198:(NHRE), and consequently resigned from the CSIRO. The NHRE developed in response to the impacts of hailstorms on crops in the Mid-West. By taking detailed atmospheric measurements within the storm cell, it was hoped that a storm could be seeded with silver oxide to break up the moisture into rain or small hail and so prevent the development of large destructive hailstones. The project ran for five years until 1976.
186:(NSW) for the recording of accurate data for later analysis. These experiments recorded wind, temperature and moisture in the atmosphere, initially to a height of 16 metres, and later to 32 metres. In the later experiments at Hay, measurements were taken up to 1000 metres. Swinbank was instrumental in the establishment of ozone monitoring in Australia.
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and was attached to various RAF bases to carry out weather forecasting duties. In 1940, he was given the task of investigating the issue of fog, since this was critical to the operations of an airbase. He initially worked with C.S. Durst in the areas of cloud physics and turbulence. In 1942 he moved
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in 1951. In the discussion following
Swinbank's presentation, one participant commented thus: "We have had to rely too much on hypothesis and conjecture in the processing and analysis of micrometeorological observations due to the fact that most observers did not measure the totality of atmospheric
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used for weather forecasting. His research into predicting fog was valuable for guiding returning RAF bombers back to base after bombing raids in the early morning over
Germany as fog was most prevalent in these hours. In 1944, RAF Dunstable played an important role in forecasting the weather
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elements. I want to complement the group in
Australia for the collection of the complete, detailed and accurate data on eddy fluxes." Swinbank was an advocate for large scale atmospheric field experiments and between 1962 and 1964 established research projects in
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and
Swinbank, along with Priestly and Andrezej Berson were involved in this forecasting. After the war, Swinbank returned to the study of fog as well as agricultural physics and worked closely with the meteorologist
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In 1939 Swinbank married Ivy Hook and they had a daughter, Susan. Both Ivy and Susan died in 1940 within a day of each other. In 1942 he met Angela Pinney while they were both working at RAF Dunstable in
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In 1969, Swinbank took leave of absence from the CSIRO to work at the NCAR in
Colorado. He was free to pursue his work on turbulence and the boundary layer. In 1971, he was appointed Director of the
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and came to the realisation that fog needed to be studied in relation to larger weather systems. He joined the Upper Air Unit at
Dunstable which was headed by Petterssen and as the
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where he developed the use of hot wire anemometry for the direct measurement of the turbulent fluxes of heat, water vapour and momentum. This research was presented at the
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progressed, Swinbank became more involved in the use of upper air analysis forecasting techniques and further developed the use of isobaric analysis for producing the
52:, UK where his father worked above ground at a local colliery as a mechanical engineer. Swinbank was the oldest of three boys. He won a scholarship to Henry Smith
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After leaving university, Swinbank worked briefly as a schoolteacher and also in industrial research. In 1938 he commenced working as a meteorologist at the
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His main areas of research were fog prediction, upper atmosphere analysis, wind predictions, hail storms and turbulent fluxes.
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and they married in
December of that year. In 1948, Swinbank, his wife and two children moved to Australia and lived in
565:"Aquatic Eddy Covariance: The Method and Its Contributions to Defining Oxygen and Carbon Fluxes in Marine Environments"
370:
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Swinbank, W. C. (1951) The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in the lower atmosphere.
133:, a paper that was acknowledged as being a landmark in micrometeorology and laid the foundation for the development of
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612:"CSIRO Division of Meteorological Physics - Corporate Body - Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation"
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Weathering the Storm: Sverre
Petterssen, the D-Day Forecast and the Rise of Modern Meteorology. Ed J R Fleming
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Priestley, C. H. B and
Swinbank, W. C. (1947) Vertical transport of heat by turbulence in the atmosphere
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Winds of Change:Fifty Years of
Achievements in the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research 1946-1996
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Swinbank, W. C. (1970). Structure of wind and the shearing stress in the planetary boundary layer.
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Berg, Peter; Huettel, Markus; Glud, Ronnie N.; Reimers, Clare E.; Attard, Karl M. (January 2022).
