350:, who was more adequately experienced for this phase of the regiment's preparations for eventual battle. Turner and Raymond both lacked extensive battle experience to that point. Additionally, J.D. Turner had taken ill. Raymond continued to support the cause in Washington, D.C., serving the War Department as a Detective Officer. The Rev. Henry M. Turner went on to become Chaplain of the regiment, and is believed to be the first federally appointed African-American Chaplain in the Union Army.
234:
In April, 1863, W. G. Raymond, with J.D. Turner of
Pennsylvania, also a chaplain, requested authorization from President Abraham Lincoln to raise the first federal regiment of African-American soldier volunteers for the Union Army, District of Columbia. Both Raymond and Turner were white. Increasing
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greeted and addressed them. The troops then marched to
Campbell Hospital where, among others, Raymond (J.D. Turner was deceased) addressed the crowd from the podium. Raymond expressed his pride in the regiment, and discussed the challenges faced in raising the troops over two years earlier. He also
39:
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In early May 1863, Lincoln agreed to the establishment of federal
African-American regiments in the Union Army and through Secretary of War Edwin Stanton authorized Raymond and Turner to commence recruitment for the District of Columbia regiment. Lincoln provided assurances that when recruitment
314:
The number of confrontations and escalations continued to surge. Raymond was nearly shot when a round was fired through a window by an unknown assailant during an
African-American recruitment event at the church. Assaults on the recruits reached the point that a special military commission was
327:
In late May, in an effort to centralize control and reduce the chaos and opposition surrounding the surging growth of
African-American troops, the War Department established the Bureau of Colored Troops, giving it responsibility for recruitment, organization and record maintenance for
323:
Raymond and Turner continued recruitment and began training of regiment, paying for supplies as needed out of their own pockets. In mid-May they marched the troops in drills though sections of
Washington, D.C., to build enthusiasm and to push back on the resistance.
242:
In his letters to
Lincoln, Raymond stated that he was “…anxious to put down the rebellion”, and that he had secured a petition signed by leading African-Americans in the city in support of the plan. He also advised Lincoln that the plan had been submitted to
310:
Regiment recruitment quickly rose with the Rev. Henry M. Turner offering his church as a recruiting center. In anticipation of potential trouble, regiments from
Massachusetts were brought in to provide protection for the recruitment meetings.
380:
to reimburse
Raymond for the personal funds he used in initially raising and provisioning the 1st U.S.C.T. regiment (47th Congress, 2nd Session. H.R. 7262). No record exists of Raymond or his estate ever being reimbursed.
225:
and commissioned 1st
Lieutenant on October 7, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln appointed him to Chaplain of the United States Hospital, Washington, D.C., on July 25, 1862. He was honorably discharged on April 13, 1863.
361:, incurring heavy casualties. The regiment was present at the surrender of the Confederate forces in North Carolina on April 26, 1865. The 1st U.S.C.T. was officially mustered out of service on September 29, 1865.
261:
on January 1 of that year, Lincoln still harbored concerns that ranged from the tactically political to the mistreatment and executions of former slaves captured as prisoners of war as Union soldiers.
239:
were eager to join the Union Army and to fight. Up to that point, regiments of African-American troops had been raised at the state level only, without the direct authorization of President Lincoln.
275:
Raymond and Turner persisted in their efforts to raise the 1st United States Colored Infantry in Washington, D.C., and provided Lincoln with strong personal references and support from Senators
295:
168:. Prior to this, African-American troops were raised at the state level only, without the direct authorization of Lincoln. The troops recruited by Raymond and Turner would become the
331:
To stem the violent resistance to the 1st U.S.C.T. training in the District of Columbia, and to ensure consistent and adequate training of the new African-American recruits, the
257:
Lincoln's evolution from initially opposing then ultimately embracing the recruitment of federal African-American Union troops was gradual. Post the issuance of the
272:, as well the generals in the field, encouraged him to support the recruitment of African-American troops. Secretary Stanton had also been a consistent advocate.
298:, the second largest African-American church in the District of Columbia, was also an early and passionate supporter of African-American Union Army enlistment.
265:, a former slave and African-American intellectual and activist, relentlessly pressured Lincoln to change his position. Members of Lincoln's circle, including
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resulting from pain treatments, which led to a period where he questioned his faith. He ultimately restored his faith and achieved freedom from addiction.
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reached 640 men, the regiment would be accepted for service. J.D. Turner would be colonel of the regiment with Raymond serving as lieutenant colonel.
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On October 10, 1865, the regiment was formally and enthusiastically celebrated in Washington. The unit's surviving troops marched to the
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In early June, following the regiment's move to Analostan Island, training and command was transitioned from Turner and Raymond to Col.
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218:
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343:. This move was so secretive that it was at first unknown to President Lincoln himself as well as to officers of the unit.
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with educational development and did wide-ranging missionary work throughout the country. In later years he battled an
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secretly moved the regiment from Camp Barker in Washington to Analostan Island (known also as Mason's Island and now
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Raymond was ordained into the Baptist ministry in 1843, and he served several years for congregations in
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Heritage Document Program: Theodore Roosevelt Island: African-Americans in Service to Their Country
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Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution Catalogue of the Officers and Students for 1839-40
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176:(U.S.C.T), enduring threats and significant obstacles, but ultimately serving with distinction.
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stated that he hoped and believed that African-Americans would receive their full rights.
