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statesmanlike vision of close economic ties between
Britain and the United States. The concession of the vast trans-Appalachian areas was designed to facilitate the growth of the American population and create lucrative markets for British merchants, without any military or administrative costs to Britain. The point was the United States would become a major trading partner. As the French foreign minister
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1132:"the security of the British colonies in North America was the first cause of the war" asserting that security "has been wisely attended to in the negotiations for peace". Led by Fox, the government was able to push the peace treaty through parliament despite opposition led by Pitt. Shortly afterwards, Bute chose to resign as Prime Minister and retire from politics and was replaced by
1459:(6 December 1765 – 15 November 1809), sat from 1786 in his father's interest House of Commons for Chipping Wycombe. After witnessing revolutionary events in Paris, he began to establish an independent reputation as a critic of the war with France and of the suppression of democratic agitation at home. In Ireland, to which he repaired in 1797, he was suspected by the
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at his country estate in
Wiltshire, and they discreetly agreed on a number of points which formed a basis for peace. Shelburne's own envoys negotiated a separate peace with American commissioners which eventually led to an agreement on American independence and the borders of the newly created United
794:
On the younger son's death, the Petty estates passed to the aforementioned John
Fitzmaurice, who changed his branch of the family's surname to "Petty" in place of "Fitzmaurice", and was created Viscount Fitzmaurice later in 1751 and Earl of Shelburne in 1753 (after which his elder son John was styled
1000:
I owe to a journey I made with Mr Smith from
Edinburgh to London, the difference between light and darkness through the best part of my life. The novelty of his principles, added to my youth and prejudices, made me unable to comprehend them at the time, but he urged them with so much benevolence, as
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He lost his authority and influence after being driven out of office at the age of 45 in 1783. Shelburne lamented that his career had been a failure, despite the many high offices he held over 17 years, and his undoubted abilities as a debater. He blamed his poor education—although it was as good as
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In 1762 negotiations for a peace agreement went on in London and Paris. Eventually, a deal was agreed but it was heavily criticised for the perceived leniency of its terms as it handed back a number of captured territories to France and Spain. Defending it in the House of Lords, Shelburne observed
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for the cession of Canada and other territories. Historians have often commented that the treaty was very generous to the United States in terms of greatly enlarged boundaries. Historians such as Alvord, Harlow and
Ritcheson have emphasized that British generosity was based on Shelburne's
1001:
well as eloquence, that they took a certain hold, which, though it did not develop itself so as to arrive at full conviction for some few years after, I can fairly say, has constituted, ever since, the happiness of my life, as well as any little consideration I may have enjoyed in it.
813:
whom he describes as "narrow-minded" he received advantageous guidance in his studies, but he attributes his improvement in manners and in knowledge of the world chiefly to the fact that, as was his "fate through life", he fell in "with clever but unpopular connexions".
1128:, but commanded large support in the House of Commons and could boost Bute's power base. Shelburne was opposed to Pitt, who had resigned from the government in 1761. Under instructions from Shelburne, Barré made a vehement attack on Pitt in the House of Commons.
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1147:. By this stage, Shelburne had changed his opinion of Pitt and become an admirer of him. After failing to secure Pitt's inclusion in the Cabinet he resigned office after only a few months. Having moreover on account of his support of Pitt on the question of
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Ritcheson is dubious on whether the journey with Smith actually happened, but provides no evidence to the contrary. There is proof that
Shelburne did consult with Smith on at least one occasion, and Smith was close to Shelburne's father and his brother.
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on condition that the King would recognise the United States. Following the sudden and unexpected death of Lord
Rockingham on 1 July 1782, Shelburne succeeded him as Prime Minister. Shelburne's appointment by the King provoked
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which formally ended the
American Revolutionary War was signed during Portland's tenure, but the agreement of peace terms that formed the basis of the treaty was the major achievement of Shelburne's time in office.
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1175:. Although secret aid was given to the Corsicans it was decided not to intervene militarily and provoke a war with France, a decision made easier by the departure of the hard-line Shelburne from the cabinet.
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799:). His grandfather, Lord Kerry, died when he was four, but Fitzmaurice grew up with other people's grim memories of the old man as a "tyrant", whose family and servants lived in permanent fear of him.
984:. He met in Paris with leading French economists and intellectuals. By the 1770s Shelburne had become the most prominent British statesman to advocate free trade. Shelburne said his conversion from
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resigned a post in the royal household. Though he had no active military career after this, his early promotion as colonel meant that he would be further promoted through seniority to
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from the area formerly known as "Deerfield
Northeast" and in 1786 the district became a town. The town was named in honour of Lord Shelburne, who, in return sent a
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in its
Lansdowne and Halifax tracts collections, the former being named after Petty. The tracts were published in England between 1559 and 1776, and relate to the
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This brought protests from several members of the cabinet as it meant he was promoted ahead of much more senior officers. In response to the appointment, the
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which withdrew without making any serious attempt on the town. The following year he was sent to serve in Germany and distinguished himself at
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Morrison, James Ashley (July 2012). "Before Hegemony: Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization".
