415:
556:
272:
308:. Whilst in the workings, Marten attempted to move forward in the dinghy, and after striking his head on the tunnel, tipped the boat over in 12 feet (3.7 m) of water. Only Gravatt and miner Dowling could swim, and after rescuing Marten and Harris, Gravatt was joined by Brunel in the search underwater for the second miner Richardson. Joined by officials from the
467:. With mixed instructions given to the private contractors, bridges were sinking into the soft soil, and costs were escalating above budget. In mid 1841, Brunel revealed to the shareholders that he was about to dismiss his entire northern engineering team, although Froude was the son of major B&ER shareholder R.H. Froude, the Archdeacon of
602:. These included the theory of the jet-propeller, and the laying of submerged telegraphic cables based on his "curve of sines" theorem. Gravatt published on the subject on numerous occasions, including a paper written after a discussion on Messrs. Longridge and Brooks' Paper at the Institution in February 1858.
586:, and followed this with lectures at the International Exposition in Paris. Gravatt then worked with the Registrar-General to establish public faith in the machine, by quickly calculating specimens of logarithmic and other tables. For his services rendered to science, he was elected Foreign Member of the
458:
Although by 1839 Gravatt's northern engineering team had been delayed in reaching
Bridgwater after legal difficulties in the company purchasing land, their remaining section between Bridgwater and Taunton had resulted in Brunel and Gravatt arguing over the most suitable route over the soft clay
605:
During his career, Gravatt collected a number of gifts, including: a pair of calipers made by
Troughton; Donkin's chronometer by Hardy; a specimen of Babbage's original difference engine. He left them all in his will to the Institution.
411:. Through having from the outset deployed his own "curve of sines" mathematical theorem in his original surveys, the final laid operational lines did not deviate from the original drawings by more than 10 yards (9.1 m).
304:
forbade anyone from entering the workings. However, company directors Robert Marten and
Richard Harris insisted Gravatt take them in to inspect the damage, accompanied by two miners as crew for a
1108:
626:
on 30 May 1866, aged 59. A later coroner's inquest cleared her of any cause in
Gravatt's death, recording a cause of accidental death. He was buried at St John of Jerusalem Churchyard,
543:
The eventual Craig telescope was the largest refracting telescope (a telescope with a lens) in the world from 1852. However, it had a problem with its lens figuring starting from its
475:. The Bristol to Bridgwater section of the B&ER was opened to traffic on 14 June 1841, and on 30 June through running on the GWR between London and Bristol began.
482:, Bristol, which itself was replaced again in 1868. But post this period, although appointed Chief engineer on a number of proposed railway projects during the early
333:. Gravatt resultantly designed the arches for several bridges, using a solid iron-plate inverted arched chain above the platform, creating the forerunner of the
1098:
1078:
999:"The geography of the heavens: and class-book of astronomy: accompanied by a ..." By Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, Henry Whitall, Page 324. Internet Archive 2010
905:
1088:
574:
to London in 1854, Gravatt engaged its inventor in conversation. His knowledge allowed
Gravatt to commission a copy from Donkin, which was sent to
312:, they eventually recovered the body with a drag-line. On 5 March 1828, silver medals were voted by the Royal Humane Society to Brunel and Gravatt
1068:
183:, where the deployment of his "curve of sines" theorem speeded construction. Dismissed from the project in 1841, after losing money during the
1113:
1103:
1093:
965:
875:
223:. At age 15, his father negotiated an apprenticeship to mechanical engineer Bryan Donkin. During this period he met and became friends with
1063:
772:
395:. With Brunel subsequently appointed Chief construction engineer, he appointed Gravatt supervisor for the section between Bristol and
540:, featuring a 19.5 metres (64 ft) tall brick tower with a 24.5 metres (80 ft) long telescope tube, built by Messrs Rennie.
