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Victorian buildings were “really on the nose” and the
Federal's creaky floorboards and lack of ensuites were an "extreme embarrassment" in a city desperate for progress in the late 1960s and early 1970s. However it was mostly due to its prominent association with the speculative land boom. Elaborate buildings including the Federal were painted in a negative light at the time as they were constructed speculatively with excessively large amounts of borrowed funds many of which were never paid back. In particular, the association with James Munro carried with it strong links to the city's total economic collapse and corruption prior to the
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Despite the lack of a steel frame, and partly due to tall ceilings, its height to roof was also among the highest in the world for a habitable building in 1888. Contemporary skyscrapers in New York and
Chicago were not much taller. The Federal was just 5 metres short of New York's tallest hotel, the
387:
in Bourke Street was completed in 1962, and the proliferation of suburban hotels and motels in the 1950s and 60s was eating into of the business from the old grand city hotels such as the
Menzies, Federal, Windsor and Scotts. Photos from the Wolfang Sievers Collection show that by 1965 the reception
295:, who then worked together to design 'the massive edifice' (the exterior was probably much as Ellerker & Kilburn designed it, since Pitt's exterior design of tall plain elevations survives in a drawing held at the State Library of Victoria). It was designed in an eclectic style, with an array of
601:
Disinterest in preservation of the
Federal can be explained in part by its failure to compete as hotel accommodation despite attempts at modernisation and the stark contrast of the patchwork interiors between the modern and remaining Victorian features. According to historian Robyn Annear elaborate
466:
Skyscrapers by contemporary definition are 10 storeys tall and exceed 50 metres. The
Federal at 9 storeys narrowly misses the criteria for floors but qualified for height when the tower is included. It had a 7 storey height to roof of 156 ft (48 m) and to the additional 2 storey habitable
391:
The
Australian Women's Weekly featured a 1967 article on socialite Peter Jansen who leased the vacant upper levels and converted them into an expansive apartment in 1967 including a bedroom in the dome of the tower with an attic window from which the entire city centre could be viewed and a rooftop
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on the mansard roofs, truncation of the chimneys, the enlarging of the top floor circular windows into taller ones, and the insertion of small windows into the main pediments. Most of the building's original gargoyles were also removed, though the statuary remained. A mezannine was added to some of
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The building had 560 rooms in total. It also featured impressively appointed dining and entertaining rooms. The hotel had 370 guest bedrooms, with a penthouse suite in the tower at the top of the building. The construction took five million bricks and cost £110,000. The building was serviced by a
351:
The
Federal was listed in 1948 as one of the key sites for the modernisation of Melbourne. The site, along with the adjoining Australian Estate Company wool store, was purchased for £78,500 and earmarked for replacement with a new modern hotel building, however the new hotel construction did not
321:
The
Federal Coffee Palace opened in time for Melbourne's Centennial Exhibition in July 1888. The first floors included billiards, dining, lounging, reading, and smoking rooms. Its decor was so unique that the building became a tourist attraction. Its upper five floors included nearly 400 luxury
453:
The interiors were equally impressive, often attributed to
William Pitt featured a huge sunlit, four storey lobby with vaulted roof and grand staircase, and a main hall reached via a long arcade loggia of 14 Ionic columns. The elaborately detailed interior atrium featured giant order composite
339:
The boom soon turned into the economic crash of the early 1890s, and the
Federal struggled to make dividends for its investors. In 1897 the Federal gained a wine licence, and changed its name to the Federal Palace Hotel, and in 1923 after years of attempts, it finally became fully licensed.
408:
style mansard roofs Ellerker & Kilburn designed the building with multiple setbacks to relieve its great bulk whilst making an impressive visual statement with the lofty corner dome. The setbacks were punctuated by a mixture of recessed and projected balconies, forming a loggia
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With seven main floors and two more in the corner tower, it was the most massive of the rash of large tall buildings built in the central city in the 1880s boom. The height to the top of the corner dome was 165 ft (50 m), its height to roof of 48m exceeded the 43m
606:. Michael Cannon's influential 1966 book 'Land Boomers' was frequently cited as justifications to rid Melbourne of the embarrassment of the land boom era, his book had whole chapters dedicated to the speculative financial backing behind the Federal Coffee Palace.
