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Motocross

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the ATV industry recognized a need for uniformity of classes and rules of various local mud bog events. Providing standardized rules created the need for a governing body that both racers and event promoters could turn to and CMR was born. Once unified, a true points series was established and lead to a national championship for what was once nothing more than a hobby for most. In 2007 the finalized board of directors was established and the first races were held in 2008. Currently, the CMR schedule includes eight competition dates spanning from March to November. Points are awarded throughout the season in several different competition classes of ATV and SxS Mud Racing. The 2008 year included Mud Bog and Mudda-Cross competitions, but the 2009 and future seasons will only have Mudda-Cross competitions. Classes range from 0 to 499 cc, to a Super-Modified class which will allow any size ATV in competition.
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Pit bikes also have their own separate competitions held with classes generally corresponding to wheel size. This is a notable difference from Motocross and Supercross competition, where classes are separated by engine displacement. Pit bike racing is a relatively new niche of motocross, and as such,
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Freestyle Motocross (FMX), a relatively new variation of supercross started by the South African champion, Marco Urzi, does not involve racing and instead it concentrates on performing acrobatic stunts while jumping motocross bikes. The winner is chosen by a group of judges. The riders are scored on
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engines in 1997, in an effort to encourage manufacturers to develop environmentally friendlier four-stroke machines. Due to the low relative power output of a four-stroke engine compared to the then-dominating two-stroke design, the displacement limit of a four-stroke power motocross bike was raised
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are small motorbikes that participants in powersports events use to ride around the pits, which are the staging areas where team support vehicles are located. More recently, they have been used in races held on either supercross or motocross tracks. Numerous performance and aesthetic upgrades are
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Motocross sidecars are purpose built frames that resemble an ordinary motocross-cycle with a flat platform to stand on attached to either side and a handlebar at waist height to hold on to. The side of the "chair" (slang for the platform) usually follows the side of the road the nation in question
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The ATV National Motocross Championship was formed around 1985. ATVMX events are hosted at motocross racetracks throughout the United States. ATVMX consists of several groups, including the Pro (AMA Pro) and Amateur (ATVA) series. Championship mud racing (CMR) saw its infancy in 2006 as leaders of
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to grip both the pavement and dirt. Some tracks for these race events have jumps, berms, and whoops like motocross tracks. For special events, the Supermoto track may incorporate metal ramps for jumps that can be disassembled and taken to other locations. Supermoto races may take place at modified
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The annual Motocross des Nations is held at the end of the year when National and World Championship series have ended. The competition involves teams of three riders representing their nations. Each rider competes in a different class (MX1, MX2, and "Open"). There are three motos with two classes
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The AMA Motocross Championship begins in mid May and continues until late August. The championship consists of eleven rounds at eleven major tracks all over the continental United States. There are three classes: the 250cc Motocross Class for 150–250 cc 4-stroke machines, the 450cc Motocross
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when ČZ factory rider Vlastimil Valek rode a 263cc two-stroke motorcycle to win the first moto of the 500cc Czechoslovakian Motocross Grand Prix ahead of a field of top-class, four stroke motorcycles. The victory marked a turning point in motocross history as, it was the first win by a two-stroke
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Th British Motocross Championship is the main UK off-road competition and organised into classes of MX1 and MX2. MX1 is for 250  cc to 450 cc (fourstroke) and MX2 for 175 cc to 250 cc fourstroke motorcycles. In 2007 an additional youth class, the MXY2 class, was added to the
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engines and single-shock absorber rear suspension and "upside-down" (or inverted) front forks. Although the advancement of two-stroke engine technology was the primary focus of the major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers well into the mid 1990s, a rekindled interest in engineering a competitive,
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Pit bikes are frequently heavily customized with decorative add-ons and performance-enhancing parts. Many riders and mechanics bore-out or replace engines in order to increase displacement and therefore power output. Heavy duty suspension systems are often a necessary addition, since the stock
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Pit bikes are powered by 4-stroke, horizontal, single-cylinder engines ranging anywhere in displacement from 49 cc to 195 cc. A typical pit bike is usually a small dirt bike, but it has become common to be able to buy pit bikes with street-style wheels and tires. Pit bikes with street
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is a cycle racing sport involving specialized high-performance off-road motorcycles on constructed dirt tracks with steep jumps and obstacles. Compared to regular motocross, supercross tracks generally have much shorter straights and tighter turns. Professional supercross races, held as the
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Battles between Hallman and Robert quickly became legend, but the most significant moment in the decade of the 1960s came when ČZ factory rider Vlastimil Valek rode a bike with a bored-out 250cc two stroke single and beat a full field of top-class, 500cc four stroke bikes to win the 1963
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began around 1980 and includes hare scramble and enduro type races. To date, events are mainly held in the eastern part of the United States. GNCC racing features many types of obstacles such as, hill climbing, creek and log crossings, dirt roads and wooded trails.
