Knowledge (XXG)

:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2008 September 18 - Knowledge (XXG)

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1011:
so that's out of the question. I'm left with radioactive labels or the use of non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium or carbon-13 etc. I was wondering if someone could advise on the relative cost, and practicality of using a radioactive versus non-radioactive isotopes. Since I would want to be able to visualise the molecules in a gel after electrophoresis, it may not even be possible to use non-radioactive isotopes (I don't know how you'd detect the presence/location of deuterium in a gel). I'd like to develop my ideas a little before they're shot down by my supervisor. :) ----
1174:
might get a little worried at working with radioactivity. (If they aren't used to doing such things, I probably wouldn't consider asking them to). However, I'm a little confused at your statements - are you expecting these molecules to form covalent bonds to the protein? Because if not, the HPLC/PAGE separations are likely to rip the ligand from it's partner long before you get a chance to image it. If you're looking for non-covalent binding, you're probably going to have to attach a cross-linking group on it before chromatography, either a side-chain reactive group like
1418:
things that could not be explained. After all, Newton didn't know why it worked or how it worked, but postulating this invisible, weak force seemed to get the job done in the equations. After some time though the idea of gravity became pretty internalized and nobody doubted it as a real force, and then it waited until Einstein to say that there wasn't a force called gravity after all, that it was just warping of spacetime by mass, etc. Anyway, I always thought that was amusing—the idea that other scientists and philosophers accused Newton of being unscientific. --
1107:
nature? An analog? Something from a different organism? Something totally weird and synthetic? Do you expect to find a lot or a little interaction? Do you have microliters, milliliters, or liters of lysate? The best strategies are going to depend a lot on what you're studying and what you're hoping to find out. If you're synthesizing stuff in-house anyway, does your molecule have a non-functional face to which you can attach a flexible linker (PEG, maybe) and a fluorophore? (Do you have a collaborator who likes organic synthesis?)
198:"Photons" are little packets of light. "Electrons" are little packets of electricity. Basically. The photons (light) from the sun hits the special materials. These materials are special because of photons of the right sort (those from the sun, for example) hit them, they will knock loose electrons from the atoms in the material. These loose electrons run through the material—and moving electrons are basically an electric current. This is then siphoned off and fed into an electrical system as generated power. Does that help at all? -- 2418:
random, if we consider the half of the DNA I get from my mother, I could inherit the same half of my mother's genome that my sister did (so we share all of the maternal half), or I could inherit the exact opposite half (so we share none), or anywhere in between. Same goes for the father's side. On average, siblings will share 50% from each parent, meaning that they share 50% of the genome overall, although it can range anywhere from 0-100%. Although one issue that slightly tips it towards siblings is the existence of
2371:: "The hybrid forms of the seed-shape and of the albumen are developed immediately after the artificial fertilization by the mere influence of the foreign pollen. They can, therefore, be observed even in the first year of experiment, whilst all the other characters naturally only appear in the following year in such plants as have been raised from the crossed seed." This would not necessarily have been possible with other garden plants, and would probably have been impossible with most domestic animals.-- 2345:
was not just some clueless monk who happened to by chance pick a useful species; he considered himself a pretty able scientist. The idea that he was totally out of the loop and happened upon this great insight by chance and was just painfully ignored though ahead of his time is a myth. The actual history is a lot more complicated. Mendel didn't think he was discovering wonderful laws of heredity. A wonderful, short book on the topic is Peter J. Bowler,
1277:
scientist gets used in legends whose plots call for a smart person, one whom the audience will immediately recognize as such (i.e., modern tellings of an ancient legend about a learned rabbi who switches places with his servant feature Albert Einstein in the role of esteemed scholar). This venerated cultural icon has, at least in the world of contemporary lore, become a stock character to be tossed into the fray wherever the script calls for a genius.
1228:
answered, "Nobody!" The atheist replied, "You must think I am a fool! Of course somebody made it, and he is a genius." Newton then said to his friend, "This thing is but a puny imitation of a much grander system whose laws you know, and I am not able to convince you that this mere toy is without a designer and maker; yet you profess to believe that the great original from which the design is taken has come into being without either designer or maker!"