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24:(8 May 1913 – 28 December 1973) was a British-born meteorological physicist who worked at the
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published a memorial edition to which colleagues from around the world contributed articles.
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who had joined the organisation two years earlier. His early work at the organisation was in
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In 1948, Swinbank moved to Australia to take up a position in the newly formed section of
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Swinbank, W. C and Dyer A.J. (1967) An experimental study in micro-meteorology.
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68:) where he took a Double Honours in Mathematics and Physics, graduating 1934.
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William Swinbank was born on 8 May 1913 in the small coal mining village of
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Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology.
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Swinbank, W. C. (1948) Note on the formation of fog over a snow surface.
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Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online:
223:. They had four more children. In 1969, Swinbank took up a position at
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International Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence in the Boundary Layer
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In 1938, Swinbank began work as a Met Office Technical Officer for the
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List of publications by W C Swinbank while he was working at the CSIRO
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and continued his research on fog. During this time, he worked with
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Swinbank, W. C. (1960) Wind profile in thermally stratified flow.
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638:"International Symposium of Turbulence in The Boundary Layer"
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The Vertical Transfer of Heat by Turbulence in the Atmosphere
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
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Swinbank, W. C. (1963) Long‐wave radiation from clear skies
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Swinbank, W. C. (1956) The physics of natural evaporation.
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Film (1974) 18 mins Swinbank was the Technical Advisor.
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Archiv Für Meteorologie, Geophysik Und Bioklimatologie,
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.
127:. In 1947 Swinbank and Priestley wrote a paper titled
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
717:"Boundary-Layer Meteorology journal volume 6 issue3"
219:. He came to Australia to work in the newly founded
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to the forecasting headquarters at RAF Dunstable in
539:"Charles Henry Brian (Bill) Priestley (1915-1998)"
468:Garratt, John; Angus, David; Holper, Paul (1998).
449:"The Role of the Met Office in the D-Day Landings"
731:"Proceedings of the Royal Meteorological Society"
341:Swinbank, W. C. & Dyer, A. J. (1968).
331:, 89(381):339-348. doi: 10.1002/QJ.49708938105
8:
838:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
149:(later renamed Atmospheric Physics) at the
705:– via britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk.
343:Micrometeorological expeditions 1962-1964.
492:"Obituary — William Christopher Swinbank"
409:"William Christopher Swinbank 1913-1973"
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253:1968 Winner of the Buchan Prize by the
295:Prediction diagrams for radiation fog.
290:. 1948; Vol 74(Issue 321-322):406-407.
231:on 28 December 1973. In May 1974, the
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196:National Hail Research Experiment
691:"Well-known sportswoman's death"
345: Melbourne: C.S.I.R.O
257:(in conjunction with A. J. Dyer)
16:British-Australian meteorologist
652:"NHRE Information release 1971"
569:Annual Review of Marine Science
537:Ward, Colin (13 January 2015).
299:http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10469/
268:Australian Institute of Physics
636:Hewson, Edgar Wendell (1952).
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741:(293): 76–83. December 1941.
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794:Summary reports (1970 -1976)
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260:1970 Elected Fellow of the
247:1941 Elected Fellow of the
227:in Colorado and he died in
118:patterns leading up to the
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321:. 1960; 186(4723):463-464.
234:Boundary-Layer Meteorology
828:Australian meteorologists
84:The Met Office 1938–1948
26:UK Meteorological Office
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293:Swinbank, W. C. (1949)
823:British meteorologists
818:Atmospheric physicists
747:10.1002/qj.49706829310
433:Petterssen, S (2001).
305:Journal of Meteorology
182:(Vic) and later on in
147:Meteorological Physics
695:Biggleswade Chronicle
281:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
274:Selected publications
490:Dyer, A. J. (1974).
371:"FreeBMD Entry Info"
307:. 1951; 8(3):135-145
472:. CSIRO Publishing.
314:. 1956; (14):58-59.
670:www.freebmd.org.uk
508:10.1007/BF02137671
375:www.freebmd.org.uk
352:Serie A, 19, 1–12.
163:C. H. B. Priestley
161:. He worked with
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242:Awards
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72:Career
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