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in 1924. The 100th anniversary of the very first Motocross race will be commemorated in March 2024. The same cub that ran the 1924 event will be running it again over the same land. The entry will be limited to 150 competitors – see
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Grand Prix Motocross World Championship is predominantly held in Europe, but also includes events in North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. It is the major Motocross series worldwide. There are three classes:
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From the late 1970s to early 1990s, Japanese motorcycle manufacturers presided over a boom period in motocross technology. The typical air-cooled two-strokes with twin-shock rear suspension and telescopic front forks gave way to
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schedule, normally beginning in Anaheim, California, and ending in Las Vegas, Nevada. The 250 cc class is split into two series, east and west. The 450 cc class has one large series with events across the US and Canada.
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In 2022, the World Supercross Championship was demerged from the AMA Supercross Championship, to be held as a standalone series once more. The series previously ran from 2003 to 2008. Supercross events are also held in
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has been around since the 1950s but has declined in popularity since the mid‑1980s. This variant is common in Europe, with a few followers in the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. The premier competition, the
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and off-road. Vintage motocross (VMX) events take place – usually for motorcycles predating the 1975 model year. Many VMX races also include a "Post Vintage" portion, which usually includes bikes dating until 1983.
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in 1998, Henry won the 250 AMA Motocross Championship and became the first person to win a major AMA Motocross title on a four-stroke powered motorcycle. This success motivated the remaining major manufacturers,
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envisioned a racing event that would prove who the best motorcycle racer was. From 1980 to 1985, he organized a yearly event called "The Superbikers", which pitted the top riders from three disciplines,
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in 1979. After 1985, the sport declined and received little exposure in the US, but in Europe, it started gaining popularity, and in 2003 it was revived in the US, when the name became Supermoto.
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machines were relegated to niche competitions. Riders from Belgium and Sweden began to dominate the sport during this period. Motocross arrived in the United States in 1966 when Swedish champion,
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that began in 1912. When organisers dispensed with delicate balancing and strict scoring of trials in favour of a race to become the fastest rider to the finish, the activity became known as "
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A "Veterans" series was introduced in 2009 with just two rounds but the demand for places was so high that from 2011 the Veterans series will have three rounds, held over six races.
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Class for 251–450 cc 4-stroke machines and a 250cc Women's Class, using the same rules as men's 250cc. Race events take place over two motos of 30 minutes plus two laps each.
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uses motocross bikes converted for racing on tracks consisting of three sections: flat dirt, dirt obstacles, and paved road. The bikes have special road-racing tires with grooved
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Off-road motorcycles from that era differed little from those used on the street. The intense competition over rugged terrain led to technical improvements in motorcycles. Rigid
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KLX110, and apply all the necessary upgrades and modifications to build a competitive pit bike. Of course, a rider could also buy a used bike. Since 2004, manufacturers like
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appeared by the early 1950s, several years before manufacturers incorporated it in the majority of production street bikes. The period after World War II was dominated by
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The major frame builders today are VMC, BSU, AYR, EML and Woodenleg. Ordinary engines can be used, but size matters and two engines purpose built for sidecars exist,
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drives upon, but not always. The passenger balances the bike by being a counterweight, especially in corners and on jumps. It is driven on ordinary crosstracks.
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winning world championships on four-stroke machinery. In 1997, Yamaha unveiled a prototype 400cc four-stroke motorcycle, the YZM 400, which was debuted in the
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a 250 cc world championship was established and, new rules were adopted dividing the races into two 45 minute heat races that were referred to as motos.