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DO get recycled. Then all we'll need is a small supply of Lithium to catch those few batteries that somehow don't make it back to the recycling center. Initially, we'll need legislation to ensure that this does actually happen - otherwise we'll end up running out of Lithium first and THEN panicking to find the old ones by mining landfill sites - and that would be horrifically costly!
2368:(wrinkled, smooth, etc.) as markers--not of the plant. This meant that he had data as soon as the seeds were formed, without having to plant the seeds to see what the plants would be like (which is what he would have had to do if, for example, he had been using the color of the flower). Here is a relevant quote from an English translation of his 1865 paper 708:
than most other forms of technology. If history is a guide, we probably won't have a superior new type of consumer rechargable battery (i.e. one not based on Li) for 10-20 years, and you could see an awful lot of hybrids during 20 years. Probably the disruptive technology with the best chance of replacing Li batteries is not a battery at all, but rather
1253:). If you've copied it word-for-word from somewhere I would say it is written really quite horribly. It feels (and i'm by no means an expert) like someone writing today trying to add an edge of age by twisting around the flow/sense. It doesn't seem to be real to me. I can't find an article on snopes though which would be my first resource usually. 2337:
hybrids focused on whether new species could be created by cross-breeding existing ones. It has been argued that Mendel was actually trying to oppose evolutionism and instead defend Linnaeus' theory of the production of new species by hybridization. In this, peas were an example of “variable” hybrids, where as
2040:
But surely most of these things were positives when we were cavemen? i take your point about the lower back but with the reproductive system, surely all (female) mammals have periods? i.e. they are, whilst no doubt inconvenient for todays career woman, an efficient system to ensure the possibility of
1594:
See Toto's answer above. If the bolt was so bright you saw it from an unusually large distance, the amount of scattering would be increased. (Just as the rising or setting sun is red because you're seeing it through an unusally large amount of the atmosphere.) --Anonymous, 03:47 UTC, September 23,
1417:
One of the more amusing things about Newton that people have a hard time dealing with today is that when he postulated the idea of a force called "Gravity", a lot of his contemporaries thought it was basically magic he was arguing for, not science. They accused him of appealing to "occult" forces, to
1276:
Although 2004 tellings of the legend name Albert Einstein as the faith-driven student, there is no reason to suppose the renowned physicist had anything to do with the fictive incident. Biographies of the man are silent on his having dealt one of his teachers such a comeuppance. Moreover, this famous
1125:
isotopic labeling of some sort. The alternatives are "some sort of chemically reactive site" that could be selectively stained directly or via some affinity probe, but it would have to be pretty active to be detected on a small scale (and hence likely to be reactive in your cell goo). You could embed
1106:
I'm a bit unsure about exactly what type of experiment you're doing, though. Are you looking for something that gets covalently bound to protein? Something that's transported? A drug that fills a binding pocket? Something that gets processed or modified? Are you using something that's present in
707:
Really? Lithium batteries are the first new consumer grade rechargable in 20 years. (To be fair, NiMH batteries only became cheap enough to have widespread consumer use about a decade ago, but their technology was not fundementally new.) The technological evolution of batteries has been far slower
1533:
given off is dependent on the temperature of the plasma. The lightning article indicates that temperatures can reach up to 30,000 °C - this is a bluish-white color. Lesser lightning strikes are likely to be cooler, and may give pure white or yellowish-white colorations, depending on the temperature.
1010:
I'm a student soon to go to work at a research institute where I'll be looking at the cellular of activity of small molecules which are made in-house. I would like to gain some insight by labelling these small molecules. Fluorescent labels would be as big as, or larger than the molecules of interest
983:
That's a good approximation, since most of the mass is probably in liquid form, but the OP should be aware that they are actually measuring the mass of the gas too. The pressure can not directly indicate the volume of anything - but it can indicate the mass-fraction (ratio of liquid to gas), if the
955:
I would think it impossible to determine the volume of liquid from a pressure gauge at the top of the tank. If you can measure the pressure of the liquid at the bottom too - then you could use the difference between the pressure at the top of the tank and the pressure at the bottom to determine the
738:
I asked this question on the miscellaneous section but the answers were not satisfactory and I hope you scientists can help. Last week in Istanbul, Turkey, I noticed in food shops, bottles of fir cones for sale. All were closed (immature) but some as long as three inches and perhaps two inches wide.
