382:, portrayed Hinton in a microbiology lab of the 1920s with researchers in the background including a woman and a young Black man. The presence of the female researcher in the portrait recognizes the fact that Hinton worked to break down barriers for women, teaching at Simmons College and establishing a laboratory technicians training school open only to women. In September 2020, Harvard Medical School renamed the Holmes Society in honor of Dr. Hinton in recognition of his pioneering work as a scientist.
219:, even though he never attended a society meeting, fearing that if he were known to be Black, his colleagues would not take his scientific work seriously any more. For the majority of his time at Harvard, Hinton was an assistant and then a lecturer. He was only made a full professor on the eve of his retirement, when Harvard named him Clinical Professor of Bacteriology and Immunology, making him the first African American to be appointed professor at the university.
139:" in the scientific community official, passing a bill to rename the state laboratory the "Dr. William A. Hinton Laboratory." In 2019, Hinton's portrait was placed in Harvard Medical School's Waterhouse Room, a room previously dominated by the portraits of former Harvard Medical School Deans, all of whom were white.
373:
On
September 13, 2019, a painting of Hinton was unveiled in Harvard Medical School's Waterhouse Room, previously dominated by the portraits of all-white former Deans. The portrait was commissioned at the request of the founding director of the Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations,
341:
William Hinton was the son of two former slaves freed after the Civil War. His father
Augustus became a farmer and railroad porter, while his mother, Maria, also became a farmer. He would later will his $ 75,000 in savings to be put into a special scholarship fund for Harvard graduate students as a
222:
Hinton developed a flocculation test for syphilis in 1927, and co-developed another syphilis test using spinal fluid with a colleague that would come to be known as the Davies-Hinton test. These tests were considered a boon for medicine, as the treatment for syphilis at the time was long, painful,
308:
In 2015, the
University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville named one of its inaugural college societies after Hinton. The Hinton college went on to consistently perform at higher standards than the university's other colleges, such as Hunter, and two other less successful colleges.
175:
and was offered a scholarship reserved for
African-American students, which he declined. Instead, he competed for and won the prestigious Wigglesworth and Hayden scholarships two years in a row, a scholarship open to all Harvard students. He graduated with honors in 1912 after only three years.
325:
Although Hinton retired from
Harvard in 1950, he continued to teach there for several years and served as a physician at the Mass Hospital School for Crippled Children in Canton, Massachusetts. Until 1953, he served as physician-in-chief of the Department of Clinical Laboratories of the
282:
award because he wanted his work to stand on its own merit; he was concerned that his work would not be as well received if it was widely known in his profession that he was Black. "Race should never get mixed up in the struggle for human welfare," he would later say.
238:
Medical and Dental
Schools. He also started a school for laboratory technicians open only to women, the first of its kind, and saw its graduates get hired quickly throughout the country. This school helped open the field up to women. His daughter,
255:
Hinton became internationally known as an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. His serological test for syphilis, which proved to be more accurate than currently accepted tests, was endorsed by the
316:
awards the
William A. Hinton Award for Advancement of a Diverse Community of Microbiologists to nominees who have contributed to the research training of students of underrepresented minorities in microbiology.
361:, one of the first two African-American women to gain the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. In 1940, Hinton lost a leg after a car accident. He died in 1958 from complications related to
333:
Hinton was named a lifetime member of the
American Social Hygiene Association in 1948 as a "distinguished scientist, leading serologist, and public health bacteriologist."
767:
812:
184:
Although he was denied a medical internship or a residency in surgery due to his race, Hinton worked as a "voluntary assistant" in the
Pathology Laboratory at
200:. In 1915 he was awarded the dual appointments of director of the Laboratory Department of the Boston Dispensary and chief of the Wasserman Laboratory of the
623:
159:, where he earned a B.S. degree in 1905. Following his graduation, he taught in Tennessee and Oklahoma. During the summers he continued his studies in
772:
295:
231:
201:
817:
353:
Hinton met his future wife, Ada Hawes, a teacher in
Langston, OK, where he was teaching at Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University (now
350:, Eisenhower reflected on this scholarship, writing "I could not recall having been given a personal distinction that had touched me more deeply."
787:
346:
to recognize the leader who he believed had made great strides in providing equal opportunity employment during his administration. In his book
802:
204:, staying at the latter position until his retirement in 1953. Under his supervision, the number of approved laboratories grew from 10 to 117.
