All material in Knowledge (XXG) articles must be 1108:Knowledge (XXG) and sources that mirror or use it 912: 3028:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources 2288:Self-published material is characterized by the 460:before considering whether to remove or tag it. 424:material whose verifiability has been challenged 2170:, or the article with the applicable of either 1671:Challenged claims that are supported purely by 1605:Exceptional claims require exceptional sourcing 1071:It does not involve claims about third parties; 62:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG) 2310:offers this understanding in its publication, 2235:Note that any exceptional claim would require 1710:Knowledge (XXG):Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 610:publications. Other reliable sources include: 43:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Mathematics/Proofs 2861: 2463: 2231: 2229: 2064:Knowledge (XXG):You are not a reliable source 2019:– links to articles that need citations added 1157:Knowledge (XXG):List of citogenesis incidents 966:. For a template used for citing tweets, see 473:Knowledge (XXG):Biographies of living persons 201: 8: 3616: 817:, such as in articles about themselves; see 722:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Noticeboard 716:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Noticeboard 637:Knowledge (XXG):Identifying reliable sources 32:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Noticeboard 3522:Categories, lists, and navigation templates 2301:University of California, Berkeley, library 2247: 2245: 1193:in this case and may be used following the 699: 253:previously unpublished ideas or information 3624: 3555: 3408: 3369: 3316: 3246: 3072: 2918: 2868: 2854: 2846: 2470: 2456: 2448: 1994:Identifying and using self-published works 1718:Knowledge (XXG):CITE § In-text attribution 1664:that should prompt extra caution include: 1403:Verifiability does not guarantee inclusion 706:Reliable sources noticeboard and guideline 516:. For the wikitext tag previously labeled 208: 194: 136: 74:follow. Changes made to it should reflect 2394:An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding 2366: 581:made available to the public in some form 2089:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability, not truth 1969:Knowledge (XXG) is not a reliable source 1924:Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources 1484:presented instead in a different article 1205:on Knowledge (XXG)'s role or views, and 560:The publisher of the work (for example, 2265: 2190:. For a disputed category, you may use 2076: 1951:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) 1870:). However, notability is based on the 1490:Tagging a sentence, section, or article 139: 2312:Academic Integrity at Princeton (2011) 2054:Identifying and using tertiary sources 1161:Knowledge (XXG):Citing Knowledge (XXG) 407:, and it is satisfied by providing an 333:Responsibility for providing citations 284:material whose verifiability has been 2731:Converting between references formats 2319:Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition 2212:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral point of view 1989:Identifying and using primary sources 1787:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral point of view 1308:Knowledge (XXG):Translators available 1257:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Cost 807:have an apparent conflict of interest 740:Sources that are usually not reliable 627:) magazines, including specialty ones 7: 2111:Knowledge (XXG):No original research 1888:Knowledge (XXG):No original research 1824:(NPOV). Articles should be based on 1760:contributors' rights and obligations 436:living and recently deceased persons 300:living and recently deceased persons 3681:List of all policies and guidelines 2746:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 2685:Referencing without using templates 2680:Referencing with citation templates 2333:Rekdal, Ole Bjørn (1 August 2014). 1926:section of the NOR policy, and the 1764:contributory copyright infringement 1597:Take special care with contentious 1570:. You can also leave a note on the 3720:Summaries of values and principles 3561: 3399: 3162: 2988: 2023:Template index/Sources of articles 1914:Base articles largely on reliable 1816:Even when information is cited to 1691:Verifiability and other principles 641:Knowledge (XXG):Search engine test 25: 1714:Knowledge (XXG):MOS § Attribution 1179:mirroring Knowledge (XXG) content 935:has previously been published by 568:All four can affect reliability. 3630: 3375: 3322: 3252: 3205:Please do not bite the newcomers 3078: 2924: 1911:is prohibited by the NOR policy. 1018: 734:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources 730:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources 712:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources 590:content related to living people 534:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources 528:What counts as a reliable source 427:material whose verifiability is 403:All content must be verifiable. 313:For how to write citations, see 291:material whose verifiability is 116: 53: 2736:Reference display customization 1656:Any exceptional claim requires 1652:Knowledge (XXG):Fringe theories 1496:Knowledge (XXG):Citation needed 1249:Knowledge (XXG):Offline sources 540:cited source on Knowledge (XXG) 522:Help:Wikitext § syntaxhighlight 447:for details of how to do this. 2401:, (or the Oxford 1894 edition 2115:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 1380:an editor who can translate it 943:use self-published sources as 684:pages, columns or rolling text 514:Help:Referencing for beginners 445:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 1: 3747:Knowledge (XXG) verifiability 3215:Responding to threats of harm 2957:Biographies of living persons 2503:Biographies of living persons 2290:lack of independent reviewers 2035:WikiProject Resource Exchange 1820:, you must present it with a 1264:WikiProject Resource Exchange 1048:Proposed since December 2023. 