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If electric vehicles (or hybrids) are to become the mainstream mode of transport then recycling the batteries will become a major part of the product lifecycle. The lithium in a LiON cell doesn't get "used up" or "worn out" - so all we need is a means to ensure that spent and damaged cells actually
2417:
It's a draw, at least statistically speaking. If we ignore the X/Y size imbalance, exactly one half of a son's DNA comes from his father, so the father/son pair share ~50% of their genome. In the sibling case, each randomly inherits 50% of the mother's genome, and 50% of the father's. Since this is
2344:
But yeah. Enough of my notes from ages ago. Why peas? Don't underestimate Mendel as a horticulturalist. He experimented with a number of different plants. Peas gave the best results. (The results were a little too good, in fact—there is evidence that Mendel doctored his figures a bit. But alas.) He
2336:
Mendel was performing hybridization experiments, which were traditionally used to investigate the problem of the origin of species rather than laws of heredity. Plant hybridization studies were favored by horticulturalists who wanted to learn how to create and fix varieties, and academic studies of
2045:
physiology so some info would be appreciated). Equally the eye faults (apart from that awful pun!) are surely a by-product of the fact that our environments are relatively 'boring'. I.e. we don't need whizz-bang eyes because we usually operate during the day. presumaly there are various trade offs
1173:
mass spec. I will note that as long as you already have the appropriate regulatory clearances and equipment, radioisotopes are perfectly safe and, depending on the isotope, as cheap as stable labels. However, if you have to synthesize the chemicals in-house, the organic chemists doing the synthesis
1048:
I want to take whole cell lysates and separate them by 2D PAGE, then image them. Since we've no clue where the molecules are binding, I don't think mass spectrometry is a feasible means to find out. I want to use mass spec. to identify the relevant spots from the gel, but first they must be imaged.
619:
The question being, where does the lithium come from and is there enough of it to supply the massive demand for EVs? No question there's enough for cellphones and other small rechargeable batteries, but where is the source for really large demand? Let's say just a million vehicles per year and the
2177:
our mechanism for assessing and avoiding risk is useless for anything short of a direct attack by a tiger. that's a serious lack; consider how many people are killed each year in accidents due entirely to their own stupidity, and how many more are killed from smoking, overeating/lack of exercise,
822:
Thank you for the replies. I looked at the pine cone article but, unfortunately, the sort of 'cones' that appear to be edible are soft and berry-like, like yew, not remotely like the conventional hard pine cones I saw. The second reply is intriguing. So, the water is not drunk but used - what for
108:
The science fair is coming up soon and i cant find any info on a way that a solar panal works theres all these words that lead to another word that lead to another word isthere an easy explination ive checked everywhere and it says stuff about photons electrons and stuff and it dousnt say how the
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Newton once had a skilled mechanic make for him a model of the solar system. Balls representing the planets were geared together so as to move realistically in orbit. One day an atheist friend visited Newton. On seeing the model, he operated it, and exclaimed in admiration, "Who made it?" Newton
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The period of transition between the Ordovician and the Silurian, the Carboniferous and the Permian, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous, and the Tertiary and the Quaternary periods appears to be marked by an average global temperature of not more than 12°C. What might have caused this reduction in
2447:
No he is perfectly correct. For any particular gene that is present in one sibling the chance of it being in the other sibling is 0.5. Your 0.25 is the chance that both siblings share a particular gene that one or other of the parents have - but of course it is possible neither sibling has it.
2304:
Remember that he was a monk, so studying a food crop that grew in the abbey garden made sense. (You could eat the experiments, and allowed for the sort of pottering* that a field-grown crop like wheat wouldn't have. It's also easier to grow 4,000+ pea plants a year rather than 4,000+ chickens.)