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have begun designing, manufacturing, importing, and selling already complete pit bikes. These bikes are less expensive, and require less time to complete.
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competing per moto. The location of the event changes from year to year. The United States, Belgium and Great Britain have had the greatest success.
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The supercross season takes place during the winter and spring months, with races in a different city every weekend. There are 17 races in the
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go-kart tracks, road racing tracks, or even street racing tracks. There are also classes for children, such as the 85 cc class.
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Japanese motorcycle manufacturers began challenging the European factories for supremacy in the motocross world by the late 1960s.
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mini-bike suspension was designed for a small child. Wheel, brake, and tire upgrades are sometimes performed to improve handling.
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Facing tightening federal emissions regulations in the United States, the AMA increased the allowable displacement capacity for
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competed in the events. The first motocross race held on an artificial track inside a stadium took place on August 28, 1948, at
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It is very physically demanding, especially for the passenger. This is reflected in most in the Swedish term for passenger,
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The new regulations resulted in competitors aboard four-strokes made by smaller European manufacturers, with Husqvarna,
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style, level of trick difficulty, best use of the course, and frequently, crowd reactions. FMX was introduced to the
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The Netherlands – Koninklijke Nederlandse Motorrijdersvereniging (KNMV), Motorsport Organisatie Nederland (MON)
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Originally, there was only one way to acquire a pit bike. A rider would buy a child's minibike, usually a
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Jeremy McGrath won 7 Premier Class AMA Supercross titles, earning him the nickname the "King of Supercross"
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became the first non-European competitor to win a motocross world championship and, in 1982
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generation, helped to spark a growth in the popularity of motocross among young Americans.
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Throughout the United States and the United Kingdom there are many quad racing clubs with
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lightweight four-stroke motocross race bike was expressed among several brands, including
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During the 1930s the sport grew in popularity, especially in Britain where teams from the
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for 250cc machines, and Women's MX. Competitions consist of two races which are called
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claimed the first world championship for a Japanese factory when Joël Robert won the
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By the mid-1960s, advances in two-stroke engine technology meant that the heavier,
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powered motorcycle in the premier division of the Motocross World Championships.
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A number of other types of motorcycle sport have been derived from Motocross.
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The Powerhouse MX Nations: USA, Belgium, UK, Netherlands, France, and Germany
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Ireland – Motorcycle Union of Ireland (MCUI) – NB covers the whole island
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Austria – Osterreichische Automobil, Motorrad und Touring Club (OAMTC)
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rode an exhibition event against the top American TT riders at the
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in the Paris suburb of Montrouge. The event was the forerunner to
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from England became popular due to their lightness and agility.
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The sport has further evolved into a sub-discipline similar to
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became the first individual American motocross world champion.
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Thailand – Federation of Motor Sport Clubs of Thailand (FMSCT)
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A significant moment in motocross history occurred during the
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Off-road motorcycle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits
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Supermoto began in the US the late 1970s when TV journalist
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held on enclosed off-road circuits. The sport evolved from
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Visual Interpretation of the Dirt Bike Evolution Timeline
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Two riders go into a corner at a mini-motocross event in
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there is no official governing body similar to the AMA.
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Lithuania – Lietuvos Motociklų Sporto Federacija (LMSF)
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Brazil – Confederação Brasileira de Motociclismo (CBM)
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to 250cc in the 125 class and 550cc in the 250 class.
