530:, subsidies and import controls. He concluded that pastoral exports by themselves would not generate enough foreign exchange to maintain full employment, and would continue to make the economy highly vulnerable to fluctuations in international conditions. So he sought import substitution, the further processing of agricultural production for export, and the exporting of non-pastoral agricultural exports, manufacturing and services (such as tourism). As such he foresaw, championed and laid the foundations of the great export diversifications of the 1970s.
664:, "The documents don't name Sutch but the details clearly identify him and state he was recruited in 1950." If the person was indeed Sutch, he was recruited while representing New Zealand at the United Nations, and continued contact with the KGB for 24 years, including 15 years when he was employed in high Government office. Sutch's daughter did not accept the evidence, stating: "It is well known that KGB agents in general were desperate to talk up any contacts they had because they were under pressure from their superiors".
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had passed to the Soviet diplomat (hence the curious charge that he faced, under the
Official Secrets Act, of passing unspecified information to the Soviet Union). Sutch claimed his meetings with Soviet officials were after the Russian ostensibly approached him in his capacity as a stalwart of the NZ Friends of Israel, for information about who were the Zionists in New Zealand, and to discuss China.
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454:). He had considerable input into economic policy at the time. Eventually, Sutch's political activities were deemed incompatible with his official role, and he was transferred out of the economic sphere. He left the civil service to join the army, becoming an instructor. He returned to the Ministry of Supply arranging equipment and finance.
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Sutch's writing provides one of the most comprehensive accounts of, and visions for, New
Zealand. While his views were often original and independent, many that were rejected at the time are now accepted. He was a nation-builder who wanted to see an economically strong and socially fair New Zealand,
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during an attempt to be the first to follow a particular route during the winter season. The trip was scheduled to take two days, but they were delayed when two of the members were injured in a fall and all were forced to travel very slowly through some of the worst weather recorded, before finally
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On 12 January 1934 at
Wellington, Bill Sutch married Morva Milburn Williams, a schoolteacher. There were no children of the marriage. His marriage to Morva was dissolved on 2 February 1944, and he married Shirley Hilda Stanley Smith (1916–2008), a lecturer and later a lawyer, in Auckland on 2 June
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The SIS aimed to catch Sutch passing on information during a meeting at night in a public park, but did not detain Sutch until after
Rasgovorov had left. They assumed Sutch would co-operate once caught red handed. When he did not, they could not provide specific details of what information Sutch
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Sutch's promotion of industrialisation was anathema to much of the farming community, though many in the business community supported him. In March 1965 he was forced to retire after 40 years of public service employment. His dismissal letter said, "you do not enjoy the confidence of the business
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following a series of clandestine meetings with KGB agent
Dimitri Rasgovorov, an official of the Soviet Union's embassy in Wellington. Sutch was the only New Zealander ever to stand trial under the espionage provisions of the Official Secrets Act, based on the British Act of 1951 and repealed in
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Economist Brian Easton has argued that: "The events surrounding the trial overshadowed the significance of what went before, and have muted subsequent recognition of his intellectual contributions." The trial also overshadowed his role in the establishment of
566:, asserting that quality design was central to economic and social development. He helped to set up the Wellington Architectural Centre, provided the intellectual framework that led to the formation of the New Zealand Industrial Design Council and chaired the
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At trial the SIS claimed that the retired Sutch had obtained official government information to give to the
Soviets but was unable to provide details of what information. Following a high-profile trial, a jury acquitted Sutch of the charges in February 1975.
402:. He was involved in a number of left-leaning organisations and associations, and helped edit and publish literature connected with them. In 1939, he assisted the publication of "Psycho-pathology in Politics", written by Labour Party dissident
311:. He was acquitted, an outcome that was the subject of much debate since then. Although there were subsequent disclosures from the KGB which indicated that he may have been a spy, no definitive proof that he was has ever been uncovered.
519:, who knew Sutch well, ignored the objections of the Security Service who thought an appointment was not worth compromising allegiance to the United States. Nash's biographer described Sutch's elevation as a "courageous decision".
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Sutch began to suffer ill health at about the same time as he was arrested and died from liver cancer six months after the trial on 28 September 1975 at
Wellington, shortly after holding his just-born first grandson, Piers.
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Debate over his guilt or innocence continued long after his death. A book published in 2006 by C.H (Kit) Bennetts, the SIS officer who had first observed Sutch, reasserted the claim that he was guilty. In an editorial, the
323:, England in 1907, but his family moved to New Zealand when he was eight months old. His father, Ebenezer (Ted) Sutch, was a journeyman carpenter, and his mother, Ellen Sutch (née Ball), a dressmaker. He grew up in the
466:(UNRRA), working in Sydney and then in London, covering war-devastated Europe. As a result of this work, he was selected to head the New Zealand delegation to the United Nations, where he held positions with the
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had blocked Sutch's promotion to the head of the department because of an
American threat that they would regard New Zealand's security as suspect (The United States communicated secret information to its
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making their way out more than two weeks later. Once noticed missing, the resultant search became the largest search and rescue operation in New
Zealand up until that time, involving around 200 people.