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that of most peers—and said the real problem was that "it has been my fate through life to fall in with clever but unpopular connections".
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Fitzmaurice spent his childhood "in the remotest parts of the south of Ireland," and, according to his own account, when he entered
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976:. He consulted with numerous English, Scottish, French and American economists and experts. He was on good terms with
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3066:"Chronological Tables of the Private and Personal Acts Acts of the Parliaments of Great Britain; Part 21 (1795–1797)"
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755:. Shelburne was made Prime Minister in 1782 following Rockingham's death, with the American War still being fought.
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Shelburne's government continued negotiations begun in early 1782 under Rockingham for peace in Paris, using
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in 1777, Shelburne joined other leaders of the Opposition to call for a total withdrawal of British troops.
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However, on 14 May 1761, before either Parliament met, he succeeded on his father's death as the second
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with a rising Dublin. He died, without issue, within four years of his father's death in 1809, aged 43.
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In April 1783 the Opposition forced Shelburne's resignation, and the new coalition government selected
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Shelburne served with distinction during the Seven Years' War participating in engagements such as the
17:
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3254:
Ritcheson, Charles R. "The Earl of Shelbourne and Peace with America, 1782–1783: Vision and Reality."
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Cannon, John. "Petty, William, second earl of Shelburne and first marquess of Lansdowne (1737–1805)",
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Charles R. Ritcheson, "The Earl of Shelbourne and Peace with America, 1782–1783: Vision and Reality."
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became Prime Minister in 1784, Shelburne, instead of receiving a place in the Cabinet, was created
1378:. He had also in contemplation a Bill to promote free trade between Britain and the United States.
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Childhood in the remotest parts of the south of Ireland probably refers to the family estates in
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The Bells of Victory: The Pitt-North Ministry and the Conduct of the Seven Years' War, 1757–1762
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30:"Lord Shelburne" and "The Earl of Shelburne" redirect here. For other holders of the title, see
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to attack the government of Lord North. After a British army was compelled to surrender at the
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705:. He succeeded in securing peace with America and this feat remains his most notable legacy.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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First to Lady Sophia Carteret (26 August 1745 – 5 January 1771), daughter of
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between 1761 and 1784, by which title he is generally known to history), was an Anglo-Irish
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3094:, Sahara Highlights: Clubs, Jacqueline Spafford and Mark Hinchman, SAHARA Co-Editors, 2022
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of 1797 relieved him "from disabilities in consequence of his having sat and voted in the
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2786:"Petty, William, second earl of Shelburne and first marquess of Lansdowne (1737–1805)"
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Shelburne's new military role close to the King brought him into communication with
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2794:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept. 2013; accessed 23 February 2014.
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Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Kerry constituencies
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until April 1764. He was succeeded in Wycombe by one of his supporters Colonel
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Shelburne, who was a descendant of the father of quantitative economics,
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On 2 June 1760, while still abroad, Fitzmaurice had been returned to the
2735:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
1374:
Shelburn's fall was perhaps hastened by his plans for the reform of the
806:, in 1755, he had "both everything to learn and everything to unlearn".
743:, a position which he held for two years. He departed office during the
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1332:
1044: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
988:
to free trade ultimately derived from long conversations in 1761 with
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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
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William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne papers
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Quote from Thomas Paterson, J. Garry Clifford and Shane J. Maddock,
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PETTY, William, Visct. Fitzmaurice (1737–1805), of Bowood, Wiltshire
1286:
as the chief negotiator. Shelburne entertained a French peace envoy
1194:
Shelburne went into Opposition where he continued to associate with
3225:
The Perils of Peace: America's Struggle for Survival After Yorktown
3239:
Sir Charles Grey, First Earl Grey: Royal Soldier, Family Patriarch
1311:
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1355:, previously bitter rivals, which soon dominated the Opposition.
1433:, among others, and is now the second oldest club in the world.
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2967:
On The Wealth of Nations. Contemporary Responses to Adam Smith
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in 1775. As the war progressed, Shelburne cooperated with the
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856:, whose career he later assisted. In 1757 he took part in the
38:
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area in South Kerry and the Fitzmaurice estates were in the
1347:
Fox's resignation in 1782 led to the unexpected creation of
1178:
In June 1768 the General Court incorporated the district of
665:
Coat of arms of William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne, KG
1304:
later put it, "The English buy peace rather than make it".