290:
to the design of Tappin Gilbert and Dennehy, that would be 'the finest in the city'. In November 1885, perhaps not satisfied with that design, the Company held a competition, with 13 entries; the first prize was awarded to Ellerker & Kilburn, and the second to
617:
just years later, the Windsor's preservation benefiting from its proximity to Parliament and the new laws introduced following the demolition of the Menzies, Federal and others which saw the Windsor become the last surviving luxury hotel of the Victorian era.
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sold it to developers Artagen Property Group (a subsidiary of a London based company) in 1971 for $ 3,730,794. Closure and demolition for a $ 12 million 23 storey office development was announced, commencing March 1972 and completed in 1973.
589:
did not list the Federal and chose not to oppose the demolition, at the time it was concerned mainly with preserving of earlier colonial era buildings and houses, though in 1971 it had listed the nearby much smaller 1890
625:; three of the four female statues by modeller Charles William Scurry were relocated to the then new Chateau Commodore in Lonsdale Street, and when that changed hands over 20 years later, they were donated to the
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near the base, and large vertical classical temple-like structures. The external stucco facade combined a staggering array of distinctive decorative features of the period. The main entrance was paired
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lobby and some reception rooms had been completely or partly modernised, along with most of the accommodation rooms, in an effort to compete. The huge Victorian era vestibule however remained intact.
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was added to the Collins Street corner facade in addition to a large lettered 'Hotel Federal' sign on the corner. The entire external facade had also been painted dark grey with white trims.
216:, built between 1886 and 1888 at the height of the city's 1880s land boom, and demolished in 1972-73. Located on Collins Street, the premier thoroughfare, on the corner of King Street, near
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In 2017 approval to replace Enterprise Houes with a 46 level hotel and apartment tower was granted. In 2019 the design changed to a 35 level office building with retail at ground level.
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the function rooms resulting in the large arched window bays on the lower King Street frontage lower floors being converted into square windows. During this period a large 'Federal'
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Many of the interiors rooms were modernised in the interwar period including the dining room which was to be insulated with asbestos fibre for soundproofing in 1936.
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In response to public regret of the demolition of the Federal and other significant buildings at the time including the Menzies, the Historic buildings act 1974 and
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tower of 165 ft (50 m) making it briefly Melbourne and Australia's tallest building, exceeding Fink's Building (43m) in 1888 and until completion of the
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wrote that the £150,000 hotel was one of "Australia's most splendid" buildings; in fact, it was "one of the largest and most opulent hotels in the world".
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wrote that the £150,000 hotel was one of "Australia's most splendid" buildings; in fact, it was "one of the largest and most opulent hotels in the world".
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The builders were T. Cockram and W. Comely. Construction began in early 1886, and it opened in July 1888, in time for Melbourne's
1234:
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Overend, J. D. (1936). Proposed Acoustic Treatment Regent Dining Room Federal Hotel Collins Street Melbourne / H. Vivian Taylor.
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479:. It was just a few metres shorter than some of North America's tallest office buildings, just a metre less than the 1887
231:
The Federal Coffee Palace was by far the largest and grandest product of the late 19th century temperance movement in the
613:
were introduced. Ironically justifications cited for not saving the Federal were used to support the preservation of the
573:
A cast-iron stair balustrade (with 'FCP' in the pattern) salvaged during demolition is on display at the Melbourne Museum
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as seen in 2008, like the Rialto was built offset to the street at 45 degrees. It was itself demolished in 2020-2021.