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Politically, Sutch was generally on the left, although his wide network of friends included people of all political persuasions, and perhaps the person he most admired was the centre-right politician
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On 9 May 2008, most of the SIS file on the Sutch and the trial were declassified. The files contained no new material information. On the other hand a Top Secret 1976 report by chief ombudsman Sir
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award. In 2020 her son in law, Keith
Ovenden, published "Bill and Shirley – a memoir" which does not mention Gaitanos' biography (the family had withdrawn cooperation during the writing of it).
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community and of the Government to the measure desired of the permanent head of your department." At the age of 57 he became a consultant. Among his many further publications were the books,
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595:(SIS) documents in 2008 said: "Our family hopes that justice can now be done to that historic legacy, which has been overshadowed for so long by events in the last year of his life".
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Linda Tyler. 'Plischke, Ernst Anton', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 2000, updated November, 2007. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand,
370:. At Columbia he was awarded a PhD in Economics in 1932 on "Price fixing in New Zealand. After some travel he then returned to New Zealand which was experiencing the
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Two biographies have been published of Shirley and her marriage to Sutch; Shirley Smith: An Examined Life Sarah Gaitanos 2019 was shortlisted for the
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Upon returning to New Zealand in 1951, Sutch worked for the Department of Industries and Commerce, eventually in 1958 rising to be its Secretary. The
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released details from the KGB files from the Wellington Embassy that they held in archives that had been provided by Soviet defector
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Gregory, G., 2013. Not to be forgotten: New Zealand Association of Scientific Workers. New Zealand Science Review, 70(1), pp.10-19.
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free from colonial ties, whether economic or political. He was a committed nationalist, and on many matters ahead of his times.
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In April 1933, Sutch was one of four people that included Morva Williams, his future wife, who were reported missing in the
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allies which included New Zealand). Leading National Party MPs openly regarded Sutch to be a Communist. However the
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Christopher Thompson, 'Modernizing for trade: institutionalizing design promotion in New Zealand, 1958-1967',
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applauded the publication of the book, and said "Bennetts' unauthorised account has done the SIS a service".
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should go to Sutch and New Zealand. Soviet documents claim he was recruited as a spy in 1950.
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that year. They had one daughter, Helen, who was economic adviser to Prime Minister
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303:(27 June 1907 – 28 September 1975) was a New Zealand economist, historian, writer,
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found that SIS actions had been unlawful when they burgled and bugged his office.
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faith, which was to have a strong influence on him throughout his life.
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appointed Sutch to be permanent head of the department. Prime Minister
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591:. Sutch's daughter, Helen Sutch, said after the declassification of
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354:. His field of interest at University, particularly, was in the
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Spies and Revolutionaries: A History of New Zealand Subversion
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https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5p31/plischke-ernst-anton
28:
474:. He played a crucial role in a UN decision to continue with
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Brian Easton's analysis of Sutch's alleged spying activities
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In September 1974, Sutch was arrested and charged under the
1281:. Auckland: Massey University Press. ISBN 978-0-9951318-3-5
366:(he did much of his degrees part-time, while teaching) and
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At the end of the war, he took up a position with the new
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who lived and worked in New Zealand from 1939 to 1963.
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Sutch's entry in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
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Secretary of the Department of Industries and Commerce
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United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
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Secretary of the Department of Industries and Commerce
1027:"Sutch was a traitor, insists agent who exposed him"
410:. Sutch wrote numerous books. Among the first were:
931:"SIS file on Cold War spy scandal vindicates Sutch"
526:using the policy instruments of the day, including
426:(1942, 1966)., which to Sutch was a related topic.
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1385:People educated at Wellington College, Wellington
1120:"Fresh twist in 40-year-old Cold War spy mystery"
836:"Fresh twist in 40-year-old Cold War spy mystery"
262:Shirley Hilda Stanley Smith (married 1944–1975)
1328:Tim Bollinger's short history of Sutch's life
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889:"PRESSURE TO RETIRE DR. SUTCH DENIED. PRESS"
1221:"Book of the Week: Aro Valley confidential"
406:which was an attack on the party's leader,
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1150:"Sutch file appears to be the Smoking Gun"
677:and rose to a prominent position with the
422:(1879), known as the "single taxer"; and
259:Morva Milburn Williams (married 1934–1944)
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1182:"Helen-Sutch – Wellington Girls' College"
593:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
562:. He was an early and active promoter of
522:There he promoted the development of the
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1410:Victoria University of Wellington alumni
1089:"Editorial: Enduring study in treachery"
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723:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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1188:from the original on 13 September 2017
1059:"Spy catcher reveals his cover in Qld"
778:Tararua: The Story of a Mountain Range
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658:in 1992. According to Phil Kitchen of
604:Charges under the Official Secrets Act
540:The Responsible Society in New Zealand
795:from the original on 27 February 2020
424:The Quest for Security in New Zealand
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1323:SIS Target Assessment of W. B. Sutch
1039:from the original on 21 October 2012
1007:from the original on 14 October 2012
975:from the original on 25 October 2012
943:from the original on 26 January 2016
917:, vol 24, no 3 (2011), pp. 223-239.