2025:
I'm sure if you ask any of your female friends whether their reproductive system seems "perfectly designed" or "just the bare minimum needed for a species to survive" I'm sure you'd find most of them believe the latter. I say this with tongue firmly in cheek, but it is not too hard to imagine a
1674:
My biology professor hammered this into my brain: when the chromosome is in its familiar x-shape, there is one chromosome, and two identical chromatids. This is what the chromosome looks like during early mitosis. Normally, the chromosomes are single-stranded, so there is one chromosome and one
1433:
When you say "other scientists and philosophers", it is probably worth noting that in his time scientists were not differentiated from philosophers. What today we call scientists were called "natural philosophers", but their work still fell under the purview of philosophy. Theology, by the same
1071:
The safety of rare non-radioactive isotopes is exactly equivalent to that of the natural, high-abundance isotopes. Carbon-13 is no more dangerous than carbon-12. Incidentally, are you expecting your molecules of interest to be covalently linked to their protein partners? While there are some
1655:
That question had me stumped for ages as well. The answer is quite simple. Look at the description of the figure " Diagram of a duplicated and condensed (metaphase) eukaryotic chromosome.". The emphasis here is on " duplicated ". Each half is a chromosome. In this picture you see two identical
1707:: "Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated—unduplicated chromosomes are single linear strands, while duplicated chromosomes (copied during synthesis phase) contain two copies joined by a centromere." So after separation, what was a chromatid is now called a chromosome. -- 1129:
Organic chemistry could be fun. Do you have even enough space to attach an azide? Do come Sharpless click chemistry to attach a fluorophore after lysis. Or heck, even after running the gel if you can get it to work in a gel medium (and therefore not have the fluorophore alter your mobility).
2202:
Humans also are rather poor at comprehending large numbers (think about people's difficulty with statistics and or the massiveness of the universe). Granted we evolved for the habitat scale we grew up in. We are also easy influenced, gullible, and trusting/suspicious of the wrong things.
385:
In theory no, the principle of reciprocity holds. But you can get semireflective mirrors that reflect 80% and let through 20%. When the other side is dark, like sunglasses, you can see out through it. But you can get different effects if the angle of incidence is different, as in
1030:, which is suitable for tagging chemicals. They are also cheaper and easier and safer. If you will be working hands-on with chemicals you're unfamiliar with, you should probably directly ask your supervisor for training, as safety and exposure hazards might exist. 2159:
My back chronically hurts, my eyesight is poor, I get sunburns to even mild exposure to the sun, I have to spend a third of my life sleeping, I'll spare you other details, but whoever created us did a very losy job :P Not even a technical support line to complain :P
2313:
article indicates that his purpose initially was to study variation in plants. This is speculation on my part, but he may have chosen to study peas because he had access to several pea varieties which were noticeably different. Besides, what's so silly about peas?
1846:
I read something years ago about examples of imperfect evolution in humans. I.e to prove the point the humans aren't pinnacles of creation- there are things about our physiology which suck. Anyway, i now can't for the life of me remember any examples. Can anyone
2309:(Mendel's order) practice moderation and self denial, so he wasn't likely to have studied some exotic plant just for novelty's sake. Also keep in mind that he didn't set out to study genetics as such (since the discipline didn't exist before Mendel). The 616:, but it's a question I've been pondering. It seems that for hybrid and EV passenger cars to progress: lead-acid batteries won't cut it based on the power/weight ratio; NiMH is too limited (dendrification?); and lithium Lilon batteries are the way to go. 2142:, as many of our diseases originated from livestock.) I'm not sure how else you could possibly give birth to big-brained kids, short of doing it in the embryo stage. I'm not sure this is an "evolutionary inertia" issue like the bipedalism-related pains. 1080:, for example) I wouldn't rely on this happening. Short of staining your entire 2D gel for protein (silver stain, Coomassie, Sypro orange, etc.) and cutting out every spot for analysis, I can't think of any reliable way to find a non-radioactive target. 1877:
They are not actually specific to humans. I would hazard a guess and say all animals with eyes have blindspots, all with teeth have tooth decay, all with knees have, well, knees. And the 'lower back' thing, I am not sure what you are talking about.
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have 16% of first-time mothers dying in childbirth (and about 80% of firstborn cubs), whereas even in the most unhygienic regions, human maternal mortality tops out at 1-2% (and that's with modern diseases, etc. - I'm sure it was lower in the
739:
I presume they were in some sort of brine or vinegar. My question is - how can wood impregnated with resin be made edible? (I use fir cones as fuel.) If this is truly the case, a vast food source is going unharvested worldwide. With thanks.