2884:"Biographies of Members of the Irish Parliament 1692–1800"
712:
and spent his formative years in Ireland. After attending
3190:, (Oxford University Press, 2004); online edn, Sept 2013
1490:(1780–1863), who succeeded his half-brother in the title.
783:. Lord Kerry had married Anne Petty, the daughter of Sir
1532:
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1479:(1755 – 7 August 1789), daughter of the
1260:, son of Shelburne's former political ally, who became
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Macmillan & Co. (2nd ed., 1912 , reprinted 2006).
1448:, through whom he obtained the Lansdowne estates near
1341:
Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air
952:
who had a distinguished war record after serving with
2727:
Lansdowne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of
747:
and joined the Opposition. Following the fall of the
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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States. Shelburne agreed to generous borders in the
670:
William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne
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3709:
3271:Simpson, W. O. "Lord Shelburne and North America."
3106:"Petty, John Henry | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
840:Shortly after leaving the university, he served in
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69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1488:Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
685:(2 May 1737 – 7 May 1805; known as
2586:. The Pettys owned the Lansdowne Estates in the
2048:Ancestors of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
1198:. They were both critical of the policies of the
1124:. Fox held the lucrative but unimportant post of
27:Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1782 to 1783
5797:Secretaries of state for the Southern Department
3134:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 47–48.
1159:After Pitt's return to power in 1766, he became
1366:until its fall in December that same year. The
1202:in the years leading up to the outbreak of the
998:
5702:British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War
3023:American foreign relations: A history, to 1920
357:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
5742:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
4899:
4340:
3682:
1239:In March 1782, following the downfall of the
8:
5787:British officials in the American Revolution
5712:Secretaries of State for the Home Department
1264:. That year, Shelburne was appointed to the
852:. He became friends with his fellow officer
5782:Irish emigrants to Kingdom of Great Britain
3583:4 July 1782 – 26 March 1783
3301:More about William Petty, Earl of Shelburne
3218:3220064 (complete list of all editions)
1457:John Henry Petty, 2nd Marquess of Lansdowne
716:, he served in the British Army during the
5802:Whig prime ministers of the United Kingdom
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3158:UCL Special Collections (23 August 2018).
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1773:Secretary of State for the Home Department
1538:
818:Military career and election to Parliament
779:, who was the second surviving son of the
767:The future Marquess of Lansdowne was born
701:in 1782–83 during the final months of the
167:
140:
2656:Learn how and when to remove this message
1104:Learn how and when to remove this message
751:, Shelburne joined its replacement under
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
2969:(Bristol: Theommes Press, 1998), p. 147.
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2619:This article includes a list of general
1493:Lady Louisa Fitzmaurice (born bef. 1789)
1331:
1243:, Shelburne agreed to take office under
3188:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3041:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3036:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter L"
2791:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2668:
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1336:Dedication to Shelburne in volume I of
513:
369:30 July 1766 – 20 October 1768
18:William Petty, second earl of Shelburne
4363:Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom
3241:. Associated University Presses, 1996.
2858:
2856:
2780:
2778:
2401:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2170:
2062:
2058:
1818:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
1053:"William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne"
517:
78:"William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne"
3698:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom
3266:Lord Bute: Essays in Reinterpritation
3153:
3151:
2546:. Many of the tracts were written by
2474:
2464:
2460:
2448:
2445:
2435:
2419:
2409:
2405:
2389:
2386:
2376:
2363:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2334:
2324:
2310:William FitzMaurice, 20th Baron Kerry
2307:
2297:
2293:
2269:
2259:
2243:
2233:
2229:
2217:
2214:
2204:
2188:
2178:
2174:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2129:
2119:
2115:
2103:
2100:Thomas FitzMaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry
2097:
2087:
2073:William FitzMaurice, 20th Baron Kerry
2070:
2066:
1396:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1322:Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford
913:. He was re-elected unopposed at the
824:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
720:. As a reward for his conduct at the
548:
302:27 March 1782 – 10 July 1782
7:
5647:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
2335:6. Lt. Col. Hon. William FitzMaurice
2272:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
1955:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1417:, which would later have as members
1408:the necessary oaths and declarations
1232:A portrait of Lord Shelburne by Sir
1042:adding citations to reliable sources
871:. For his services he was appointed
739:In 1766, Shelburne was appointed as
544:
200:4 July 1782 – 26 March 1783
67:adding citations to reliable sources
3268:. Leicester University Press, 1998.
3234:. Cambridge University Press, 1985.