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Spain – Real Federación Motociclista Española (RFME)
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France – Fédération Française de Motocyclisme (FFM)
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Estonia – Eesti Motorrattaspordi Föderatsioon (EMF)
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Belgium – Federation Motocycliste de Belgique (FMB)
322:motorcycles came into their own. Companies such as 318:In the smaller 250 cc category companies with 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1715:Switzerland – Federation Motocycliste Suisse (FMS) 1810:The Guinness book of motorcycling facts and feats 1662:Italy – Federazione Motociclistica Italiana (FMI) 311:it was upgraded to World Championship status. In 1932:"Motocross goes International 1947 through 1965" 1694:Portugal – Federação Motociclismo Portugal (FMP) 1630:Czech Republic – Autoklub České republiky (ACCR) 228:https://www.camberleyanddistrictmotorclub.co.uk/ 2351:American Historic Racing Motorcycle Association 1665:Latvia – Latvijas Motosporta Federācija (LaMSF) 295:and twin shock absorbers on the rear suspension 2032:"Edison Dye: The Father of American Motocross" 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1709:Slovenia – Auto-Cycle Union of Slovenia (AMZS) 1697:Russia – Motorcycle Federation of Russia (MFR) 3669: 3310: 2639: 1706:Slovakia – Slovak motorcycle federation (SMF) 626:with a duration of 30 minutes plus two laps. 8: 2193:"U.S. Trophee and MX des Nations Team, 1981" 2124:"Joël Robert at the Motorcycle Hall of Fame" 2102:"Boom Time: American Motocross in the 1970s" 1812:, Guinness Superlatives, pp. 202, 211, 1712:Sweden – Svenska Motorsportförbundet (SVEMO) 1700:South Africa – Motorsport South Africa (MSA) 1188:but with changes in esthetic and motorparts. 2010:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 14. 1874:"The birth of motocross: 1924 through 1939" 1725:(ACU), with other separate bodies like the 4062: 3697: 3676: 3662: 3654: 3317: 3303: 3295: 2646: 2632: 2624: 2546:. Championship Mud Racing. 29 October 2012 2283:Assoc, American Motorcyclist (June 1997). 1374:Manufacturers that have ceased production 2614:Official FIM World Motocross Championship 2076:"Corriganville/Hopetown Motorcycle Races" 1654:Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India 1600:(FIM), with federations in many nations. 1598:Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme 1584:Learn how and when to remove this message 1006:Learn how and when to remove this message 578:Learn how and when to remove this message 194:'s first quarterly trial in 1909 and the 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4389:Sports originating in the United Kingdom 1217:(Italy) 2008 first 450 cc dirt bike 519:, where motocross machines race both on 408:and, held its first stadium race at the 186:Motocross first evolved in Britain from 2482:"Veterans Class as hot as MX1 and MX2!" 1790: 1759:Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling 1684:Norway – Norges Motorsportforbund (NMF) 1596:Motocross is governed worldwide by the 2309: 2299: 2262: 2252: 1622:Canadian Motorsport Racing Corp.(CMRC) 1639:Finland – Suomen Moottoriliitto (SML) 1626:Canadian Motorcycle Association (CMA) 1057:, are used in Mini Supermoto Racing. 347:1963 FIM Motocross World Championship 217:The first known scramble race in the 214:, into a blend with "cross country". 7: 2173:. pigtailpals.com. 17 September 2019 2104:. pigtailpals.com. 17 September 2019 2056:. pigtailpals.com. 17 September 2019 1934:. pigtailpals.com. 17 September 2019 1901:. pigtailpals.org. 17 September 2019 1876:. pigtailpals.com. 17 September 2019 1633:Denmark – Danmarks Motor Union (DMU) 988:adding citations to reliable sources 560:adding citations to reliable sources 58:adding citations to reliable sources 4394:Games and sports introduced in 1924 2078:. employees.oxy.edu. Archived from 138:A motocross rider coming off a jump 2054:"Edison Dye and his Flying Circus" 1979:, Walsworth, Marceline, Missouri, 871:at the 2006 Glen Helen MX national 793:and mainstream audiences in 1999. 