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to recruit and command the first federal African-American Union Army troops from the
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in 1863, Raymond, along with J.D. Turner, received authorization from President
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Black, Copper, and Bright: The District of Columbia's Black Civil War Regiment
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148:, played a prominent role in the initial recruitment of the first federal
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Raymond died on January 14, 1893, in Washington, D.C. He was interred at
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Raymond attended Hamilton Literary & Theological Institution (now
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and his earnest interest in elevating oppressed African-Americans.
250:. In Turner's letter to Lincoln he stressed his commitment to the
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The 1st U.S.C.T. fought with distinction in battles throughout
71:
Attended Hamilton Literary & Theological Institution (now
140:(1819–1893), a pastor, chaplain and American soldier in the
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Library of Congress, 1892. (Reproduced as public domain).
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1020:, Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press.
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White officers in other U.S. Colored Troops regiments:
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regiments of the Union Army. In the period between the
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682:. Washington, D.C. May 5, 1863. p. 3 (2nd column)
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279:and Charles Sumner, both of Massachusetts, Senator
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1031:New York Historic Registry of Civil War Rosters
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995:. New York: Random House Publishing Group.
983:. George E. Crosby & Company, printers.
170:1st United States Colored Infantry Regiment
101:1st United States Colored Infantry Regiment
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26:
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376:A bill was eventually introduced before
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546:Lost Capitol Hill: Raising the 1st USCT
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1018:Lincoln and the U.S. Colored Troops
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235:numbers of African-Americans and
810:1st United States Colored Troops
404:. He authored an autobiography,
219:86th New York Volunteer Infantry
989:White, Ronald C. (2009-01-13).
979:Raymond, William Gould (1891).
217:In 1861, he enlisted with the
172:and the first regiment of the
1:
1061:Washington, D.C., Republicans
946:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
942:Furgurson, Ernest B. (2004),
920:. February 9, 1893. p. 6
156:and the establishment of the
1056:New York (state) Republicans
981:Life Sketches and Faith Work
406:Life Sketches and Faith Work
287:of Minnesota, among others.
221:("Steuben Rangers"), Co. H,
174:United States Colored Troops
138:William Gould (W.G.) Raymond
18:William Gould (W.G.) Raymond
1016:Smith, John David. (2013).
813:, The Civil War in the East
418:Arlington National Cemetery
230:Proposal for Colored Troops
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402:Grand Army of the Republic
400:Raymond was active in the
389:Raymond went on to assist
964:. Three Dimensional Pub.
337:Theodore Roosevelt Island
328:African-American troops.
283:of New York and Governor
259:Emancipation Proclamation
154:Emancipation Proclamation
36:
296:Israel Bethel AME Church
158:Bureau of Colored Troops
992:A. Lincoln: A Biography
657:, National Park Service
319:1st U.S. Colored Troops
676:"The Colored Regiment"
53:Yates County, New York
960:Gibbs, C. R. (2002).
31:William Gould Raymond
918:The National Tribune
438:Edward Winslow Hinks
166:District of Columbia
845:, pp. 166–167.
391:Indian reservations
292:Henry McNeal Turner
914:"Raymond obituary"
549:, The Hill is Home
263:Frederick Douglass
213:Civil War Chaplain
186:Colgate University
146:American Civil War
87:Union Army Soldier
73:Colgate University
1002:978-1-58836-775-4
971:978-1-877835-81-0
953:978-0-375-40454-2
900:, pp. 82–86.
888:, pp. 72–81.
876:, pp. 56–63.
781:, pp. 48–51.
569:, pp. 25–26.
534:, pp. 24–27.
522:, pp. 44–45.
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368:where President
285:Alexander Ramsey
252:Republican Party
245:Secretary of War
223:Elmira, New York
150:African American
63:January 14, 1893
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162:Abraham Lincoln
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120:Lumanda Simmons
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104:Missionary work
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944:Freedom Rising
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838:
826:
815:, retrieved
809:
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779:Raymond 1891
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767:Raymond 1891
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728:Raymond 1891
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701:Raymond 1891
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684:. Retrieved
680:Evening Star
679:
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659:, retrieved
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315:appointed.
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277:Henry Wilson
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207:Pennsylvania
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137:
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117:Martha Smith
1051:1893 deaths
1046:1819 births
366:White House
302:Recruitment
144:during the
99:Raising of
1040:Categories
862:Gibbs 2002
843:Gibbs 2002
831:Gibbs 2002
791:Gibbs 2002
755:Gibbs 2002
743:Gibbs 2002
713:Gibbs 2002
633:Gibbs 2002
618:White 2009
594:Gibbs 2002
582:Gibbs 2002
567:Gibbs 2002
532:Gibbs 2002
508:Gibbs 2002
449:References
385:Later life
281:Ira Harris
142:Union Army
89:Missionary
817:April 20,
686:April 27,
661:April 20,
553:April 21,
339:) in the
290:Reverend
180:Education
68:Education
424:See also
378:Congress
355:Virginia
237:freedmen
203:New York
197:Minister
128:Children
85:Chaplain
936:Sources
924:June 2,
466:. 1839.
267:Senator
111:Spouses
999:
968:
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192:Career
106:Author
91:Author
83:Pastor
412:Death
997:ISBN
966:ISBN
948:ISBN
926:2021
819:2017
688:2017
663:2017
555:2017
357:and
205:and
60:Died
49:1819
46:Born
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