307:. On the ship, in addition to their luggage, were various animals and a second unknown number of hives of bees. The ship's captain from London refused Cotton permission to keep the hogshead on board so it was discarded on shore and Cotton was forced to house the hives as best he could. From Cotton's personal hand written note book, discovered languishing and unrecognized in a New Zealand book shop in 2015: “When however I arrived in Plymouth, the Tomatin was found to be so very full that Captain Nelson begged me to have the large barrel in which I had prepared to pack them , landed again. I did so and was sorry for it as I foresaw that my Bees would have but a poor chance of getting to their journeys end. The Hives were placed some in the jolly boat, some on the hay which was stowed on the quarter . ”Cotton's letter dated 30 December 1841, passed to a homeward bound brig on 21 January, stated the bees were safe. In his own hand Cotton revealed the fate of his bees: “the sailors were unfortunately so very fond of honey, that many of the Hives were turned up in the night, and the combs rudely pulled out. The Bees were kept confined for the first fortnight. But they seemed so uneasy at their confinement when we came into the warm latitudes that on a calm day I was induced to give them a fly. They hummed merrily about the poop, and in the evening all went back to their hives. Even when a gentle breeze sprung up, they seemed to have no ...” Unfortunately, the script of his note book ends in mid-sentence. The bees did not survive the trip to Sydney. Also on board was a
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By
October 1843 more missionaries had arrived at Waimate and Cotton was able to accompany Bishop Selwyn on his second tour, this time to mission stations and native settlements in the southern part of North Island. Their journey was made partly by canoe but mainly by walking, often for large distances over difficult and dangerous terrain. Part way through the tour Selwyn decided to split the party into two sections with one section led by himself and the other by Cotton. After being away for nearly three months, Cotton arrived back at Waimate early in 1844 and Selwyn returned a few weeks later. Later in 1844 Selwyn decided to move some 160 miles (257 km) south to
296:, ride a horse, and row and sail boats. The Tomatin sailed from London for Plymouth Sound without Cotton who went overland to Plymouth before eventually boarding the ship there. Cotton had loaded some hives of bees aboard but had not packed them securely within a hogshead as planned in My Bee Book. Delayed in the English Channel by contrary winds the bee hives were so thrown about aboard the Tomatin that they were jettisoned overboard in Plymouth Sound in Cotton's absence. The missionary party of 23 members set sail from
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where he bought 450 acres (1.8 km) of land, giving it the name of Bishop's
Auckland. The party left on 23 October and arrived in Auckland on 17 November. During the first six months of 1845 Selwyn was away for much of the time and management of the settlement, and particularly the schools, fell
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had established a settlement 11 years earlier. On 5 July 1842 Selwyn set out on a six-month tour of his diocese leaving the
Mission Station in the care of Sarah, his wife, and Cotton. While he was away Cotton was effectively the head of the mission, director of the college and minister at the church.
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was obtained to allow John Ashton to take charge of the affairs of the parish; Cotton was readmitted to Manor House in the early summer and died there in June. His funeral took place at St John the
Baptist's Church in Leytonstone and he was buried in the family grave in the churchyard. On the same
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minister, in March 1839. While Cotton was in Sydney in April 1842 he arranged for hives of bees to be sent to him after his arrival in New
Zealand. This took longer than Cotton had expected and it was not until August 1843 that he received his first colony of honey bees at Waimate. When he moved
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There is little information about the nine years following Cotton's return from New
Zealand. He remained a Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford, but was in residence in the college only intermittently. He spent some of this time travelling on the Continent. In 1855 he was in
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to Cotton. Cotton continued to work in Bishop's
Auckland particularly as headmaster of St John's College, and also with ecclesiastical duties and practical tasks. He finally left New Zealand in December 1847, together with Bambridge, arriving in England in May 1848.
555:, under the care of Dr Seymour Tuke. There was some improvement in his mental condition and by 1870 Cotton was making arrangements for the restoration of the parish church. At this time there was competition from other denominations, particularly the Wesleyan
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and Cotton offered to go with him as his chaplain. This decision met with disapproval from Cotton's father who said "You are not missionary material". Cotton did have some of the practical skills which would be valuable; he could use various tools, including a
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was in a bad condition. To make matters worse, the church stood in an elevated position above the town, making access difficult. Cotton sank into a state of apathy and despondence, and in the autumn of 1865 he was admitted for several weeks to
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461:(The Bees) was published the following year. There is a tradition that Cotton introduced bees to New Zealand but this is incorrect, although he was largely responsible for teaching the skills of beekeeping to the immigrants and the natives.