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completed the previous year making it briefly Melbourne and Australia's tallest building until completion of the
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How cultural cringe spelled the end of Marvellous Melbourne buildings, and how locals eventually fought back
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in response to its acquisition by developers, one of few similar type of buildings to be Trust listed. No
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View of the hotel in the 1950s. Many of the external and internal modifications dated to this period.
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Enterprise House the 1975 brutalist building on the right just in front and left of the much taller
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ionic columns in a large Paladian arrangement. Other external features included extensive use of
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990:. No. 987. Victoria, Australia. 11 August 1888. p. 3 (SUPPLEMENT TO THE WEEKLY TIMES)
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proceed. The owners would instead attempt to modernise some of the bars and accommodation.
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1886 illustration by engraver F. A. Sleap showing it one floor more than actually built.
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Statuary salvaged from the building on display at McClelland Sculpture Park and Gallery
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The Federal's replacement, the 23 storey Enterprise House was completed by 1975.
884:. Vol. XXXII, no. 9, 342. Victoria, Australia. 27 June 1885. p. 3
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Some minor modifications had taken place by the 1950s, including the removal of
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1238:. Vol. 35, no. 19. Australia, Australia. 4 October 1967. p. 18
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which were later removed, including lions and gryphons on the upper storeys.
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passenger lift, one of Melbourne's earliest which was popular with visitors.
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224:), it is prominent in lists of the buildings Melburnians most regret having
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959:"Federal Hotel". Australian Building and Contracting News. 27 August 1887.
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733:
History of the Hotel Federal : (formerly the Federal Coffee Palace)
1269:"The Federal Hotel will be pulled down soon". The Age. 20 January 1972.
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1365:"Enterprising Singaporean developer starts work on 555 Collins Street"
423:
1180:"Reception desk and lobby, Federal Hotel, Collins Street, Melbourne"
1160:. No. 22, 274. Victoria, Australia. 11 October 1948. p. 4
18:
Knowledge (XXG) talk:Articles for creation/Federal Hotel, Melbourne
1387:"Charter Hall Lodges Plans for $ 1.5bn Collins Street Development"
912:. No. 9597. Victoria, Australia. 21 November 1885. p. 13
646:
499:(but would have almost reached its roof) as well as the 12-storey
354:
330:
265:
1205:"First floor Vestibule, Federal Hotel, Collins Street, Melbourne"
940:. No. 3035. Victoria, Australia. 14 November 1885. p. 2
712:. No. 13, 136. Victoria, Australia. 28 July 1888. p. 12
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in mid 1890, which measured 53m to the top of its corner spire.
400:
The Federal was designed in an eclectic style, with an array of
637:(with 'FCP' in the pattern) was donated by Myles Whelan to the
487:
completed the same year and 9 metres shorter than the 1886
793:"Lost Melbourne: 10 Landmark Buildings Demolished Forever"
1306:
by David Schout for CBD News. November 2022, Issue 92 17
685:
List of demolished buildings and structures in Melbourne
633:
outside Frankston, Victoria in 1996, and a panel of the
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Some elements of the building were carefully removed by
542:
Facade detail prior to demolition, still largely intact.
503:
of 1887, which was 67 metres (220 ft) to the roof.
577:
Federal Hotels P/L, seeking funds to develop Hobart's
1346:, Ministry for Planning, between 1975 and 1979], 1975
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Unlike many other historic buildings in the city the
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In June 1885, the local businessmen and politicians
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1114:"FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE. hotel license applied for"
1152:"NEW CITY BUILDING WILL CHANGE MELBOURNE SKYLINE"
1440:Demolished buildings and structures in Melbourne
976:
974:
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970:
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755:"Forget me not: Melbourne's glorious buildings"
458:styled arch flanked by vault archway openings.
344:Attempts to modernise and decline in popularity
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8:
1284:, Oxford University Press (published 1953),
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1430:Buildings and structures demolished in 1973
824:Chapman, Heather; Stillman, Judith (2015).