807:
676:
215:—subjects he would teach at Harvard for more than 30 years. Also in 1921, Hinton became the first Black scientist to become a member of the
291:
257:
132:
777:
313:
216:
782:
227:
20:
185:
584:
497:
342:
memorial to his parents and the ideals of conduct they passed on to him. He named the scholarship fund after President
151:
to Augustus Hinton and Maria Clark, both former slaves. Hinton grew up in Kansas. After high school, he studied at the
244:
207:
After his professional career took off, Hinton returned to Harvard Medical School in 1918 as an instructor in
752:
650:
494:
172:
100:
208:
168:
73:
482:
458:
797:
792:
343:
152:
354:
196:. Gaining the respect of his colleagues, he was invited to write a chapter in a leading textbook,
193:
156:
124:
305:
wrote a Harvard University "Memorial Minute" about Hinton, highlighting his many contributions.
732:
714:
565:
547:
327:
136:
51:
722:
607:
555:
539:
375:
235:
379:
620:
727:
703:
651:"ASM William A. Hinton Award for Advancement of a Diverse Community of Microbiologists"
560:
527:
483:
PBS "Partners of the Heart", African-American Medical Pioneers: William Augustus Hinton
279:
268:
392:
357:). They were married in 1909. The couple had two daughters, Anne Hinton Jones and Dr.
761:
113:
160:
116:
498:"Ethnic Diversity in ASM: the Early History of African-American Microbiologists"
432:
358:
302:
240:
407:
Kessler, James H., J. S. Kidd, Renee A. Kidd & Katherine A. Morin (1996).
212:
164:
718:
551:
330:. Also, he served as a special consultant to the U.S. Public Health Service.
135:. In 1975, the Massachusetts legislature made what had become known as the "
120:
569:
736:
290:
and public health bacteriologist, Hinton was elected a life member of the
543:
362:
287:
263:
In 1936 Hinton published the first medical textbook by a Black American:
189:
128:
55:
459:"African American Medical Pioneers: William Augustus Hinton (1883–1959)"
188:
from 1913 to 1915. It was in this position that he became an expert in
148:
127:. A pioneer in the field of public health, Hinton developed a test for
635:
Enders, John F. (June 3, 1960). "William A. Hinton Memorial Minute".
275:
271:
in health and called syphilis "a disease of the underprivileged."
123:
and educator. He was the first Black professor in the history of
585:"The Black Clinical Microbiologists on Whose Shoulders We Stand"
260:
in 1934. Hinton's test also was simple, quick, and unambiguous.
243:, would go on to co-develop what would come to be known as the
526:
Munson, Erik (October 21, 2020). McAdam, Alexander J. (ed.).
409:
Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century
211:
and hygiene. In 1921 he began teaching bacteriology and
753:
Portrait photograph of William Augustus Hinton c. 1940
621:
Citizen's Guide to State Services: Laboratory Sciences
298:'s Laboratory Institute Building was named for him.
96:
88:
80:
62:
37:
30:
605:"Race brought rejection of Hinton syphilis test",
286:In 1948, in recognition of his contributions as a
394:Faces of Science: African-American in the Science
16:American bacteriologist, pathologist and educator
131:which, because of its accuracy, was used by the
528:"Biographical Feature: William A. Hinton, M.D"
402:Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography.
8:
704:"A tribute to William Augustus Hinton, M.D."
411:. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. pp. 171–174.
112:(December 15, 1883 – August 8, 1959) was an
707:Journal of the National Medical Association
624:Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth
19:For other people named William Hinton, see
27:
726:
559:
296:Massachusetts Department of Public Health
202:Massachusetts Department of Public Health
768:20th-century African-American physicians
583:Culbreath, Karissa (February 18, 2021).
192:, publishing his first paper along with
813:20th-century African-American academics
420:
431:Buckley, M.R.F. (September 13, 2019).
7:
677:"Hinton, William Augustus 1883-1959"
505:American Society for Microbiologists
426:
424:
226:During his career, Hinton taught at
147:William Augustus Hinton was born in
587:. American Society for Microbiology
292:American Social Science Association
267:. He was adamant about the role of
133:United States Public Health Service
14:
314:American Society for Microbiology
217:American Society for Microbiology
773:20th-century American physicians
532:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
818:20th-century American academics
232:Harvard School of Public Health
198:Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
21:William Hinton (disambiguation)
788:Harvard Medical School faculty
675:Contemporary Black Biography.
611:magazine, October 1955, p. 68.
186:Massachusetts General Hospital
1:
803:Harvard Medical School alumni
808:University of Chicago alumni
702:Cave, V. G. (January 1975).
400:"Hinton, William Augustus",
495:Johnson-Thompson, Marian C.
437:Harvard Medical School News
834:
294:. The serology lab at the
265:Syphilis and Its Treatment
258:U.S. Public Health Service
171:. In 1909, he enrolled in
18:
251:International recognition
778:American bacteriologists
301:In 1960, Nobel Laureate
143:Early life and education
433:"Portrait of a Pioneer"
274:Hinton turned down the
155:before transferring to
110:William Augustus Hinton
32:William Augustus Hinton
783:American immunologists
173:Harvard Medical School
101:Harvard Medical School
169:University of Chicago
74:Canton, Massachusetts
544:10.1128/JCM.01933-20
344:Dwight D. Eisenhower
153:University of Kansas
355:Langston University
245:Mueller–Hinton agar
209:preventive medicine
348:Mandate for Change
157:Harvard University
125:Harvard University
538:(11): e01933–20.