2026:
female reproductive system that doesn't involve monthly periods (and their waste of energy and material) or a birth process that breaks the pelvis. (My wife and I have discussed this very issue—she loathes her reproductive system.) --
892:
My guess is that the pressure gauge is reading in cmH20 (not water content). I don't think that the pressure of the gas will vary in a direct way with the volume of liquid below. Perhaps there's some detail I am missing.
865:
What is the right conversion factor to be use in obtaining the volume of liquid CO2 from a pressure guage (pressure guage indicate the H2O content of the horizontal cylindrical tank). Note: Dimension of the tank is known.
1361:
a devout religionist occasionally gives me pause about my own opinions, so any verifiable religious quote from him would actually have been more effective (to a heathen like me) than this more on-point one they invented.
1340:
and other alchemical pursuits. Even the greatest genius can have some odd hobby horses. Fortunately, the scientific method is based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, not on appeals to authority !
2203:
Psychological manipulation does have some basis in evolution and not just social conditioning; our minds definitely leave something to be desired. We haven't evolved well to deal with the treat posed by charlatans.
1371:
Remember, in Newton's time there wasn't really an alternative explanation for the universe. These days, science can explain most of the things religion can explain, that wasn't the case a few hundred years ago.
1161:/tandem mass spectrometry, especially the studies with Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICAT), Stable Isotope Labeling Tandem mass spectrometry (SILT), and Stable Isotope Labeling with amino acids in Cell culture ( 2096:
Almost all sexually-reproducing organisms have either a dedicated breeding season or a signal that a female is fertile. Humans don't, so a great deal of time and energy is wasted copulating with non-fertile
1901:. Human knees and (especially) the lower back suffer from the fact that they originally evolved for tetrapods which kept their weight distributed and their spine horizontally, not for upright walking. -- 2436:
Actually, I think you've got your statistics wrong. The OP asked about genetic similarity. The likelihood that a particular gene being present in both siblings is 25% (P=0.5 * 0.5), I believe. --
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On the same lines, running the birth canal through the pelvis is a horrible design: it limits the maximum size of the newborn, and causes severe problems if things aren't lined up exactly right.
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I don't suppose an antibody exists (or could be prepared, depending on your timetable and budget) to your small molecule of interest...? If you can buy one from the catalog, you're laughing.
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have much more reasonably constructed eyes. I'm fairly sure I read about some animals with decay-proof teeth, or, as an alternative, we could have teeth that auto-replace themselves, as in
1703:
stub -- the stub seems to agree with PvT's take, but I think Fortis's take is the correct one: the whole x-shaped thing is a chromosome. And as for the OP's question, here's a quote from
359:
Is there any kind of glass that is transparent to light rays when light incident on it from one side and reflect light rays when light is incident upon the glass from the opposite side ?
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Non-radioactive isotopes ought to be perfectly safe, even if somewhat expensive, right? Their safety relative to radioactive ones, is why I'm interested in whether I can image them. ----
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in the other direction would violate the second law for the reasons discussed in the article's first reference (a blackbody surrounded by such isolators would cool to absolute zero). --
51: 1336:. On the other hand, Newton also had very unorthodox religious opinions for his time; he denied the existence of the Trinity, and spend a lot of time and effort in a quest for the 434:
It is actually possible to construct a device which transmits (nearly) totally in one direction and reflects (nearly) totally in the other direction, albeit only at a single
1157:
has a reputation for being finicky and poorly reproducible. If you're going the mass spec route, there's been some interesting work done recently with two-dimensional HPLC/
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some heavy-metal and then look for redox activity , or use some sort of particle-beam scanner (a la ECD or neutron bombardment) but then you're back to radioactivity.
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The nerves and blood vessels supplying the retina are in front of the retina, leading to a loss of visual acuity and a blind spot where they pass through the retina.
1121:
If as you said even a small fluorescent tag is going to be a problem (not even a quinone or anthracene?!), I don't think you have too much wiggle-room for anything
2100:
Babies are almost too large for the female reproductive system -- because of this, humans have a much higher rate of maternal mortality than any other species.
