31:
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765:(1914–1996), a Belarusian woman who was hired in Kube's household as a maid and was convinced to assassinate him later. According to alternate version, the explosives were set up by Lev Liberman from the Minsk ghetto, who was also employed in the household, but this later proved to be false. In total, 12 groups received an order from Moscow to assassinate Kube.
732:, in which he stated that "during the evacuation of Jews from the Reich, the guidelines on who was to be evacuated had not been properly observed" and he attached a list of names. During the 2 March 1942 massacre, Generalkommissar Kube withheld German Jews from a mass shooting which was conducted in Minsk under the supervision of SturmbannfĂĽhrer
747:
Following lengthy talks with the SS-BrigadefĂĽhrer Zenner and the extraordinarily diligent head of the SD, SS-ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
Strauch, in the last two weeks in White Russia we have liquidated roughly 55,000 Jews....In the city of Minsk about 10,000 Jews were liquidated on 28 and 29 July. Of these,
630:, began an investigation into Kube due to allegations of adultery and corruption in running his Gau, including nepotism, favoritism and a dictatorial management style. In December he was issued a letter of reprimand. Swearing revenge, Kube sent an anonymous letter claiming that Buch was married to a "
423:
and participant in numerous war crimes against Jewish people, he is known to have said about Jews: "What plague and syphilis are to humanity, are Jews to the white race." However, Kube behaved towards German Jews in a relatively mild way during his rule in Minsk, by trying—generally unsuccessfully—to
736:, at which 3,412 Jews were killed, an unprecedented act that provoked a formal complaint from the SS according to which "Generalkommissar Kube appears to have promised to the German Jews, who before my time were delivered to the ghetto five thousand strong, that life and health would remain theirs".
690:
The town was a picture of horror during the action. With indescribable brutality on the part of both the German police officers and particularly the
Lithuanian partisans, the Jewish people, but also among them Belarusians, were taken out of their dwellings and herded together. Everywhere in the town
768:
The bomb went off forty minutes early, purportedly due to higher air temperature than that during bomb testing. In retaliation, the SS killed more than 1,000 male citizens of Minsk. Owing to Kube's antagonistic attitude to some SS anti-Jewish actions, Himmler felt that the dead man had been well on
699:
I am submitting this report in duplicate so that one copy may be forwarded to the Reich
Minister. Peace and order cannot be maintained in Belarus with methods of that sort. To bury seriously wounded people alive who worked their way out of their graves again is such a base and filthy act that the
716:
Kube's less hostile view of German versus non German Jews is shown in his behaviour towards German Jews deported to Minsk. He was particularly incensed by the presence of deportees who had been decorated for their service in World War I. In at least one instance, he was able to arrange for the
748:
6,500 were
Russian Jews, predominantly women, children, and the aged; the rest were Jews unfit for labor, mainly from Vienna, BrĂĽnn, Bremen, and Berlin. The latter had been sent to Minsk last year in accordance with the FĂĽhrer's orders....In Minsk proper there are 2,600 Jews from Germany left.
682:(death squads) massacred Jews without the authority of the local Nazi civil administration and Security SS authorities. Local non-Jewish Belarusians were also killed, creating great resentment among the population. Kube wrote in protest to his supervisor and ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
597:
ordered an unconstitutional, premature re-election of all presbyters and synodals, with the German
Christians now gaining 70–80% of the seats, so Kube could then further advance as head of the Berlin synod of the old-Prussian Church. Following the German
640:. In the course of a Gestapo investigation, it came to light that the letter had been written by Kube. Buch and Bormann saw to it that Kube was removed from all of his posts on 7 August 1936. Only on Hitler's orders was he allowed to retain the title of
634:". This, of course, would have far-reaching implications not only for Buch but for Bormann, whose wife consequently also was accused of not being a pure Aryan. Kube was leveling serious charges at two Party
712:
At that moment, several SS officers, among them
Wilhelm Kube, arrived, whereupon Kube, immaculate in his uniform, threw handfuls of sweets to the shrieking children. All the children perished in the sand.
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1171:
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Heydrich flew to Minsk to deliver Kube a reprimand, after which he felt compelled to comply with extermination actions. On 31 July he wrote to his friend, the
Reichskommissar for the Ostland,
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protect them, whom he felt as culturally closer to
Germans, from extermination. As for Minsk, he planned to level the city and replace it with a German settlement, called Asgard.
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776:, along with other members of the assassination group Nadezhda Troyan and Maria Osipova. After the war she went on to become deputy director of the Fundamental Library of the
367:
923:
Nazi
Conspiracy and Aggression: Volume III (Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality OCCPAC). Washington, D.C.: USGPO. 1946. pp.783–789
798:""What plague and syphilis are to humanity, are Jews to the white race." in Finnish "Sitä mitä rutto ja syfilis ovat ihmiskunnalle, ovat juutalaiset valkoiselle rodulle.""