1083:
1073:
587:
471:. Brunel wrote to Gravatt on 18 June 1841 stating that he had lost confidence in him, forcing his resignation; he was replaced by
220:
414:
599:
244:
196:
1025:
987:
817:
442:, Somerset. After gaining passage of their Act of Parliament in 1836, on Brunel's recommendation, the newly incorporated
505:
330:
329:
In 1832 during a break in work on the Thames Tunnel due to water ingress, Donkin recommended
Gravatt as Engineer to the
324:
160:
110:
533:
443:
392:
260:
180:
122:
350:
337:. However, early in the start of construction Gravatt was dismissed on grounds of experience. He was replaced by
164:
114:
936:
338:
909:
544:
509:
472:
301:
176:
583:
252:
20:
1026:
The
Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette, Volume 57, Page 354. (Google Books 2010)
500:
Returning to London, in 1850 Gravatt was selected by the
Reverend John Craig to design and construct the
381:
145:
478:
Gravatt subsequently resurrected his reputation by designing and being appointed superintended for the
1123:
1118:
517:
290:
152:
504:. Living in an apartment at 34 Parliament Street, his neighbours included the portrait photographer
479:
271:
87:
998:
827:
387:
In 1835, Brunel appointed
Gravatt superintendent of the 75 miles (121 km) of surveys for the
734:
521:
486:
period of 1845–6, as an investor he lost a great deal of money when many were never constructed.
435:
192:
1045:
247:
as an
Associate in 1826, and in 1828 was elected a member, following his proposal based on the "
961:
871:
768:
622:, given inadvertently by his longtime nurse, Ruth Henny. He died at his home, 15 Park Street,
571:
567:
559:
537:
408:
388:
365:
334:
130:
364:
In 1834, he was employed by Brunel on a number of works. His major project was to survey the
844:
690:
232:
228:
175:, which is now universally employed. He then supervised the northern engineering team under
151:
Apprenticed as a mechanical engineer in London from aged 15, after interview he worked with
555:
933:"I.K. Brunel and William Gravatt, 1826–1841: their professional and personal relationship"
746:
529:
513:
501:
495:
460:
380:. He was also asked to design several bridges for both the mainline and extensions to the
188:
126:
821:
575:
447:
400:
373:
309:
1057:
795:
627:
579:
578:. From 1855 he gave lectures on the machine to professional audiences, including the
483:
431:
419:
294:
284:
276:
256:
184:
156:
141:
106:
35:
224:
891:
314:"for having hazarded their own lives to preserve those of their fellow-creatures."
623:
598:
Gravatt became involved in a number of key and controversial discussions at the
547:
in the summer of 1852. It quickly fell into disuse, and was dismantled in 1857.
525:
358:
172:
118:
75:
464:
396:
906:"Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society: I.K. Brunel and William Gravatt"
695:
678:
289:
Before he finished his apprenticeship, Gravatt successfully interviewed with
248:
212:
56:
524:, giving an aperture of 24 inches (610 mm). The doublet was made with
727:
A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland
619:
439:
423:
349:
Commissioned by Mr. H.R. Palmer in examining the original scheme for the
200:
450:
in June 1836. His Great Bow Bridge of 1840 at Langport still survives.
377:
369:
216:
615:
468:
404:
305:
144:(14 July 1806 – 30 May 1866), was a noted English civil engineer and
1015:
The Online Museum of the Craig Telescope (www.craig-telescope.co.uk)
1014:
932:
554:
413:
354:
270:
168:
683:
Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
562:'s third difference engine, on which Gravatt's replica was based
195:, distinguishing himself in a number of papers submitted to the
988:
New Scientist: Dec 2, 1982 "The Monster Telescope at Wandworth"
508:, who in 1852 came to take pictures of the instrument for the
199:. He died after being accidentally poisoned by an overdose of
430:
In 1835, Brunel was appointed to improve navigation on the
357:, during the works Gravatt devised the more transportable
407:, Devon. Brunel himself was in charge of the design of
614:
After a ten month illness, Gravatt was accidentally
102:
94:
83:
64:
42:
30:
960:(2nd ed.). Reece Winstone. 1978. p. 23.
536:. Gravatt designed the mounting himself, built on
418:Gravatt's Great Bow Bridge of 1840, spanning the
1109:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
870:. London: Thomas Telford Ltd. pp. 105–107.
219:William Gravatt, the Assistant Inspector of the
255:on railways. In 1832 he became a FelIow of the
689:(1867). icevirtuallibrary.com: 565–575. 1867.
293:, and was given a job as a supervisor on the
187:period, Gravatt helped to construct both the
8:
868:Civil Engineering Heritage: Southern England
826:(17th ed.). Charles Griffin. pp.