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From his childhood Cotton had a passionate interest in bees and beekeeping. At Oxford
University he was a founder and the first secretary of the Oxford Apiarian Society. In 1837 he published his first work about bees,
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When Cotton was later appointed vicar of
Frodsham he continued his interest in beekeeping and carried out experiments on bees. On one of his trips to the Continent Cotton purchased a copy of a book called
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to Bishop's
Auckland he successfully transferred them. He spent much time in training settlers and Māori in the practices of keeping bees and gathering their honey. Towards the end of 1844 he published
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Cotton's achievements were limited by his poor mental health. Numerous references speak to Cotton's erratic behaviour, in particular his over-spending, and his periods of depression. He suffered from
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and became one of its vice presidents. He collected a library of over 200 books on bees and beekeeping which was bequeathed to the parish of Frodsham on his death. In 1932 it was deposited with the
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575:, one small chapel had already been built near the parish church and another chapel, larger and more splendid, was planned for the centre of town. Cotton organised the building of a temporary
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which contained comical illustrated stories about a beekeeper and his bees. Cotton produced his own version of the book with his own verses attached to the illustrations entitled
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Volume 1: William Charles Cotton : Journal of a Voyage, in the Barque Tomatin ... Plymouth to Sydney, 26 December 1841-14 April 1842 Digital Copy available online at
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to draw up plans. He also employed Douglas to design a house for him to live in while the vicarage was being renovated. Cotton successfully improved the provision of
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day a memorial service was held for him in his Frodsham church. A memorial to his memory is in Frodsham Parish Church. The symbol of the honey bee appears on the
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in the middle of the town. This was constructed of iron (and known as the Iron Church) and was erected in a very short time on land donated by the
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In the late 1870s Cotton's mental health began to deteriorate to such a degree that he became unable to carry out his duties. In 1879 a
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which amongst other advice suggested ways to render bees semiconscious to obtain the honey rather than by killing them.
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in Classics and second class honours in Mathematics. He decided on a career in the church and was appointed as a
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in his parish. During his ministry he took boys from his parish to various events, both locally and to
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New Zealand had two native species of bees but neither was suitable for producing honey. The first
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by seniority, and in 1839 was ordained a priest and was appointed as curate at St Edward's Church,
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Myth, Fable and Speculation – W. C. Cotton's attempt to ship bees to New Zealand in 1841
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Barrett, Peter (1997) William Charles Cotton, Grand Bee Master of New Zealand, 1842-1847
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of Frodsham's mayor and in various other places in the town, a Frodsham street is named
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boy who taught many of the passengers, including Cotton, to speak the
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on 12 June, arriving on 20 June. Amongst the party was a clerk,
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In summer 1841 Selwyn was appointed to be the first Anglican
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and his wife Sarah. His father was a businessman who became
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William Charles Cotton MA: Priest, Missionary and Bee Master
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and Paris. In December 1855 he was appointed as curate to
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A Short and Simple Letter to Cottagers from a Bee Preserver
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on 30 May. After spending some time as guests of Captain
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425:followed three years later. In 1842 he published
45:Portrait of Cotton in 1832, aged about nineteen
1237:Scrapbook of Treasure: William Charles Cotton
386:Selwyn had decided to set up residence at the
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453:and these were published together in 1848 as
447:A Few Simple Rules for New Zealand Beekeepers
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679:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
176:and travelled to New Zealand as chaplain to
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530:In the summer of 1857 Cotton was appointed
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107:St John the Baptist's Church, Leytonstone
876:, natlib.govt.nz, Retrieved 29 June 2014
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156:(30 January 1813 – 22 June 1879) was an
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676:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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457:. Another book, written in Māori,
455:A Manual for New Zealand Beekeepers
275:. Here he became a good friend of
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196:William Charles Cotton was born in
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670:"Cotton, Sir Henry (1821–1892)"
479:British Beekeepers' Association
231:in his final year. In 1832 he
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1355:List of missionaries to Hawaii
1194:Latham, Frank A., ed. (1987),
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485:, and in 1987 transferred to
1492:People with bipolar disorder
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700:UK public library membership
526:William Cotton in later life
160:priest, a missionary and an
99:and congestion of the brain"
330:on 19 May. They arrived in
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1216:, Birkenhead: Countyvise,
154:Rev William Charles Cotton
33:Rev William Charles Cotton
1440:Cotton, William Charles.