752:Australian Supercross Championship 710:Australian Supercross Championship 25: 1746:American Motorcyclist Association 1376: 1338: 1196: 1147: 1082: 758:. Along with the SX Open held in 706:FIM Supercross World Championship 452:Motor Corporation and Husqvarna. 402:American Motorcyclist Association 4123: 3743: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3625: 2454:Paetow, Stefan (10 March 2008). 1899:"Taking Motocross to the people" 1764:FIM Motocross World Championship 1727:Amateur Motorcycling Association 1680:New Zealand Dirt Bike Federation 1564:, and discuss this issue on the 1549:may have confusing or ambiguous 1538: 964: 605:FIM Motocross World Championship 599:FIM Motocross World Championship 591:FIM Motocross World Championship 536: 473:FIM Motocross World Championship 330:from the former Czechoslovakia, 34: 2524:. ATV Motocross. 1 January 2013 1769:List of AMA Motocross Champions 975:needs additional citations for 924:Sidecarcross World Championship 547:needs additional citations for 45:needs additional citations for 679:programme at selected rounds. 674:British Motocross Championship 668:British Motocross Championship 1: 3367:Universal Japanese Motorcycle 686:Sports derived from motocross 232:Birmingham Small Arms Company 2655:Extreme and adventure sports 2236:Amick, Bill (October 1982). 1806:Setright, L. J. K. 1275:Mojo Motorcycles (Australia) 1034:often applied to pit bikes. 956:Pit bikes and mini-motocross 4221:Radio-controlled car racing 2508:australiansupercross.com.au 1992:Czechoslovakian Grand Prix. 1954:"Namur MX The Heroic Years" 1300:Pitster Pro (United States) 739:AMA Supercross Championship 728:AMA Supercross Championship 700:AMA Supercross Championship 406:AMA Motocross Championships 4410: 3876:Mountain bike orienteering 1977:Motocross The Golden Years 1647:Deutscher Motor Sport Bund 1485: 1433: 1379: 1354: 1341: 1285: 1245: 1199: 1160: 1150: 1123: 1107: 1085: 895: 856: 800: 773: 703: 697: 671: 656: 636:AMA Motocross Championship 633: 630:AMA Motocross Championship 602: 365:also known as Hopetown in 190:competitions, such as the 4374:Motorcycle racing by type 4343: 4200:Offshore powerboat racing 4152:Motorcycle chariot racing 4121: 3741: 3621: 3132:Aggressive inline skating 2544:"Championship Mud Racing" 2377:"2016 MXGP Race Schedule" 1193:Niche market manufactures 363:Corriganville Movie Ranch 174:competitions held in the 4195:Inshore powerboat racing 2327:Brett Smith (May 2017). 2148:. motorcyclistonline.com 1975:Dewhurst, David (2022), 1676:Motorcycling New Zealand 879:and quadcross sections. 269:by the early 1930s, and 4348:List of forms of racing 3715:Middle-distance running 1779:Bicycle Motocross (BMX) 1689:Polski Związek Motorowy 1385:(UK) – off-road became 910:-engined sidecar outfit 867:Professional ATV racer 367:Simi Valley, California 196:Scottish Six Days Trial 4190:Jet sprint boat racing 2195:. motorcyclemuseum.org 2146:"The First Supercross" 2126:. motorcyclemuseum.org 2004:Bryan Stealey (2008). 1606:Motorcycling Australia 1027: 911: 872: 816: 785: 756:Motorcycling Australia 719: 654: 600: 404:(AMA) inaugurated the 396:250 cc crown. In 296: 157: 156:Motocross championship 139: 3793:Cross country running 3720:Long-distance running 3008:Parachuting/Skydiving 2566:"Thumpstar Australia" 2396:. AMA. Archived from 2391:"Motocross Rule Book" 2171:"The young Americans" 1333:Chinese manufacturers 1053:tires, as opposed to 1021: 905: 866: 810: 783: 717: 659:Motocross des Nations 653:Motocross des Nations 652: 645:Motocross des Nations 598: 425:Motocross des Nations 286: 155: 137: 4287:Cross-country skiing 4261:Slalom skateboarding 3944:Mountain bike racing 3122:Freestyle scootering 2948:Traditional climbing 2435:on 29 September 2011 2357:on 24 September 2011 2239:It's Lackey, At Last 2082:on 27 September 2011 2034:. earlyyearsofmx.com 1562:improve this section 1166:(France & Spain) 1074:Motocross motorcycle 984:improve this article 846:Wide World of Sports 784:"superman seat-grab" 618:for 450cc machines, 556:improve this article 509:all-terrain vehicles 410:Los Angeles Coliseum 54:improve this article 4095:Pickup truck racing 4030:Paralympic swimming 4020:Open water swimming 3929:Road bicycle racing 3049:Powered paragliding 2876:Whitewater kayaking 2871:Whitewater canoeing 2484:. 