403:supervising the section from White Ball to
300:On 27 June 1827, after the tunnel flooded,
839:
837:
790:
788:
786:
784:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
215:, Kent on 14 July 1806, he was the son of
27:
19:For the American Episcopalian bishop, see
1010:
1008:
1006:
694:
454:Fallout with Brunel, Railway Mania losses
446:engaged Gravatt as their engineer on the
931:Jane Polwin, PhD thesis (21 July 2011).
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
1036:Daily News London, 4 June 1866, page 3.
983:
981:
979:
977:
763:Saikia; et al. (30 October 2010).
758:
756:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
639:
742:
732:
679:"Obituary. William Gravatt, 1806-1866"
361:, which is now universally employed.
163:. Whilst surveying the route for the
7:
1099:British scientific instrument makers
171:, he devised the more transportable
159:, and then designed bridges for the
1079:People of the Industrial Revolution
345:Works with Isambard Kingdom Brunel
14:
588:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
221:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
1089:British railway civil engineers
1069:19th-century British inventors
600:Institution of Civil Engineers
594:Institution of Civil Engineers
245:Institution of Civil Engineers
197:Institution of Civil Engineers
115:South Eastern Railway to Dover
1:
823:A Manual of Civil Engineering
1114:Accidental deaths in England
1104:Fellows of the Royal Society
1094:Great Western Railway people
331:Calder and Hebble Navigation
325:Calder and Hebble Navigation
319:Calder and Hebble Navigation
161:Calder and Hebble Navigation
111:Calder and Hebble Navigation
1064:People from Gravesend, Kent
1140:
725:edited by A. W. Skempton.
534:Thames Plate Glass Company
493:
444:Parrett Navigation Company
393:Bristol and Exeter Railway
322:
282:
261:Royal Astronomical Society
181:Bristol and Exeter Railway
123:Bristol and Exeter Railway
18:
279:during construction, 1830
1084:British railway pioneers
1074:British bridge engineers
937:University of Portsmouth
696:10.1680/imotp.1867.23178
291:Sir Marc Isambard Brunel
153:Sir Marc Isambard Brunel
910:Somerset County Gazette
798:. craig-telescope.co.uk
510:Illustrated London News
480:St. Philip's drawbridge
351:South Eastern Railway's
302:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
253:track transition curves
177:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
892:"The Whiteball Tunnel"
563:
473:John Joseph Macdonnell
427:
280:
259:, and a Fellow of the
251:" for use on defining
21:William Loyall Gravatt
558:
532:, and plate glass by
417:
382:Great Western Railway
353:route from London to
274:
165:South Eastern Railway
146:scientific instrument
958:Bristol in the 1880s
866:Otter, R.A. (1994).
518:refracting telescope
233:Dr. George Wollaston
243:Gravatt joined the
912:. 18 February 2009
745:has generic name (
618:by an overdose of
564:
522:achromatic doublet
428:
281:
193:Difference machine
191:and a copy of the
90:and Civil engineer
967:978-0-900814-55-6
877:978-0-7277-1971-3
845:"William Gravatt"
796:"William Gravatt"
572:Difference engine
568:Per Georg Scheutz
560:Per Georg Scheutz
551:Difference engine
538:Wandsworth Common
409:White Ball Tunnel
399:, Somerset, with
389:Act of Parliament
366:Taff Vale Railway
335:suspension bridge
136:
135:
131:Difference engine
95:Years active
1131:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
972:
971:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
902:
896:
895:
888:
882:
881:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
841:
832:
831:
818:Rankine, William
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
792:
779:
778:
767:. PHI Learning.
