199:, rejected Deng's proposal and instead decided to continue outside Khartoum until total "independence is achieved." Thus causing a split of SANU into two factions, one inside Sudan and the other outside Sudan. William Deng organised and registered the SANU inside Sudan, after which he became its president. Aggrey Jaden, on the other hand, became the leader of SANU outside. The SANU was formally registered as a political party in Sudan following a rally in
251:, whose policy was to make war with southern Sudan arms movement, the Anyanya, and their supporters inside the country. The policy was approved by the Northern Constituent Assembly to proceed with war and persecution of educated southern Sudanese in southern and northern Sudan. As a result, Prime Minister Mahgoub committed massive massacre of educated and Chiefs in Wau, Juba and other towns on 9–15 July 1965.
272:
represented a great setback in north–south relations. Deng's decision to return to the Sudan in 1965 to attend the Round Table
Conference and his participation in that event, in the Twelve-Man Committee, in the Political Parties Conference and in the National Constitution Commission had all made a positive contribution to the search for a solution of the Southern problem.
179:. In that operation, over twelve SAF soldiers were killed, and many automatic weapons were captured. Those military activities posed a serious security threat and putting its weight behind the civilian demonstrations which were steadily challenging and eroding the already crumbling military government. In response to mounting pressure, the military ruler, Major General
232:. During the conference the northern parties – as they had done previously – rejected the various demands proposed by the southern parties. To save face the northern and southern parties agreed to continue consultations by forming a twelve-man committee to consider and study what they called "local autonomy."
254:
Despite this, William Deng invested considerable time and efforts, trying to convince government leaders of the benefits of solving the north–south conflict. He pointed out the unwanted truth that the northern soldiers stationed in the south were in charge at daytime, brutal killers at night. If the
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in a place that is now called
William Bridge. There was little doubt that the army was responsible, although the government accused the rebels. The government ordered an investigation, but never issued a report on what had happened. According to Muhammad Omar Bashir, "The murder of William Deng
203:
on 11 April 1965, which was attended by 20,000 douthern and northern
Sudanese. The SANU was an active force in Sudanese politics for the next four years, advocating Federal system of government within united Sudan. The SANU in exile rejected Deng's moderated approach, and opted for separate
279:. Deng is now considered a national hero. However, his grave fell into disrepair, partly used as a garbage site, partly for local breweries. In May 2011 residents in the immediate area of the grave were given one month's notice to leave so that the site could be cleaned up. His son
207:
The provisional government, led Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, from 24 October 1964 to 15 June 1965, held the Round Table Peace
Conference on the "problem of Southern Sudan." The Conference was attended by several northern political parties including the Umma Party, the
239:
called elections for May–June 1965 as demanded by the northern political parties. The SANU inside and
Southern Front boycotted the elections. As such the election ended up being held without southern inclussion. The Umma and the NUP won.
46:. The Sudanese government denied having authorised his assassination. Although no investigation was conducted, eyewitnesses at Cueibet village and an SANU investigation committee confirmed the SAF's part in his death.
632:
187:, backed all political parties, north and south, declared freedom of speech and association allowing political parties to operate. The government called for peaceful solution to the "problem of Southern Sudan."
160:(SANU). The new name was designed to show solidarity with other African nationalist movements of the period. In Kampala the SANU became the voice of the 60,000 refugees who had fled to camps in the
263:
In the 1968 election, William Deng won his seat by a landslide, but was assassinated just as the results were announced. Deng and others in his party were killed on 9 May 1968 in
89:, Ingesenia and other parts of northern Sudan. These African groups formed the Congress of New Forces (CNF), in the Constituent Assembly in 1967/68, to oppose the government of
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stalemate were ended, military costs would drop and the south could supply the north with food, with surplus for export. He was not successful in his arguments.
134:
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183:, announced his resignation and opened way to civilian rule, beginning from 21 October 1964. The new civilian provional government, led by Prime Minister
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and Uganda, but was unable to establish a political presence in Sudan. The SANU leaders did manage to organize the military Wing of the SANU, the
137:(SACDNU). William Deng was appointed Secretary-General of SACNDU in 1962. William Deng and Joseph Oduho co-authored their first book in 1962: "
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William Deng was responsible for the Bahr al-Ghazal insurgents, that launched heavy military attacked on Sudan's military garrison at
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Some time after the army took power in 1958, William Deng fled into exile, as did other southern politicians including Fr.
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In
February 1965, William Deng decided to return to Khartoum and register the SANU. The other SANU leaders, led by
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26:(SANU), from 1962 to 1968. He was elected unopposed. He was one of founders of the military wing of the
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as president of the
Supreme Council (five men's head of state membership) and Umma Prime Minister,
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141:." In said book, they declared an arms struggle for the independence of southern Sudan from the
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287:, and in December 2008 was appointed Minister for SPLA Affairs, or Defense Minister.
