27:
166:
in a lump of chalk, indicating the construction method on site. Eventually he settled on three phases: the earthwork enclosure, a large stone circle now vanished that supposedly stood in the Aubrey Holes, and finally a larger megaliths phase involving the extant stones as
Stonehenge 3. Hawley's model of a multiphase site did not agree with the contemporary interpretation and was ignored until
165:
Hawley proved, from a thin stratum of stone chip debris he called the
Stonehenge Layer, that the earthwork features, the Aubrey Holes and some of the other postholes and burials constituted earlier phases of activity that predated the erection of the megaliths. He also found an antler pick embedded
134:
who had been passed responsibility for
Stonehenge when it had been donated to the nation in 1918. They were primarily concerned with the danger of falling stones, but funds were made available for Hawley to continue his investigations long after the righting work was finished.
129:
The first task was the supervised righting of some of the fallen stones, late in 1919. Hawley dug out the foundations before the stones were replaced. Hawley was employed by the Office of Works, the antecedent of the
121:
Work at the
Stonehenge prehistoric monument was carried out between 1919 and 1926, largely by Hawley alone, at times assisted by Robert Newall, a draughtsman from the Office of Works. The weather and the confusing
185:
150:
and stone holes within the centre of the monument. He found many of the cremated and uncremated human remains which first indicated a funerary role for
Stonehenge. Excavations of the
173:
Certain of Hawley's other ideas, such as
Stonehenge being a fortified settlement, were further off the mark and he died before his work was recognised.
67:
433:
271:
131:
126:
of this site made work difficult, but Hawley was able to make numerous breakthroughs regarding the history of activity on the site.
266:
110:
428:
20:
170:
revived the idea in the 1950s. Although later considerably refined, his multi-phase interpretation is now fully accepted.
95:
99:
75:
47:
189:
347:
167:
176:
Artefacts excavated by Hawley at
Stonehenge are displayed in the Wessex Gallery of Archaeology at the
26:
438:
423:
293:
177:
151:
247:
227:
106:
262:
222:
181:
242:
155:
83:
63:
193:
319:
417:
143:
43:
139:
123:
79:
86:, and after the end of this war he was back with his regiment from October 1902.
162:, and the trench (Arc Trench) leading up to the Heelstone were also undertaken.
71:
51:
159:
103:
78:
from March 1893. In late March 1902, he was seconded for active service in
147:
320:"Ashmolean Museum; British Archaeology: Stonehenge and the Ashmolean"
403:(The Antiquaries Journal 8, Oxford University Press, 149-176). 1928.
394:
Report on the
Excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1924.
389:(The Antiquaries Journal 5, Oxford University Press, 21-50). 1925.
387:
Report on the
Excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1923.
382:(The Antiquaries Journal 4, Oxford University Press, 30-39). 1923.
375:(The Antiquaries Journal 3, Oxford University Press, 13-20). 1923.
368:(The Antiquaries Journal 2, Oxford University Press, 36-52). 1922.
361:(The Antiquaries Journal 1, Oxford University Press, 19-41). 1921.
25:
396:(The Antiquaries Journal 6, Oxford University Press, 1-25). 1926.
408:
Stonehenge, Wiltshire (Ancient monuments and historic buildings)
401:
Report on the
Excavations at Stonehenge during 1925 and 1926.
102:, Hawley participated in the first major excavations of the
109:
between 1909 and 1915. These digs were organized by the
410:(Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London). 1959.
380:Fourth Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge.
366:Second Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge.
373:Third Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge.
8:
180:. Selected samples were also sent to the
19:For other people with similar names, see
205:
186:Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
7:
142:for the first time, as well as the
272:National Heritage List for England
14:
111:Society of Antiquaries of London
74:division of the Royal Engineers
42:(1851–1941) was a British
30:Excavations near the Heelstone (
21:William Hawley (disambiguation)
359:The Excavations at Stonehenge.
251:. 6 January 1903. p. 111.
231:. 11 April 1902. p. 2423.
1:
434:Archaeologists of Stonehenge
82:for the later stages of the
455:
96:William Henry St John Hope
18:
100:Duncan Hector Montgomerie
46:who undertook pioneering
190:National Museum of Wales
146:and a variety of other
32:The Antiquaries Journal
429:British archaeologists
354:(Penguin Books). 1956.
212:Hart′s Army list, 1903
138:Hawley identified the
35:
267:"Old Sarum (1015675)"
29:
16:British archaeologist
298:Current archaeology
192:(Cardiff), and the
38:Lieutenant-Colonel
399:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
392:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
385:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
378:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
371:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
364:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
357:Hawley, Lt-Col W,
294:"Salisbury Museum"
248:The London Gazette
228:The London Gazette
62:Hawley joined the
36:
324:www.ashmolean.org
188:(Cambridge), the
132:Ministry of Works
446:
335:
334:
332:
330:
316:
310:
309:
307:
305:
300:. 8 October 2014
290:
284:
283:
281:
279:
263:Historic England
259:
253:
252:
239:
233:
232:
219:
213:
210:
178:Salisbury Museum
168:Richard Atkinson
454:
453:
449:
448:
447:
445:
444:
443:
414:
413:
344:
342:Further reading
339:
338:
328:
326:
318:
317:
313:
303:
301:
292:
291:
287:
277:
275:
261:
260:
256:
241:
240:
236:
221:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
156:Heelstone Ditch
119:
92:
84:Second Boer War
64:Royal Engineers
60:
58:Military career
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
452:
450:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
416:
415:
412:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
343:
340:
337:
336:
311:
285:
254:
234:
214:
204:
203:
201:
198:
194:British Museum
184:(Oxford), the
118:
115:
91:
88:
59:
56:
40:William Hawley
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
451:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
419:
409:
406:Newall, R S,
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
384:
381:
377:
374:
370:
367:
363:
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
345:
341:
325:
321:
315:
312:
299:
295:
289:
286:
274:
273:
268:
264:
258:
255:
250:
249:
244:
238:
235:
230:
229:
224:
218:
215:
209:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
171:
169:
163:
161:
158:) around the
157:
154:, the ditch (
153:
149:
145:
144:Y and Z Holes
141:
136:
133:
127:
125:
116:
114:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
44:archaeologist
41:
33:
28:
22:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
329:14 September
327:. Retrieved
323:
314:
304:14 September
302:. Retrieved
297:
288:
276:. Retrieved
270:
257:
246:
237:
226:
217:
208:
175:
172:
164:
140:Aubrey Holes
137:
128:
124:stratigraphy
120:
93:
80:South Africa
61:
39:
37:
31:
439:1851 births
424:1941 deaths
243:"No. 27513"
223:"No. 27424"
94:Along with
48:excavations
418:Categories
352:Stonehenge
200:References
196:(London).
117:Stonehenge
72:Portsmouth
66:and was a
52:Stonehenge
350:, R J C,
278:3 January
182:Ashmolean
160:Heelstone
148:postholes
104:Old Sarum
90:Old Sarum
348:Atkinson
265:(2014).
107:hillfort
76:Militia
70:of the
68:captain
34:, 1925)
152:Avenue
331:2016
306:2016
280:2015
98:and
50:at
420::
322:.
296:.
269:.
245:.
225:.
113:.
54:.
333:.
308:.
282:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