760:
751:
750:
744:
740:
738:
730:
722:
701:
700:
698:
675:
512:. Designed as a
229:Edward Troughton
71:
52:
50:
28:
16:British engineer
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1004:
997:
993:
986:
975:
968:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
930:
929:
925:
915:
913:
904:
903:
899:
890:
889:
885:
878:
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
847:. Jim-Shead.com
843:
842:
835:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
794:
793:
782:
775:
762:
761:
754:
741:
731:
724:
723:
704:
677:
676:
641:
636:
612:
596:
553:
530:Chance Brothers
514:great refractor
502:Craig telescope
498:
496:Craig telescope
492:
490:Craig telescope
461:Somerset Levels
456:
376:and onwards to
347:
327:
321:
287:
269:
241:
209:
189:Craig telescope
139:William Gravatt
127:Craig telescope
79:
73:
69:
60:
59:, Kent, England
54:
48:
46:
38:
33:
32:William Gravatt
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1029:
1018:
1002:
991:
973:
966:
949:
923:
897:
883:
876:
858:
833:
809:
780:
774:978-8120339859
773:
752:
702:
638:
637:
635:
632:
611:
608:
595:
592:
576:Somerset House
552:
549:
494:Main article:
491:
488:
459:plains of the
455:
452:
448:Westport Canal
401:William Froude
374:Merthyr Tydfil
346:
343:
323:Main article:
320:
317:
310:Humane Society
283:Main article:
268:
265:
249:curve of sines
240:
237:
208:
205:
203:by his nurse.
134:
133:
104:
103:Known for
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 59)
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1136:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
989:
984:
982:
980:
978:
974:
969:
963:
959:
953:
950:
938:
934:
927:
924:
911:
907:
901:
898:
893:
887:
884:
879:
873:
869:
862:
859:
846:
840:
838:
834:
829:
825:
824:
819:
813:
810:
797:
791:
789:
787:
785:
781:
776:
770:
766:
759:
757:
753:
748:
743:|author=
736:
728:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
703:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
640:
633:
631:
629:
628:South Hackney
625:
621:
617:
609:
607:
603:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
584:Prince Albert
581:
580:Royal Society
577:
573:
569:
561:
557:
550:
548:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Richard Beard
503:
497:
489:
487:
485:
484:Railway Mania
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:River Parrett
425:
421:
420:River Parrett
416:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
326:
318:
316:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
295:Thames Tunnel
292:
286:
285:Thames Tunnel
278:
277:Thames Tunnel
273:
267:Thames Tunnel
266:
264:
262:
258:
257:Royal Society
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:railway mania
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:Thames Tunnel
154:
149:
147:
143:
140:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:Thames Tunnel
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
84:Occupation(s)
82:
77:
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
37:
29:
26:
22:
1046:Find a Grave
1041:
1032:
1021:
994:
957:
952:
940:. Retrieved
926:
914:. Retrieved
900:
886:
867:
861:
849:. Retrieved
822:
812:
800:. Retrieved
764:
726:
686:
682:
613:
604:
597:
582:attended by
570:brought his
565:
542:
499:
477:
457:
429:
386:
363:
348:
339:William Bull
328:
313:
299:
288:
242:
225:John Smeaton
210:
150:
138:
137:
70:(1866-05-30)
53:14 July 1806
25:
1124:1866 deaths
1119:1806 births
624:Westminster
545:first light
526:flint glass
516:, it was a
359:dumpy level
275:Inside the
173:dumpy level
119:Dumpy level
76:Westminster
68:30 May 1866
1058:Categories
634:References
465:River Tone
426:, Somerset
397:White Ball
207:Early life
88:Mechanical
49:1806-07-14
765:Surveying
735:cite book
213:Gravesend
98:1821–1866
57:Gravesend
820:(1883).
620:morphine
616:poisoned
520:with an
463:and the
440:Langport
436:Westport
424:Langport
391:for the
211:Born in
201:morphine
78:, London
378:Dowlais
370:Cardiff
368:, from
217:Colonel
179:on the
155:on the
148:maker.
964:
942:31 May
916:31 May
874:
851:31 May
802:31 May
771:
469:Totnes
405:Exeter
306:dinghy
239:Career
830:–653.
610:Death
566:When
434:from
422:, in
355:Dover
169:Dover
962:ISBN
944:2012
918:2012
872:ISBN
853:2012
804:2012
769:ISBN
747:help
231:and
65:Died
43:Born
828:651
691:doi
630:.
528:by
438:to
372:to
167:to
142:FRS
36:FRS
1060::
1005:^
976:^
935:.
908:.
836:^
783:^
755:^
739::
737:}}
733:{{
705:^
687:26
685:.
681:.
642:^
590:.
384:.
341:.
297:.
263:.
235:.
227:,
129:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
970:.
946:.
920:.
894:.
880:.
855:.
806:.
777:.
749:)
729:.
699:.
693::
51:)
47:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.