156:Ellerker & Kilburn in partnership with
1282:Early Melbourne architecture, 1840 to 1888
1246:– via National Library of Australia.
1168:– via National Library of Australia.
1118:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957)
1040:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957)
998:– via National Library of Australia.
948:– via National Library of Australia.
920:– via National Library of Australia.
892:– via National Library of Australia.
720:– via National Library of Australia.
31:
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817:
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1014:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954)
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1343:Historic Buildings Preservation Council
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611:Historic Buildings Preservation Council
678:Photos taken in 1972 by Graeme Butler
27:Hotel building in Melbourne, Australia
627:McClelland Sculpture Park and Gallery
7:
1455:Coffeehouses and cafés in Australia
1256:[The Age, Melbourne. 1 June 1888 p9
680:shortly before demolition on Flickr
1230:"THE MAN IN THE FIVE-STOREY TOWER"
335:1908 postcard of the Federal Hotel
25:
1425:Hotel buildings completed in 1888
791:Hay, James Grant (2 March 2019).
604:Australian banking crisis of 1893
1460:Temperance movement in Australia
1435:Australian architectural history
1320:. Melbourne University Publish.
554:Street view prior to demolition.
547:
535:
396:Architectural style and features
40:
1010:"THE CITY'S PROGRESS WESTWARDS"
904:"THE NEW FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
497:Chicago Board of Trade Building
89:
35:Federal Hotel and Coffee Palace
1445:Demolished hotels in Australia
1:
1235:The Australian Women's Weekly
1120:. 22 November 1923. p. 9
284:Federal Coffee Palace Company
168:Federal Coffee Palace Company
121:Federal Coffee Palace Company
111:Federal Coffee Palace Company
1068:. Cambridge University Press
46:Federal Coffee Palace, 1890s
1088:"THE FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
1036:"THE FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
982:"The Federal Coffee Palace"
876:"THE FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
850:"THE FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
704:"THE FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
1476:
1066:Encyclopaedia of Melbourne
635:cast-iron stair balustrade
1042:. 31 July 1888. p. 5
669:Architecture of Melbourne
493:New York Tribune Building
483:, 5 metres less than the
454:columns culminating in a
39:
1316:Cannon, Michael (1995).
1016:. 8 June 1886. p. 6
1062:"Federal Coffee Palace"
932:"FEDERAL COFFEE PALACE"
262:Design and construction
200:was a large, elaborate
148:Design and construction
130:165 ft (50 m)
1367:. The Age. 9 June 2017
1209:State Library Victoria
1184:State Library Victoria
656:
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456:Palladian architecture
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310:, which opened at the
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218:Spencer Street Station
709:The Argus (Melbourne)
650:
572:
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527:Demolition and Legacy
513:Alexander Graham Bell
358:
334:
308:Centennial Exhibition
269:
198:Federal Coffee Palace
1280:Casey, Maie (1975),
828:. London: Pavilion.
759:www.heraldsun.com.au
511:Its guests included
471:(53m) in mid 1890.
406:French Second Empire
385:Southern Cross Hotel
312:Exhibition Buildings
303:style mansard roofs
301:French Second Empire
220:(the address is now
202:French Second Empire
1450:Temperance movement
1420:Hotels in Melbourne
1391:The Urban Developer
501:Washington Building
469:Australian Building
402:Renaissance Revival
297:Renaissance Revival
251:Australian Building
233:southern hemisphere
214:Melbourne, Victoria
52:General information
1094:. 25 February 1897
881:Bendigo Advertiser
657:
639:Museum of Victoria
623:Whelan the Wrecker
579:Wrest Point Casino
575:
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420:diocletian windows
392:courtyard garden.
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222:555 Collins Street
78:555 Collins Street
1291:978-0-19-550507-8
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174:Other information
135:Technical details
16:(Redirected from
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761:. 7 October 2014
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187:Number of suites
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1393:. 19 April 2019
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856:. 1 June 1888
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835:9781910496749
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