404:January 21, 2001.
391:Brown, Mitchell,
328:Boston Dispensary
137:Hinton Laboratory
107:
106:
48:December 15, 1883
825:
741:
740:
730:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
681:Encyclopedia.com
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
647:
641:
640:
637:Harvard Archives
632:
626:
618:
612:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
580:
574:
573:
563:
523:
517:
516:
514:
512:
502:
491:
485:
480:
474:
473:
471:
469:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
428:
376:S. Allen Counter
69:
47:
45:
28:
833:
832:
828:
827:
826:
824:
823:
822:
758:
757:
749:
744:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
674:
673:
669:
659:
657:
649:
648:
644:
634:
633:
629:
619:
615:
604:
600:
590:
588:
582:
581:
577:
525:
524:
520:
510:
508:
500:
493:
492:
488:
481:
477:
467:
465:
456:
455:
451:
441:
439:
430:
429:
422:
418:
388:
386:Further reading
380:Stephen E. Coit
371:
339:
323:
253:
228:Simmons College
223:and hazardous.
182:
145:
76:
71:
67:
58:
49:
43:
41:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
831:
829:
821:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
760:
759:
756:
755:
748:
747:External links
745:
743:
742:
694:
683:. Thomson Gale
667:
642:
627:
613:
598:
575:
518:
486:
475:
449:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
405:
398:
387:
384:
378:. The artist,
370:
367:
338:
335:
322:
319:
280:Spingarn Medal
269:socioeconomics
252:
249:
181:
178:
144:
141:
117:bacteriologist
105:
104:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
92:Bacteriologist
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
70:(aged 75)
66:August 8, 1959
64:
60:
59:
50:
39:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
830:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
754:
751:
750:
746:
738:
734:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:
698:
695:
682:
678:
671:
668:
656:
652:
646:
643:
638:
631:
628:
625:
622:
617:
614:
610:
609:
602:
599:
586:
579:
576:
571:
567:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
519:
506:
499:
496:
490:
487:
484:
479:
476:
464:
460:
453:
450:
442:September 16,
438:
434:
427:
425:
421:
415:
410:
406:
403:
399:
396:
395:
390:
389:
385:
383:
381:
377:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
337:Personal life
336:
334:
331:
329:
320:
318:
315:
310:
306:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
284:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
261:
259:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
179:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
61:
57:
53:
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
713:(1): 81–82.
710:
706:
697:
687:February 10,
685:. Retrieved
680:
670:
658:. Retrieved
654:
645:
636:
630:
616:
606:
601:
591:February 18,
589:. Retrieved
578:
535:
531:
521:
511:February 10,
509:. Retrieved
504:
489:
478:
468:February 10,
466:. Retrieved
462:
452:
440:. Retrieved
436:
408:
401:
393:
372:
352:
347:
340:
332:
324:
321:Later career
311:
307:
300:
285:
273:
264:
262:
254:
225:
221:
206:
197:
194:Roger I. Lee
183:
180:Early career
161:bacteriology
146:
109:
108:
68:(1959-08-08)
25:
798:1959 deaths
793:1883 births
359:Jane Hinton
303:John Enders
241:Jane Hinton
121:pathologist
81:Nationality
762:Categories
416:References
288:serologist
234:, and the
213:immunology
165:physiology
89:Occupation
44:1883-12-15
719:0027-9684
552:0095-1137
103:professor
660:June 10,
570:32759353
363:diabetes
278:'s 1938
190:syphilis
129:syphilis
114:American
84:American
56:Illinois
737:1089798
728:2609274
655:ASM.org
561:7587103
167:at the
149:Chicago
52:Chicago
735:
725:
717:
568:
558:
550:
369:Legacy
230:, the
608:Ebony
507:. Web
501:(PDF)
457:PBS.
397:1996.
276:NAACP
236:Tufts
733:PMID
715:ISSN
689:2017
662:2020
593:2021
566:PMID
548:ISSN
513:2017
470:2017
444:2019
312:The
163:and
63:Died
38:Born
723:PMC
556:PMC
540:doi
463:PBS
764::
731:.
721:.
711:67
709:.
679:.
653:.
564:.
554:.
546:.
536:58
534:.
530:.
503:.
461:.
435:.
423:^
365:.
247:.
119:,
54:,
739:.
691:.
664:.
639:.
595:.
572:.
542::
515:.
472:.
446:.
46:)
42:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.