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1381:Church Missionary Society
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1212:Smith, Arthur R. (2006),
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571:manufacturers of nearby
379:Caroline Harriet Abraham
1532:Nathaniel Cotton family
1502:People from Leytonstone
1254:Works by William Cotton
1168:, pp. 14, 20, 162.
1031:Barrett, Peter (2009),
388:Waimate Mission Station
340:Governor of New Zealand
251:, Lincolnshire. He was
667:Cotton, J. S. (2004).
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277:George Augustus Selwyn
178:George Augustus Selwyn
164:. After education at
18:William Charles Cotton
900:, pp. 69, 82–85.
685:10.1093/ref:odnb/6414
565:Hazlehurst & Sons
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289:Bishop of New Zealand
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170:Christ Church, Oxford
120:Christ Church, Oxford
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1391:Mission to the World
1198:, Local Historians,
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1423:Christianity Portal
1364:Missionary agencies
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1005:, pp. 151–154.
948:, pp. 155–161.
924:, pp. 134–135.
912:, pp. 114–122.
604:sequestration order
241:first class honours
92:Cause of death
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549:Manor House Asylum
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487:Reading University
440:, the sister of a
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1325:Missions timeline
1258:Project Gutenberg
1223:978-1-901231-81-6
888:, pp. 65–66.
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823:, pp. 36–45.
811:, pp. 26–29.
760:, pp. 21–22.
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706:(subscription or
698:(Subscription or
561:Thomas Hazlehurst
518:Vicar of Frodsham
508:St Mary Redcliffe
451:The New Zealander
355:William Bambridge
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787:
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619:Mental health
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471:Wilhelm Busch
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467:Schnurrdiburr
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104:Resting place
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1315:Christianity
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350:
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327:
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271:of St John,
233:matriculated
217:Eton College
214:
210:Henry Cotton
195:
182:North Island
166:Eton College
153:
152:
116:Eton College
78:(1879-06-22)
76:22 June 1879
26:
1477:1879 deaths
1472:1813 births
1118:Latham 1987
1094:Latham 1987
1015:Latham 1987
613:Maori Drive
567:, soap and
544:St Laurence
427:My Bee Book
319:arrived in
198:Leytonstone
65:Leytonstone
1466:Categories
1308:Background
1178:Smith 2006
1166:Smith 2006
1154:Smith 2006
1142:Smith 2006
1130:Smith 2006
1106:Smith 2006
1082:Smith 2006
1070:Smith 2006
1058:Smith 2006
1046:Smith 2006
1019:Smith 2006
1003:Smith 2006
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886:Smith 2006
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648:Smith 2006
631:References
593:Manchester
557:Methodists
438:Mary Bumby
434:honey bees
394:where the
328:Bristolian
283:Missionary
192:Early life
131:missionary
57:1813-01-30
710:required)
636:Citations
597:Liverpool
489:Library.
459:Ko nga pi
141:Parent(s)
135:Beekeeper
112:Education
1239:Journals
1196:Frodsham
874:Panorama
690:30 March
540:Cheshire
536:Frodsham
442:Wesleyan
412:Apiarist
405:Auckland
348:schooner
332:Auckland
298:Plymouth
253:ordained
229:classics
227:and the
225:divinity
186:Frodsham
174:ordained
162:apiarist
158:Anglican
129:priest,
84:Chiswick
1451:12 July
1265:at the
1187:Sources
573:Runcorn
504:Avignon
346:on the
317:Tomatin
305:Tomatin
273:Windsor
265:Romford
172:he was
145:William
97:ascites
1220:
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696:
569:alkali
553:asylum
493:Oxford
423:Letter
401:Tamaki
392:Paihia
321:Sydney
302:barque
257:deacon
249:Baston
245:curate
532:vicar
403:near
309:Māori
294:lathe
255:as a
221:rower
1453:2022
1218:ISBN
1200:ISBN
862:2008
692:2013
595:and
351:Wave
325:brig
168:and
133:and
73:Died
51:Born
1256:at
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534:of
469:by
247:at
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