27 September 2010 2423:"ACU Handbook 2010" 2347:"Vintage Motocross" 1079:Major manufacturers 859:All-terrain vehicle 776:Freestyle Motocross 513:Freestyle motocross 4311:Multi-sport racing 4110:Touring car racing 3896:Canoe orienteering 3891:Radio orienteering 3886:Trail orienteering 3545:Emergency services 3536:TT Zero race class 3180:Ski mountaineering 2943:Free solo climbing 2881:Whitewater rafting 2462:on 2 December 2010 1556:Please review the 1449:Fabrique Nationale 1028: 912: 873: 853:ATV/Quad Motocross 817: 815:rider on the track 786: 720: 655: 601: 528:Major competitions 297: 158: 140: 4356: 4355: 4239: 4238: 4185:Hydroplane racing 4134:Motorcycle racing 4100:Sports car racing 4025:Marathon swimming 3906:Mountain marathon 3871:Foot orienteering 3857: 3856: 3651: 3650: 3598:Motorcycle hearse 3526:Electric dragbike 3424:Adventure touring 3292: 3291: 2938:Big wall climbing 2686:Kite landboarding 2017:978-0-7787-3990-6 1986:978-0-578-29016-4 1721:United Kingdom – 1594: 1593: 1586: 1527: 1526: 1372: 1371: 1330: 1329: 1172: 1171: 1141: 1140: 1016: 1015: 1008: 917:racing, known as 588: 587: 580: 293:air-cooled engine 291:360 cc with 188:motorcycle trials 172:motorcycle trials 168:motorcycle racing 153: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4401: 4318:Adventure racing 4180:Drag boat racing 4172:Motorboat racing 4127: 4105:Stock car racing 4063: 3987:Greyhound racing 3911:Car orienteering 3881:Ski orienteering 3844:Snowshoe running 3839:Backward running 3798:Mountain running 3786:Off-road running 3747: 3698: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3655: 3640: 3639: 3629: 3628: 3583:Cabin motorcycle 3531:TTXGP race class 3319: 3312: 3305: 3296: 3229:Adventure racing 3203:Extreme sledding 3170:Freestyle skiing 2981:Ski-BASE jumping 2854:Technical diving 2701:Mountainboarding 2648: 2641: 2634: 2625: 2592: 2591: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2570:thumpstar.com.au 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2458:. 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2621: 2616: 2611: 2600: 2599:External links 2597: 2594: 2593: 2575: 2557: 2535: 2513: 2495: 2473: 2446: 2414: 2403:on 7 July 2011 2382: 2368: 2338: 2319: 2272: 2228: 2215:"MXDN History" 2206: 2184: 2159: 2137: 2115: 2093: 2067: 2045: 2023: 2016: 1996: 1985: 1967: 1945: 1912: 1887: 1865: 1824: 1818: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1742: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1685: 1682: 1674:New Zealand – 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1592: 1591: 1546: 1544: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1439:(East Germany) 1432: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1345: 1344:Apollo (China) 1337: 1336: 1334: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1273: 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620:MX2 611:FIM 558:by 469:KTM 419:In 305:FIM 299:In 278:BSA 248:AJS 56:by 4365:: 2586:. 2568:. 2506:. 2349:. 2331:. 2306:: 2304:}} 2300:{{ 2275:^ 2259:: 2257:}} 2253:{{ 2162:^ 1989:, 1915:^ 1890:^ 1827:^ 1793:^ 1733:, 1427:CZ 1176:TM 906:A 839:, 811:A 762:, 511:. 484:, 431:, 373:, 328:CZ 287:A 242:, 238:, 221:, 178:. 3955:) 3951:( 3677:e 3670:t 3663:v 3494:) 3490:( 3318:e 3311:t 3304:v 2647:e 2640:t 2633:v 2590:. 2572:. 2554:. 2532:. 2510:. 2492:. 2470:. 2443:. 2411:. 2379:. 2365:. 2335:. 2316:) 2296:. 2269:) 2249:. 2225:. 2203:. 2181:. 2156:. 2134:. 2112:. 2090:. 2064:. 2042:. 2020:. 1964:. 1942:. 1909:. 1884:. 1862:. 1741:. 1587:) 1581:( 1576:) 1572:( 1568:. 1554:. 1026:. 1009:) 1003:( 998:) 994:( 980:. 581:) 575:( 570:) 566:( 552:. 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 20:)

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