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shots were to be heard and in different streets the corpses of shot Jews accumulated. The
Belarusians were in greatest distress to free themselves from the encirclement.
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over a search conducted of Kube's mistress' apartment, Kube offered his resignation from the SS on 11 March 1936; he was officially discharged on 1 April.
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during the early years of Nazi rule. During the war he became a senior official in the occupation government of the Soviet Union, achieving the rank of
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496:, thus uniting under his leadership the highest party and governmental offices in the provinces. On 14 September 1933, he was appointed to the
882:
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589:). When in 1933 the Nazis came to power he remained active in the German Christian movement which sought to "Nazify" the 28 Protestant
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state legislature). Under his leadership it grew to be the largest party in the Landtag by 1932. On 1 February 1928, he was appointed
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672:. In this role, Kube oversaw the extermination of the large Jewish population of this area. He was nevertheless outraged by the
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the way to booking himself a place in a concentration camp anyway, and reportedly described the assassination as a "blessing".
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708:. During a search by German and Belarusian police, a group of children were seized and thrown into pits of deep sand to die.
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His interest in these Jews, whom he regarded as belonging "to our cultural milieu," prompted him to file a complaint with
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Mazanik escaped the reprisals and continued to fight with the partisans. On 29 October 1943 she was awarded the title
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Kube remained an active Christian as well as a zealous Nazi, and in 1932 he organised the list of candidates of the
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on 13 November that year. The German Christians then gained about a third of all seats in presbyteries and
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in his Minsk apartment by a time device hidden in his mattress. The bomb was placed by Soviet partisan
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577:; Berlin then comprised 11 deaneries altogether), and these synodals again elected him a member of
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from electoral constituency 5, Frankfurt/Oder. On 9 September 1935, Kube was made a member of the
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in late 1927. From 1928 he was also the leader of the tiny Nazi party faction (6 seats) in the
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877:. Vol. 2 (Georg Joel – Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing. pp. 142–145.
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Tatorte der „Endlösung“ - Das Ghetto Minsk und die Vernichtungsstätte von Maly Trostinez.
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Die völkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
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Despite these misgivings, Kube participated in an atrocity on 2 March 1942 in the
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On 17 July 1941, in the wake of the German occupation of the western parts of the
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945
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470:. On 1 June 1933, this was merged with the neighboring Gau Brandenburg to form
829:(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), pp. 116–119.
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565:. The presbyters elected him from their midst as synodal into the competent
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Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin By Timothy Snyder page 251
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incidents as such should be reported to the FĂĽhrer and Reichsmarschall.
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557:. Kube was elected as one of the presbyters of the congregation of
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644:, albeit without a Gau. Furthermore, owing to a dispute with
985:(Berkeley: University of California Press 1987), pp. 116–119.
941:
Gilbert, M: "The Holocaust", page 297. Fontana/Collins, 1987.
416:, triggering brutal reprisals against the city's citizens.
523:. In November 1933 he was elected as a Nazi deputy to the
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Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross
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Reidlinger 1960 p.157 as quoted in Turonek 1989 p.118.
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in 1939 his Nazi party domain was extended to include
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517:and on 27 January 1934, he was promoted to SS-
390:politician. He was an important figure in the
482:. After the Nazis came to power, he was made
382:(13 November 1887 – 22 September 1943) was a
8:
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873:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
551:Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union
1142:German National People's Party politicians
897:Biographical information from Ernst Klee,
757:At 1:20 am on 22 September 1943, Kube was
29:
18:
1152:German Völkisch Freedom Party politicians
214:17 July 1941 – 22 September 1943
1192:Nazi leaders assassinated by the Allies
789:
543:Faith Movement of the German Christians
412:in 1943 after his participation in the
1078:Newspaper clippings about Wilhelm Kube
966:"The Camp of the German Jews in Minsk"
511:on 29 September 1933 with the rank of
64:1 February 1928 – 1 June 1933
1167:Members of the Academy for German Law
1132:Deaths by improvised explosive device
899:Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich
167:18 July 1933 – 7 August 1936
7:
1212:People of Reichskommissariat Ostland
1162:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1048:The Destruction of the European Jews
121:29 May 1933 – 7 August 1936
85:1 June 1933 – 7 August 1936
1207:People from the Province of Silesia
1127:Dachau concentration camp personnel
614:Accusations and removal from office
16:German politician and Nazi official
1247:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
1242:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
1237:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
1182:Members of the Reichstag 1924–1928
652:Generalkommissar of Weissruthenien
474:Kurmark (later reorganized as the
14:
1157:Holocaust perpetrators in Belarus
664:for Weissruthenien (now known as
350:
1197:Assassinated German politicians
847:Uwe Puschner (Professor at the
324:History, economics and theology
1091:Information about Wilhelm Kube
778:Belarusian Academy of Sciences
593:in Germany. For 23 July 1933,
1:
1232:Members of the Reichstag 1932
1177:Members of the Reichstag 1924
983:Hitler and the Final Solution
827:Hitler and the Final Solution
721:; the man, Karl Loewenstein (
604:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
545:for the ordinary election of
488:of the Prussian provinces of
448:as a student, and joined the
981:Quoted from Gerald Fleming,
668:), with his headquarters in
537:Nazification of Christianity
466:of Ostmark with his seat at
1082:20th Century Press Archives
725:), survived the war there.
