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Sixpence Also I Give & bequeath to my
Grandson Robert Wright Son of the said William Wright now at Schole at Moulton in Lincolnshire whatsoever is now or at the time of my death shall be found in my biggest Leather Trunk which s. trunk my will is shall be delivered into the hands and possession of M. Elizabeth Rugg the wife of M W Rugg of Miter Court in the Temple to be by her carefully kept for the use aforesaid Also I give unto the Hon. Charles Hatton & his Lady to M. W. Gylby of Grays Inn to doct. Robert Gray to the wife of my s. Son W. Wright and to M Edward Burmis each of them a gold Ring of ten Shillings value What money shall be found remaining in the hands of the s M. W. Gylby after my debts funerall Charges and Legacies thereout paid I give the Sume to the s. M W. Gylby in Trust for my s. Grandson Robert Wright Also all my wearing Apparel both wollen Linnen or otherwaies of Whatsoever Sort or Sorts the Same are together w my feather bed and Pillowes as also my Scrutoe & Chest of drawers & all other matter not herein before by me bequeathed the Same I give & bequeath to my Servant Anne Boyn for her great care to me in my Sickness by her freely to be possessed and enjoyed whom I also make my only and Sole Executrix of this my last will and Testament in witness whereof I have hereunto Set my hand and Seal the Six and twentieth day of March in the year of our Lord 1713 Signed Sealed & published by the s. dame Anne Wright as her last will & Testament in the presence of the record thereout being first undersigned C: Hatton W:Holmes Ann Wright
210:, by bribery if necessary, showed a grave lack of political judgement, but it was straining the law very far to call them treasonable. The correspondence, which had apparently ended in 1674 or 1675, had no effect whatever on English foreign policy, and was of such little importance that Colman, until he was confronted with the letters after his arrest, had apparently forgotten writing them. Scroggs told Colman that he had been condemned on his own papers; this was fortunate for the Crown, since the evidence of Oates and Bedloe of overt acts of treason was so feeble that Scroggs in his summing-up simply ignored it. Scroggs later boasted that he had hanged Colman "against the will of the Court", but in fact, it seems that the King was happy enough to sacrifice Colman, whom he had long regarded as a troublemaker.
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a
Frenchman. Despite Burnet's low opinion of Carstares, it is likely enough that he told the truth when he testified that Staley, who was a heavy drinker, had made this threat against the King when he was inebriated, but in less disturbed times Staley could have hoped to escape with a severe reprimand. Scroggs in his summing up did tell the jury that in case of a man's life, he would have no regard paid to "the rumours and disorders of the time" but the rest of his charge was wholly in favour of a guilty verdict, which the jury duly brought in without even leaving the box. Staley was
95:, the King's chief minister, who was his patron, and knew that he was both a good lawyer and a staunch supporter of the Crown. His hatred of Roman Catholic priests, which was to play so large a part in the Popish Plot trials, was not a fault in the eyes of Danby, who although he was the son of a Catholic mother, adhered to his father's Protestant faith. The King, although he was himself in all but outward appearance a Catholic, also accepted the need to maintain a public appearance of conformity to the
26:
145:, was arguably a case apart as he was a person of good social standing, and was generally regarded as "a man of sense and temper", with "something in his manner which disposed people to believe him". Scroggs, like many others (even the King, who was in general a complete sceptic about the veracity of the Plot), can be excused for finding his evidence credible, at least in the early stages of the Plot.