434:In 1933, following some teaching in
414:(1941, 1969), which echoed the work
330:He went to Brooklyn primary school,
57:adding citations to reliable sources
1162:from the original on 29 August 2014
1099:from the original on 9 January 2015
748:Easton, Brian (15 September 2000).
729:from the original on 9 January 2015
412:Poverty and Progress in New Zealand
1390:20th-century New Zealand diplomats
842:from the original on 22 March 2015
717:Easton, Brian (26 February 2014).
436:Palmerston North Boys' High School
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1130:from the original on 6 March 2016
1069:from the original on 10 June 2008
344:Victoria University of Wellington
1118:Kitchen, Phil (11 August 2014).
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1312:Brian Easton's personal website
775:Chris MacLean (December 1994).
750:"Bill Sutch: 1907-1950 (-1975)"
568:Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council
560:Wellington Architectural Centre
336:Wellington College of Education
44:needs additional citations for
1241:. Auckland: Random House N.Z.
995:"SIS reopens Sutch spy debate"
629:Subsequent contemporary debate
468:Economic and Social Commission
452:N.Z. Association of Scientists
287:Economist, historian, writer,
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1237:Bennetts, C.H. (Kit) (2006).
719:"Story: Sutch, William Ball"
1400:New Zealand public servants
1279:Bill and Shirley – a memoir
1210:(accessed 29 December 2022)
340:Victoria University College
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1420:People acquitted of crimes
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1425:Espionage in New Zealand
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1277:Ovenden, Keith (2020).
963:"Was Bill Sutch a spy?"
652:University of Cambridge
448:First Labour Government
1415:Nelson College faculty
1395:New Zealand Methodists
1296:, New Zealand: Oxford.
1032:The New Zealand Herald
1000:Television New Zealand
936:The New Zealand Herald
754:Brian Easton’s Website
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1405:People from Southport
968:The Sunday Star-Times
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486:Return to New Zealand
480:Nobel Prize for Peace
418:, by the Californian
408:Michael Joseph Savage
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1065:. 12 November 2006.
650:In August 2014, the
572:Creative New Zealand
544:Takeover New Zealand
416:Progress and Poverty
346:) where he gained a
53:improve this article
1336:Government offices
1310:(also available on
781:. Whitcombe Press.
524:New Zealand economy
440:Minister of Finance
360:Columbia University
1263:. Auckland: Reed.
1158:. 12 August 2014.
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1093:New Zealand Herald
1035:. 2 October 2006.
895:. 19 November 1964
838:. 10 August 2014.
637:New Zealand Herald
564:New Zealand design
548:Women with a Cause
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319:Sutch was born in
301:William Ball Sutch
135:William Ball Sutch
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1155:The Dominion Post
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18:William Sutch
1358:Jim Moriarty
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1257:Hunt, Graeme
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1192:13 September
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241:(1975-09-28)
226:27 June 1907
202:Jim Moriarty
198:Succeeded by
174:Appointed by
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68:"Bill Sutch"
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51:Please help
46:verification
43:
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1380:1975 deaths
1375:1907 births
1290:Walter Nash
1073:12 November
675:David Lange
599:Controversy
552:festschrift
517:Walter Nash
444:Walter Nash
404:John A. Lee
334:, then the
276:Helen Sutch
186:Preceded by
179:Walter Nash
1369:Categories
1353:1958–1965
1134:10 January
947:10 January
799:13 January
696:References
679:World Bank
645:Guy Powles
315:Early life
284:Occupation
246:Wellington
222:1907-06-27
79:newspapers
1166:9 January
760:14 August
733:9 January
325:Methodist
321:Southport
231:, England
229:Southport
168:1958–1965
164:In office
1294:Auckland
1288:(1976).
1259:(2007).
1186:Archived
1160:Archived
1128:Archived
1103:3 August
1097:Archived
1067:Archived
1043:3 August
1037:Archived
1005:Archived
973:Archived
941:Archived
899:27 March
846:20 March
840:Archived
793:Archived
727:Archived
270:Children
1063:The Age
690:Ockhams
446:of the
342:(later
253:Spouses
93:scholar
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613:1983.
589:UNICEF
578:Legacy
550:. His
546:, and
476:UNICEF
472:UNICEF
394:Career
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505:ANZUS
352:B.Com
100:JSTOR
86:books
1265:ISBN
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1194:2017
1168:2016
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1105:2012
1075:2006
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848:2015
801:2012
783:ISBN
762:2022
735:2015
507:and
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236:Died
216:Born
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