712:. However those don't yet store practical amounts of power at reasonable prices (not to mention that pesky blowing-up problem many of them seem to have). 25: 2253:
Out of all the plants and animals....???.... Seems a little silly doesn't it? Was this a random choice? Or perhaps it occured to him after tipping a few?--
291:(Meaning: please don't type in all capitals, it's often considered rude or angry on the internet:) If you have any questions after reading our article on 85:
The page you are currently viewing is an archive page. While you can leave answers for any questions shown below, please ask new questions on one of the
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A blind spot is bad engineering; bad engineering may be be benign, but it's never a positive, and some female mammals absorb their uterine lining. --
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token, was also a branch of philosophy, so science and religion were not each others antitheses as they are to many today. We have an article on the
1232:
Now I think it has all the hallmarks of BS, but I was wondering if there is a minutest element of truth in it and where this quote originates from.
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However, I doubt that LiON batteries will remain the best technology for long - there is always another kind of battery in the technology pipeline.
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They're readily available, they've got a decently short lifecycle, they've got some obvious trait variations, and it's easy to control breeding. --
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The light sensors in the eye can't deal with constant-intensity illumination, so your eyes need to continuously wobble to be able to see things.
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is before you understand how a solar panel works. If you can't understand at least the introductions to those articles then you may prefer the
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As a consequence of the above, people have trouble in high-contrast situations (say, looking into a cave to see if there's a bear in it).
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My own personal peeve, the inability to get sharp visual focus at high speeds, even at 30mph, at anything other than straight ahead.
624:, which is pessimistic, and I've also seen questions about lithium availability raised reliably. Does anyone have some good sources? 2350: 2041:
lots of babies. I actually can't imagine a better method (although this has more to do with my non-existent understanding of female
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The eyeball is a particularly good one, since creationists so often use it as an example of why humans couldn't have evolved (see
1332:
The Newton story above may be apochryphal, but it is at least consistent with some of his sourced remarks quoted in our article on
1975:
The lens of the eye has no mechanism for self-repair, so over the years you get a loss of focus ability, and may develop cateracts
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The original quote is obviously poorly-rendered Creationist claptrap. Ironically, the fact that an undeniable genius like Newton
1222:
There's what looks like a phoney quote of Newton going around on creationist websites that's been said to me : one version goes -
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type approach where a small molecule conjugate replaces the RNA. The last two techniques aren't in native contexts, though. --
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I was going to explain my deletions on Talk page, but find this Desk has no Talk page. I deleted based on the policy
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Also called a one-way mirror. Yes, that's what Graeme is talking about. --Anonymous, 09:15 UTC, September 18, 2008.
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The color sensors don't work in low-light conditions, while the monochrome sensors don't work in bright conditions.
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with things like energy requirements but i don't know..(Although it is weird that they have no healing capacity..)
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and didn't understand it (and I've taken an intermediate optics course, no less). But now it makes sense; thanks!
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I'm afraid you're going to have to do your own homework. But you might be interested in reading our article on
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Lower backs, knees, teeth that decay, and unnecessary blind spots in the eyes. How long a list do you need? --
1190:. Another alternative to identify binding partners is to link your small molecule to a solid support, and do 750: 490:
Oops, my bad. The article's first reference is quite explicit about this distinction, yet I still missed it.
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average global temperature from the average global temperature of 22°C for all other period transitions?
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Whilst this is by no way an exhaustive search this quote isn't on the wikiquote page for Isaac Newton (
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I don't think that's quite true. You can build an optical isolator that transmits in one direction and
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Another reason that he used the garden pea is that he was using (in part) the characteristics of the
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I'm not coming to this pure, I just watched Colbert interview Bob Lutz, who kinda trashed his own
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It actually isn't explained in the article. Someone with more knowledge than me ought to beef up
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Placing the reproductive and excretory systems in close proximity can lead to severe infections.
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The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergency of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society
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depth of the liquid - and from that you can know the volume if you know the shape of the tank.
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electricity is created if anybody can help me on this with an easy explination please answer
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which is formed from superheating air formed by the electric discharge. Like stars, (see
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for an example of actual intelligent design, albeit by a mere science fiction writer.