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fever, he admitted that there were hundreds of honest
Catholic gentlemen in England who would never engage in any conspiracy against the King. Lay Catholics who gave evidence at the Plot trials were, in general, accorded more courtesy than were priests: at the trial of Sir George Wakeman, Ellen Rigby, the former housekeeper of the
125:
accused that at one trial he admitted to the jury during his summing-up that he had forgotten much of the evidence. In fairness to
Scroggs, he seems to have been a sincere believer in the existence of the Plot, as was much of the general public and Parliament, but he did nothing to test the credibility of witnesses like Oates,
169:
he had heard Staley say in French: "the King is a great heretic...this is the hand that shall kill him". His speaking in French (this was confirmed by another witness) attracted suspicion, although in fact, it was perfectly understandable since the guest he was dining with, one
Monsieur Fromante, was
865:
In the name of God Amen I dame Anne Wright of the Parish of S Andrews
Holbourne In the County of Middx widow make this my last will & Testament ffirst I Give & bequeath to my Son William Wright now in the Kingdom of Ireland one broad peice of gold of the value of twenty three Shillings &
452:
to take notes of the evidence, on the ground that "a woman's notes will not signify, truly - no more than her tongue". On the other hand, at
Wakeman's trial, he treated Ellen Rigby, the former housekeeper at the Benedictine house in London, with great respect, and told the jury to treat her evidence
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of
Scroggs in January 1681. The dissolution of Parliament put an end to the impeachment, but the King now felt secure enough to dispense with his services, and in April Scroggs, much it seems to his own surprise, was removed from the bench, although with a generous pension. He retired to his country
300:
he delivered a speech on the need for judicial independence: "the people ought to be pleased with public justice and not justice seek to please the people... justice should flow like a mighty stream... neither for my part do I think we live in so corrupted an age that no man can with safety be just
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Scroggs was noted for his violent hatred of, and public outbursts against
Catholic priests, of which perhaps the most notorious was: "they eat their God, they kill their King, and saint the murderer!". His attitude towards Catholic laymen was far less hostile: even in 1678, at the height of the Plot
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In the name of God Amen the fifth day of July Anno Dni one thousand six hundred eighty nine to my
Loveing sonn S. William Scroggs to my Loveing daughter the Lady Wright twenty pounds my Grandchildren William Wright William Gylby Robert Gylby and Thomas Gylby to my Loveing daughter M. Elizabeth
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in open court, Scroggs said incredulously "You cannot think that he will swear three men out of their lives for nothing?". All three defendants were put to death. As Mrs. Hill had correctly predicted, Prance later confessed that he had perjured himself under the threat of torture and that the three
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for having discredited their evidence and misdirected the jury in the Wakeman case, accusing him at the same time of several other misdemeanours on the bench, including a habit of excessive drinking and foul language (the charge of heavy drinking at least was probably true enough). In January 1680
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Scroggs was a judge at a time when many members of the High Court Bench were considered corrupt and unfair, and his temper and treatment of defendants were an example of the endemic problems with the judiciary, whose coarse and brutal manners shocked most educated laymen. He served on the bench
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and other informers for complicity in the fabricated "Popish Plot", and he treated these prisoners with characteristic violence and brutality, overwhelming them with sarcasm and abuse while on their trial, and taunting them when sentencing them to death. So careless was he of the rights of the
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Scroggs had already directed the acquittal of Pepys's clerk Samuel Atkins on the charge of having conspired to murder Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, a charge which was clearly designed to damage Pepys himself. Scroggs conducted Atkins's trial with refreshing humanity and good humour. When Atkins'
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who has been criticised for similarly poor treatment of defendants and witnesses. Kenyon notes that while their behaviour in Court seems "degrading and disgusting" by modern standards, at the time it was taken for granted: "the judges' manners were rough because they were a rough lot".
247:, appeared likely to involve the Queen herself in the ramifications of the plot, that Scroggs began to think matters were going too far; he was probably also influenced by the discovery that the Court regarded the plot with disbelief and disfavour, and that the Country Party led by
313:
was accused of treason, Scroggs, no doubt mindful that both Charles II and his brother the Duke of York had a high regard for Pepys, treated him with the utmost courtesy, and he never actually stood trial. As a result, the picture of Scroggs in Pepys's third diary, the so-called
281:, and for some days his life was despaired of. Scroggs, fearing for his future, rushed to Windsor to find the King making a slow recovery: seeing Scroggs hovering anxiously in the background, the King told him that he had nothing to fear: "for we shall stand or fall together".
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had less influence than he had supposed with the King. The Chief Justice on this occasion threw grave doubt on the trustworthiness of Bedloe and Oates as witnesses, and warned the jury to be careful in accepting their evidence. Wakeman and three priests, including the leading
274:, acting on behalf of the Portuguese-born Queen, to secure Wakeman's acquittal. In the circumstances, the decision of the Ambassador to call on Scroggs the day after the trial to thank him for securing an acquittal has been described as an act of "incredible folly'.
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witness, Captain Vittles, testified that Atkins had drunk so much wine on the night in question that he could not possibly have killed anyone, Scroggs, himself a notably heavy drinker, cheerfully said: "Do you both go out and share another bottle of wine".
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the case was argued before the Council and Scroggs was acquitted. Scroggs repeated the attacks he had made on Oates' credibility at Wakeman's trial, and the King expressed his full confidence in him. At the trials of
296:'s health at the Lord Mayor's dinner a few months later, in the presence of Shaftesbury, indicated his determination not to support the Exclusionists against the known wishes of the King. At the opening of the
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Scroggs was the subject of many contemporary satires; he was reputed to live a debauched lifestyle, he was undoubtedly a heavy drinker, and his manners during trials were considered 'coarse' and 'violent'.