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73:. He aimed for political partnership with indigenous African Sudanese people of
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fighting for the independence of southern Sudan. He was ambushed and killed by
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Sharīf ʻAbd Allāh Ḥar̄ir, Sharif Harir, Terje Tvedt, Raphael K. Badal (1994).
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The two parties opted for coalition government headed by the NUP President,
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The optimism in the south for return to democracy, was quickly aborted.
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62:. He joined the government as an administrator. William Deng believed in
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South Sudan: The Case for
Independence & Learning from Mistakes
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After his death, William Deng was buried in his home town in
658:"Nhial Deng Nhial appointed southern Sudan Defense Minister"
633:"RESIDENTS NEAR WILLIAM DENG NHIAL'S GRAVE EVICTED IN TONJ"
133:, where they were joined by William Deng and founded the
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and in solidarity with
African Sudanese in resistance to
401:. The Youth Organization of Warrap State. Archived from
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in
January 1964. That Anyanya was commanded by Col.
22:(1929 – 5 May 1968) was the political leader of the
510:
War of Visions: conflict of identities in the Sudan
513:. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 140–145.
156:in Uganda in 1963, with the movement renamed the
212:(NUP), the Islamic Charter Front (NIF), and the
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374:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80.
543:. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 106–107.
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135:Sudan African Closed Districts National Union
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581:The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective
563:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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540:Short-cut to Decay: The Case of the Sudan
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283:later became a leading politician in the
713:Assassinated South Sudanese politicians
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584:. Transaction Publishers. p. 91.
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216:(SCP). Both the SANU factions and the
58:origin, and was born in Tonj, then in
733:Politicians assassinated in the 1960s
331:The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars
285:Sudanese People's Liberation Movement
7:
432:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 150.
334:. Indiana University Press. p.
611:. Dorrance Publishing. p. 61.
477:Douglas H. Johnson (1 April 1993).
718:20th-century South Sudanese people
457:"Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69"
145:dominated, colonial government of
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328:Douglas Hamilton Johnson (2003).
139:The Problem of the Southern Sudan
1:
608:My Life, My Country, My World
121:. Ohure and Oduho moved from
708:Assassinated Sudanese people
637:Sudan Catholic Radio Network
507:Francis Mading Deng (1995).
204:independent southern Sudan.
162:Democratic Republic of Congo
158:Sudan African National Union
131:Democratic Republic of Congo
24:Sudan African National Union
16:South Sudanese revolutionary
605:James Leonard Mack (2008).
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703:South Sudanese politicians
693:People from Warrap (state)
578:Robert O. Collins (2006).
459:. U.S. Library of Congress
368:Robert O. Collins (2008).
371:A history of modern Sudan
237:Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
185:Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
152:The exiles moved back to
723:People murdered in Sudan
479:"Obituary: Joseph Oduho"
214:Sudanese Communist Party
210:National Unionist Party
34:(SAF) on 9 May 1968 at
95:Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub
249:Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub
32:Sudanese Armed Forces
426:"William Deng Nhial"
424:Lb Lokosang (2010).
399:"William Deng Nhial"
304:"William Deng Nhial"
67:Democratic Socialism
54:William Deng was of
664:. December 21, 2008
38:, on his way from
20:William Deng Nhial
618:978-0-8059-7881-0
439:978-1-4535-7374-7
381:978-0-521-67495-9
277:Tonj South County
177:Bernadino Mou Mou
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119:Alexis Bakumba
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60:Bahr al-Ghazal
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698:Dinka people
666:. Retrieved
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197:Aggrey Jaden
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728:1929 births
688:1968 deaths
269:Lakes State
71:Arabization
64:Pan-African
682:Categories
668:2011-08-17
643:2011-08-17
488:2011-08-17
463:2011-08-17
291:References
224:, Uganda,
99:Umma Party
50:Background
559:cite book
313:6 August
230:Ethiopia
201:Omdurman
147:Khartoum
127:Kinshasa
308:Dalwuot
166:Anyanya
154:Kampala
97:of the
36:Cueibet
28:Anyanya
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123:Uganda
40:Rumbek
226:Kenya
222:Egypt
105:Exile
87:Nubia
56:Dinka
613:ISBN
586:ISBN
565:link
545:ISBN
515:ISBN
434:ISBN
411:2024
376:ISBN
340:ISBN
315:2021
228:and
143:Arab
117:and
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75:Nuba
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173:Wau
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