404:. He was assassinated by a
401:Generalbezirk WeiĂźruthenien
201:Generalbezirk WeiĂźruthenien
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1227:Deaths by explosive device
1051:(3rd ed.). New Haven, CT:
1021:Captain Vasiliy Tsvetkov.
901:(Fischer Verlag 2005), 346
802:www.nazi-lauck-nsdapao.com
1093:in the Reichstag database
849:Free University of Berlin
676:in October 1941, when SS
444:. Kube was active in the
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303:Manner of death
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997:"800 дней воли и борьбы"
911:Miller & Schulz 2017
774:Hero of the Soviet Union
549:and synodals within the
476:Gau March of Brandenburg
1117:Antisemitism in Germany
950:Rentrup, Petra (2011).
626:, the father-in-law of
1023:"A Bomb for Gauleiter"
932:accessed January 2008.
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531:Academy for German Law
498:Prussian State Council
1053:Yale University Press
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579:deanery synodal board
468:Frankfurt an der Oder
608:Reichsgau Wartheland
587:Kreissynodalvorstand
442:University of Berlin
335:University of Berlin
913:, pp. 145–148.
723:de:Karl Loewenstein
660:, he was appointed
620:Supreme Party Court
478:) with its seat in
1202:People from GĹ‚ogĂłw
1147:German Protestants
1122:Christian fascists
928:2011-05-22 at the
855:, Darmstadt 2001,
600:conquest of Poland
507:. Kube joined the
502:Minister-President
494:Posen-West Prussia
436:(today's GĹ‚ogĂłw),
273:Kingdom of Prussia
155:Posen-West Prussia
964:Fleming, Gerald.
884:978-1-932970-32-6
730:Reinhard Heydrich
646:Reinhard Heydrich
618:In late 1935 the
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378:
358:Nazi Germany
288:(1943-09-22)
232:Succeeded by
224:
209:
199:
194:
183:Succeeded by
162:
148:
137:Succeeded by
116:
102:
91:Succeeded by
80:
69:
59:
48:
38:Wilhelm Kube
35:
23:Wilhelm Kube
1112:1943 deaths
1107:1887 births
1006:10 February
743:, in Riga:
624:Walter Buch
575:Kreissynode
490:Brandenburg
419:An extreme
220:Preceded by
188:Emil StĂĽrtz
173:Preceded by
142:Emil StĂĽrtz
131:Adolf Meier
127:Preceded by
109:Brandenburg
96:Emil StĂĽrtz
1137:Gauleiters
1101:Categories
1029:2012-12-24
1025:. De Bello
970:nizkor.org
812:2016-05-08
784:References
561:in Berlin-
547:presbyters
514:OberfĂĽhrer
450:Nazi Party
428:Early life
421:antisemite
346:Allegiance
330:Alma mater
315:Nazi Party
297:RK Ostland
258:1887-11-13
642:Gauleiter
526:Reichstag
463:Gauleiter
414:Holocaust
321:Education
210:In office
163:In office
117:In office
81:In office
71:Gauleiter
60:In office
50:Gauleiter
1045:(2003).
926:Archived
863:, p. 11.
632:half-Jew
458:Prussian
1084:of the
1080:in the
666:Belarus
569:synod (
567:deanery
269:Silesia
975:14 May
881:
859:
595:Hitler
583:German
571:German
555:synods
480:Berlin
434:Glogau
388:German
355:
265:Glogau
1001:sb.by
670:Minsk
410:Minsk
293:Minsk
1008:2015
977:2016
879:ISBN
857:ISBN
606:and
492:and
398:for
384:Nazi
364:Rank
283:Died
252:Born
1086:ZBW
851:):
472:Gau
408:in
197:for
153:of
107:of
1103::
999:.
968:.
800:.
780:.
686::
610:.
585::
573::
533:.
509:SS
295:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
1032:.
1010:.
979:.
887:.
815:.
581:(
456:(
260:)
256:(
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