708:
Kenyon pp.184-5- Kenyon points out that a judge's summing-up was then something of an ordeal since there was no facility for taking notes, so the judge had to rely entirely on his memory of the evidence.
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Wild speeches by Roman Catholics were not uncommon during the reign of Charles II, but in normal times "most magistrates were sensibly content to bind the offenders over to keep the peace": Kenyon p.13
259:, who were tried with him, were duly acquitted. Scroggs for the first time observed that even a Catholic priest might be innocent of anything but being a priest (which was itself a
206:. Again Scroggs drove hard for a conviction, despite Colman's standing as a Government official. Colman's letters, in which he urged Louis to press Charles II for dissolution of
137:, even though he knew well that Bedloe and Dangerfield were leading figures in the criminal underworld. He also knew that Prance had made his confession only after a threat of
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and follow his own conscience." Kenyon remarks that whatever Scroggs's faults, this speech shows that he was far more than the "brainless bully" he is sometimes portrayed as.
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later made a violent attack on the character and credibility of William Carstares, the Crown's chief witness, who testified that while dining in the Black Lion Pub in
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This inflamed public opinion against Scroggs, for the popular belief in the plot was still strong. He was accused of taking bribes from the Portuguese Ambassador, the
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Scroggs' opinion of his wife, and of women in general, may perhaps be inferred from an irritable remark he made at the trial for treason of the barrister
475:, who knew him well, described him as a man of great wit and fluency, but "scandalous, violent, intemperate and extreme". Forty years after his death,
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in the summer of 1679 (although it must be said that he recommended Bromwich for mercy, and he was duly reprieved). Nevertheless, his proposing the
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in June of the same year, both of whom were acquitted, he discredited Dangerfield's evidence, calling him "a notorious villain ... he was in
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99:, and to favour staunchly Protestant officeholders. Also, like Danby, he was anxious that the High Court judges should be good "King's men".
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of sufficient means to give his son a university education is merely a rumour, although one which was widely believed. He spent his youth in
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order's house in London, was treated by Scroggs (who was reputed to be something of a misogynist) with the utmost respect.
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Scroggs continued in his poor treatment of Catholic priests who came before him for trial, as he showed when he sentenced
267:, although Corker and the others were spared the death penalty, and were all released after spending some time in jail).
318:, is surprisingly favourable. Pepys was particularly impressed by a remark of Scroggs that Pepys and his co-accused Sir
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gaol", and on the former occasion committed the witness to prison. In the same month, he discharged the grand jury of
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At the trial in February 1679 of the prisoners Henry Berry, Robert Green, and Lawrence Hill, accused of the murder of
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religion, and loudly proclaiming his belief in the guilt of the accused. When Lawrence Hill's wife boldly accused
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161:, was executed for treason, the precise charge being that he had "imagined (i.e. threatened) the King's death".
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503:(published posthumously in London, 1701), and he edited reports of the state trials over which he presided.
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Acting in the assurance of popular sympathy, Oates and Bedloe now arraigned the Chief Justice before the
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in 1676. Two years later he was promoted to the office of Lord Chief Justice on the recommendation of
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Elizabeth (died 1724), who married firstly Anthony Gylby and secondly Charles Hatton, younger son of
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It was only when, in July of the same year, Oates's accusation against the Queen's physician,
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in 1679. Despite objections from William Bedloe, Scroggs permitted female observers like
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Will of Dame Ann Scroggs of Saint James's Westminster, Middlesex – The National Archives
850:"Will of Dame Anne Wright of St. Andrew Holborn in Middlesex. Probate Date: 6 May 1713"
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before the end of term in order to save the Duke of York from indictment as a popish
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As Lord Chief Justice, Scroggs presided at the trial of the persons denounced by
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Scroggs was the son of an Oxford landowner; the story of him being the son of a
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Carstares is a rather shadowy figure, but he was evidently not the clergyman
529:, etc., edited by A Jessopp (3 vols, London, 1890), and Examen (London, 1740)
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Scroggs married Anne Fettyplace (d. 1689), daughter of Edmund Fettyplace of
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934:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 484.
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68:, where he graduated in 1640, having acquired a fair knowledge of the
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said for his soul, followed by a magnificent funeral at the Anglican
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for the defence as credible, a tribute to her forceful personality.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Sir William Scroggs junior (died 1695), who like his father was a
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trials, where he was accused of showing bias against the accused.