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OK, but don't forget that you usually see lightning through many miles of air, which
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Why did Gregor Mendel ("The Gregster") choose the pea to study genetic inheretence?
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World production 2007 25,000 t while worl resources are 13 million t (520 times).--
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There's a quite plain-language "Simple explanation" in the "Theory" section of the
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a very brief summary of Rayleigh's argument there. What do you think of it? --
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Einstein story isn't exactly the same, I'd like to quote a relevant paragraph:
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are certainly edible and are sold in the shops where I live. According to our
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The human reproductive system is another one of those nightmares of design.
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indicates that 2D-PAGE is also used as a separation technique, usually with
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HOW DOES A COCONUT SEED'S ABILITY TO FLAT HELP A NEW COCONUT TREE TO GROW?
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Are siblings of the same parents closer genetically than father and son?
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was an example of "constant hybrids" that were potentially new species.
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more than warmer colors, which is why it ends up looking yellowish. --
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dous anyone know how a solar panal works without the who made it stuff?
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Personally, I'd just weigh the tank empty and full and go from there.
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more likely to have such problems? Has anyone researched into this?
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HOW MIGHT THE HARD SHELL OF A COCONUT HELP A NEW COCONUT TREE GROW?
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bolt once and is there a reason that that lightning bolt was red?
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A nitpick: human maternal mortality is high, but not the highest;
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article some species of cone are edible including some species of
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Even non-radioactive isotopes will change the mass profile on a
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Not that it sheds much light on this quote, but our article on
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Welcome to the Knowledge (XXG) Science Reference Desk Archives
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Pretty simple question, couldn't think of a simple answer..--
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Read everything on . It should give more than enough info.--
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This question inspired an article to be created or enhanced:
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amount of lithium in each battery is ?how much? I've found
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Individual strands in the X shape thing are chromatids
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yet. If the appendix isn't useless, it's damn near.
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Is it? I've always seen it as being yellowish, and
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non-covalent interactions that may survive 2D-PAGE (
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Labelling and imaging with non-radioactive isotopes?
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I've also seen a 2286:I thought he just grew peas for pleasure 1436:relationship between religion and science 2468:What caused these global cooling events? 2008:The urethra passes through the prostate. 1603: 911:may help you with conversion factors. -- 516:, which skirts the issue quite bluntly. 49: 36: 1608:Diagram of a duplicated and condensed ( 65: 1182:, or a photoreactive crosslinker like 295:, please come back here and ask them. 43: 1839:examples of imperfect human evolution 1699:I think we've got bad wording in the 1564:I'm hijacking this question. I saw a 1499:It's always looked white to me. :) -- 608:Lithium Batteries (Elephant Tripling) 464:in the other direction, but one that 7: 2491:Ordovician–Silurian extinction event 1283:Newton fulfils a similar role here. 1251:http://en.wikiquote.org/Isaac_Newton 845:Yew is very poisonous - do not eat! 1942:Knowledge (XXG) talk:Reference desk 557:Hah. I've read Rayleigh's argument 159:You will need to understand what a 2499:Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 2182:to celebrate it. compare with the 1733:Single strand is also a chromosome 32: 2495:Permian–Triassic extinction event 2061:How about suicidal depression? -- 909:Torr#Manometric_units_of_pressure 1726:So basically, it's what I said: 2520:06:00, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2484:23:04, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2458:19:41, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2443:19:06, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2432:23:25, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2411:22:47, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2381:17:45, 20 September 2008 (UTC) 2359:01:17, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2331:23:09, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2296:22:16, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2278:21:07, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2263:20:22, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 2243:22:29, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2223:22:46, 20 September 2008 (UTC) 2196:15:05, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2172:09:03, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2152:21:55, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2125:20:06, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2087:11:51, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2071:08:56, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2056:08:45, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2036:01:37, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2021:00:37, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 