911:blogs (as distinguished from 617:Books published by respected 172:Biographies of living persons 3282:Criteria for speedy deletion 3151:Paid-contribution disclosure 1826:thorough research of sources 1207:inappropriate self-reference 1197:. Any such use should avoid 1177:. Also, do not use websites 660:Newspaper and magazine blogs 2952:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 2741:References and page numbers 2675:Introduction to referencing 2479:Knowledge (XXG) referencing 2029:The Knowledge (XXG) Library 1025:It has been suggested that 599:If available, academic and 571:Base articles on reliable, 546:has four related meanings: 298:contentious material about 182:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 3763: 2690:Referencing dos and don'ts 1930:section of the BLP policy. 1885: 1854:Knowledge (XXG):Notability 1851: 1790: 1784: 1721: 1706:Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism 1699: 1649: 1610: 1503: 1493: 1451: 1445: 1438: 1406: 1358: 1347:Template:Request quotation 1322: 1305: 1273: 1246: 1221: 1195:policy for primary sources 1150: 1143: 1111: 982: 976: 961: 954: 880: 834: 760: 750: 743: 709: 663: 614:University-level textbooks 562:Cambridge University Press 531: 511: 486: 396: 389: 382: 336: 219: 83: 40: 29: 3675: 3411: 2887: 2835:Parenthetical referencing 2670:Citations quick reference 2637:Punctuation and footnotes 2424:Cosmos: A Personal Voyage 2340:Social Studies of Science 1928:Misuse of primary sources 1702:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright 1169:Knowledge (XXG):ABOUTSELF 434:contentious matter about 268:Knowledge (XXG) mainspace 36:Knowledge (XXG):Vandalism 3742:Knowledge (XXG) policies 2589:Citation Style Vancouver 2353:10.1177/0306312714535679 2335:"Academic urban legends" 2085:verifiability, not truth 2059:Verifiability, not truth 1696:Copyright and plagiarism 700:§ Self-published sources 124:This page in a nutshell: 3658:Licensing and copyright 2878:policies and guidelines 2817:Knowledge (XXG) Library 2486:Policies and guidelines 1343:English Knowledge (XXG) 429:likely to be challenged 385:Knowledge (XXG):ProveIt 293:likely to be challenged 241:English Knowledge (XXG) 2755:Template documentation 2695:Citing Knowledge (XXG) 2137:unencyclopedic content 1660:high-quality sources. 831:Self-published sources 698:reliable sources, see 18:Knowledge (XXG):SOURCE 3653:Friendly space policy 3443:Broad-concept article 2947:Neutral point of view 2195:unreferenced category 2185:more citations needed 1974:Core content policies 1886:Further information: 1852:Further information: 1822:neutral point of view 1785:Further information: 1700:Further information: 1528:WP:FAILEDVERIFICATION 1494:Further information: 1175:user-generated source 933:in the relevant field 929:subject-matter expert 905:claim to be an expert 881:Further information: 825:Predatory open access 710:Further information: 532:Further information: 323:neutral point of view 257:neutral point of view 152:Neutral point of view 34:. 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Verifiability, 279:direct quotations 218: 217: 135: 134: 111: 110: 16:(Redirected from 3754: 3706: 3705: 3696:List of policies 3691: 3690: 3648:List of policies 3635: 3634: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3549:Project content 3409: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3146:Child protection 3141:No legal threats 3111:Ignore all rules 3083: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3016:Reliable sources 2993: 2992: 2991: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2900:Ignore all rules 2882: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2847: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2769: 2763: 2711:Cite link labels 2624:Inline citations 2614:Reflist template 2584:Citation Style 2 2579:Citation Style 1 2508:Reliable sources 2472: 2465: 2458: 2449: 2428: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2370: 2330: 2324: 2286: 2280: 2270: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2233: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2207: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2150: 2144: 2128: 2122: 2103: 2092: 2081: 1946:Reliable sources 1830:rough proportion 1818:reliable sources 1810: 1808:WP:SOURCESDIFFER 1803: 1741: 1734: 1686:to silence them. 1644: 1637: 1635:WP:EXTRAORDINARY 1630: 1623: 1593: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1565: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1371: 1335: 1300: 1293: 1286: 1241: 1234: 1183:reliable sources 1138: 1131: 1124: 1058:about themselves 1046: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1002: 995: 875: 868: 861: 854: 847: 794: 787: 780: 773: 728:of sources, see 676: 519: 506: 499: 483:Reliable sources 377: 370: 363: 356: 349: 327:copyright policy 266:All material in 233: 210: 203: 196: 177:Image use policy 144: 142:Content policies 137: 129:inline citations 120: 119: 113: 103: 96: 57: 56: 50: 21: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3703: 3702: 3688: 3687: 3667: 3631: 3629: 3607: 3562: 3560: 3536: 3510: 3464:Manual of Style 3452: 3400: 3398: 3392: 3376: 3374: 3354: 3350:Page protection 3323: 3321: 3301: 3265:Deletion policy 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Index

Knowledge (XXG):SOURCE
Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources/Noticeboard
Knowledge (XXG):Vandalism
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Mathematics/Proofs
policy
normally
consensus
Shortcuts
WP:V
WP:PROOF
inline citations
Content policies
Neutral point of view
No original research
Verifiability
Article titles
Biographies of living persons
Image use policy
What Knowledge (XXG) is not
v
t
e
Short URL
w.wiki/FVY
English Knowledge (XXG)
reliable source
previously unpublished ideas or information
neutral point of view
due weight
Knowledge (XXG) mainspace

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