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202:, was executed for his allegedly treasonable correspondence with
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from 1678 to 1681. He is best remembered for presiding over the
487:, called him "as vile and profligate a villain as Scroggs".
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were Englishmen and "should have the rights of Englishmen".
16:
For the American founder of Kappa Kappa Psi fraternity, see
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when his namesake encountered Staley in a London tavern.
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519:(vols. i.-x. of State Trials, 33 vols, London, 1809)
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Scroggs was the author of a work on the Practice of
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Anne (died 1713), who married as his third wife Sir
660:"Parishes: Stifford | British History Online"
401:Memorial of Elizabeth Scroggs, Lincoln Cathedral
277:In August 1679 the King fell desperately ill at
549:, edited by P Bliss (4 vols, London, 1813–1820)
84:, and soon gained good practice in the courts.
72:. There is some evidence that he fought on the
36:(c. 1623 – 25 October 1683) was
368:declared to be illegal, and which was made an
801:, Sutton Publishing Ltd. Gloucester 2004 p.46
389:in London, where he died on 25 October 1683.
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649:2nd Edition Phoenix Press London 2000 p.202
537:A Brief Relation of State Affairs, 1678-1714
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995:Lord chief justices of England and Wales
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1010:People associated with the Popish Plot
593:History of the Criminal Law of England
573:Lives of the Chief Justices of England
554:Correspondence of the Family of Hatton
116:Lord Chief Justice and the Popish Plot
7:
438:Christopher Hatton, 1st Baron Hatton
517:Complete Collection of State Trials
235:men executed were wholly innocent.
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180:St. Paul's Church, Convent Garden
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230:, the Crown's chief witness, of
87:He was appointed a judge of the
1000:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
239:Scroggs turns against the Plot
198:, former private secretary to
1:
485:Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
430:but died in prison after the
428:Lord Chief Justice of England
426:, who like her father became
385:; he also had a townhouse at
38:Lord Chief Justice of England
1020:Justices of the Common Pleas
479:in his celebrated attack on
141:. Another leading informer,
103:Scroggs on Roman Catholicism
1025:Impeached British officials
585:(9 vols, London, 1848–1864)
575:(3 vols, London, 1849–1857)
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616:Phoenix Press Reissue 2000
462:during the same period as
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457:Personality and lifestyle
364:, a proceeding which the
172:hung, drawn and quartered
721:, who was a prisoner in
305:Scroggs and Samuel Pepys
220:Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
66:Pembroke College, Oxford
931:Encyclopædia Britannica
335:Last years on the Bench
604:Life of Judge Jeffreys
595:(3 vols, London, 1883)
559:Edward Maunde Thompson
539:(6 vols, Oxford, 1857)
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265:Jesuits, etc. Act 1584
48:Youth and early career
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1005:Members of Gray's Inn
799:Pepys's Later Diaries
599:Harry Brodribb Irving
583:The Judges of England
565:22, 23, London, 1878)
527:Life of Lord Guilford
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214:Berry, Green and Hill
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1015:People from Stifford
967:Sir Fraser Pemberton
922:Scroggs, Sir William
918:McNeill, Ronald John
611:John Philipps Kenyon
450:Mary, Lady Worcester
316:King's Bench Journal
272:Marquis of Arronches
834:. 30 October 1689.
432:Glorious Revolution
204:Louis XIV of France
157:, a young Catholic
34:Sir William Scroggs
29:Sir William Scroggs
957:Lord Chief Justice
770:Kenyon pp. 192-201
547:Athenae Oxonienses
533:Narcissus Luttrell
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245:Sir George Wakeman
135:Thomas Dangerfield
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18:William A. Scroggs
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964:Succeeded by
950:Richard Raynsford
752:Kenyon pp.131-143
719:William Carstares
446:Richard Langhorne
346:Elizabeth Cellier
153:In November 1678
97:Church of England
93:the Earl of Danby
82:called to the bar
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196:Edward Colman
194:A week later
190:Edward Colman
189:
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184:London Bridge
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929:
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288:to death at
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985:1623 births
859:8 September
579:Edward Foss
523:Roger North
507:Authorities
497:Courts-Leet
473:Roger North
379:South Weald
374:impeachment
254:Benedictine
122:Titus Oates
110:Benedictine
42:Popish Plot
979:Categories
633:References
627:Weald Hall
354:Chelmsford
263:under the
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407:Berkshire
358:Middlesex
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377:home at
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290:Stafford
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