2003:21:05, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1954:18:43, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1934:20:11, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1911:20:16, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1888:19:53, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1872:19:02, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1857:18:40, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1833:13:37, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1776:14:11, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1760:10:53, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1717:06:47, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1687:21:09, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1666:18:54, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1650:18:31, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1632:and each strand is known as a 1588:22:19, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1557:16:09, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1544:18:48, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1509:16:14, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1491:16:08, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1477:16:00, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1457:04:25, 20 September 2008 (UTC) 1428:13:51, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1408:22:35, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1382:21:59, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1367:16:21, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1351:16:15, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1334:Isaac Newton's religious views 1324:15:40, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1293:15:32, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1263:15:14, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1242:15:06, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1208:00:12, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 1140:23:35, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1117:23:09, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1059:22:11, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1040:15:11, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 1021:13:30, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 994:15:14, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 979:13:55, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 943:11:36, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 921:11:12, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 903:11:04, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 886:10:22, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 855:21:36, 24 September 2008 (UTC) 839:14:33, 22 September 2008 (UTC) 817:10:06, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 794:09:14, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 755:08:56, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 722:14:48, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 691:14:02, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 663:12:47, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 649:12:45, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 634:07:17, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 594:04:28, 20 September 2008 (UTC) 571:16:50, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 553:16:36, 19 September 2008 (UTC) 535:15:44, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 500:23:34, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 478:15:49, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 456:13:49, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 419:07:25, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 400:05:13, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 379:04:56, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 305:07:38, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 285:02:25, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 260:01:08, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 240:00:55, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 208:01:12, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 192:01:06, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 171:. (Simple English articles on 169:Simple English Knowledge (XXG) 153:00:48, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 129:00:42, 18 September 2008 (UTC) 18:Knowledge (XXG):Reference desk 1: 1730:X shape thing is a chromosome 1612:) eukaryotic chromosome. (1) 734:Edible fir cones / pine cones 438:. Such a device is called an 33: 1813:Actually it's the opposite. 444:second law of thermodynamics 2493:has some information. Also 1808:) 18:35, 18 September 2008 800:In Korea you boil them and 143:is just flowing electrons. 2536: 1268:Speaking of Snopes, while 575:That's fantastic, thanks. 1989:If I'd designed the eye, 1167:Protein mass spectrometry 388:total internal reflection 1394:On that topic, see also 277:Oh, that's better ;-) - 1192:affinity chromatography 1159:Electrospray ionization 984:temperature is known. 807:the resulting water. -- 1967:Irreducible complexity 1625: 1463:Why is lightning blue? 933:may also be useful. -- 323: 87:current reference desk 1607: 1486:agrees with that. -- 322: 2184:Pierson's Puppeteers 1600:Chromosome/Chromatid 1529:), the color of the 1218:Newton phoney quote? 1180:N-Hydroxysuccinimide 139:page. Remember that 1550:scatters blue light 1531:blackbody radiation 1338:Philosopher's stone 2231:vermiform appendix 2178:etc. we even have 1786:Is a man with big 1626: 1566:Positive lightning 514:the last paragraph 324: 2516: 2486: 2397:comment added by 2320: 2213:comment added by 2170: 1956: 1936: 1831: 1796:comment added by 1782:erection problems 1746:comment added by 1701:sister chromatids 1574:comment added by 1453: 1320: 1028:mass spectrometer 872:comment added by 829:comment added by 745:comment added by 590: 531: 365:comment added by 357: 356: 287: 276: 230:comment added by 182:Hope this helps. 115:comment added by 93: 92: 73: 72: 2527: 2517: 2514: 2506: 2474: 2440: 2413: 2315: 2225: 2164: 1939: 1919: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1809: 1762: 1684: 1679: 1590: 1454: 1451: 1443: 1321: 1318: 1310: 1285:AlmostReadytoFly 925:The articles on 888: 841: 790: 787: 786: 783: 782: 757: 614:battery vehicle 591: 588: 580: 532: 529: 521: 440:optical isolator 381: 349:Please consider 343:Optical isolator 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Index

Knowledge (XXG):Reference desk
Archives
Science
Science desk
September 17
Aug
September
Oct
September 19
current reference desk
unsigned
Arkamond
talk
contribs
00:42, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
Solar cell
electricity
DMacks
talk
00:48, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
Photon
Electron
Simple English Knowledge (XXG)
Photon
Electron
APL
talk
01:06, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
98.217.8.46
talk

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