3092:Society of Architectural Historians
252:4 July 1782 – 2 April 1783
3208:Life of William, Earl of Shelburne
2625:it lacks sufficient corresponding
2536:union between England and Scotland
1483:. They had at least two children:
1441:Lord Lansdowne was twice married:
1288:Joseph Matthias GĂ©rard de Rayneval
968:, displayed a serious interest in
25:
2155:John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne
1446:John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville
1196:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
577:John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne
5772:Presidents of the Board of Trade
5762:Prime ministers of Great Britain
5619:
4915:Presidents of the Board of Trade
4872:
4356:
4308:
4307:
3659:William Petty navigational boxes
3285:
3227:. First Smithsonian books, 2008.
3202:
2871:: the House of Commons 1754–1790
2709:
2610:
1186:, which never reached the town.
1018:
602:
43:
5697:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
5667:19th-century Anglo-Irish people
5662:18th-century Anglo-Irish people
3579:Prime Minister of Great Britain
1452:. They had at least one child:
1029:needs additional citations for
992:. In 1795 he described this to
540:
509:
188:Prime Minister of Great Britain
54:needs additional citations for
5747:Politicians from County Dublin
5692:Politicians from Dublin (city)
5677:19th-century Irish politicians
5672:18th-century Irish politicians
3303:on the Downing Street website.
3160:"Lansdowne and Halifax Tracts"
2886:. Ulster Historical Foundation
2849:. 22 February 1783. p. 1.
2677:"Past British Prime Ministers"
1997:Master-General of the Ordnance
1469:United Irish rebellion of 1798
1252:and his supporters, including
917:, and was also elected to the
1:
5792:Leaders of the House of Lords
5727:Lancashire Fusiliers officers
2422:Sir John Brookes, 1st Baronet
1647:Lord President of the Council
972:, and was a proselytizer for
724:, Shelburne was appointed an
3552:Leader of the House of Lords
3321:Lansdowne and Halifax Tracts
3256:International History Review
3007:International History Review
1461:Dublin Castle administration
1413:Around 1762, he founded the
1204:American War of Independence
703:American War of Independence
693:statesman who was the first
240:Leader of the House of Lords
5687:19th-century art collectors
5682:18th-century art collectors
3516:for the Southern Department
3334:Parliament of Great Britain
3311:William L. Clements Library
3104:Geoghegan, Patrick (2009).
2813:. 26 March 1765. p. 1.
1876:First Lord of the Admiralty
1845:/ 9 December 1780
1731:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1499:The Hon. Thomas Fitzmaurice
1467:'s conspiracy to renew the
1262:Chancellor of the Exchequer
789:Surveyor General of Ireland
708:Lord Shelburne was born in
497:
5818:
3572:The Marquess of Rockingham
3484:Secretary of State for the
3194:doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22070
3130:Geohegan, Patrick (2002).
2925:International Organization
2395:
2287:
2164:
2060:
1562:First Lord of the Treasury
1516:
1497:Lord Lansdowne's brother,
1295:, but rejected demands by
1275:
1221:
1169:French invasion of Corsica
821:
315:The Marquess of Rockingham
274:The Marquess of Rockingham
221:The Marquess of Rockingham
29:
5617:
4921:
4870:
4369:
4302:
3664:
3642:
3633:
3625:
3618:
3608:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3576:
3568:
3558:
3549:
3541:
3531:
3522:
3502:
3492:
3481:
3473:
3463:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3427:
3412:Member of Parliament for
3410:
3398:
3391:
3377:
3353:Member of Parliament for
3351:
3339:
3332:
3325:University College London
3292:William Petty-Fitzmaurice
3275:(Jan 1960) 19#1 pp 52–62.
3264:Schweizer, Karl W. (ed.)
2978:Ritcheson (1983) p 326-28
2937:10.1017/S0020818312000148
2904:Ritcheson (1983) p 328-33
2869:The History of Parliament
2831:. 26 May 1772. p. 2.
2528:University College London
2462:
2454:
2429:
2407:
2403:
2370:
2351:
2343:
2318:
2295:
2291:
2253:
2231:
2223:
2198:
2176:
2172:
2136:
2117:
2109:
2081:
2064:
1995:
1953:
1874:
1813:
1771:
1729:
1687:
1645:
1603:
1560:
1555:
1513:Cabinet of Lord Shelburne
655:
420:
362:
295:
245:
193:
182:
166:
150:The Marquess of Lansdowne
5752:Petty-Fitzmaurice family
3783:Chatham (Pitt the Elder)
3589:Peerage of Great Britain
3506:The Earl of Hillsborough
3467:The Earl of Hillsborough
3258:(1983) 5#3 pp: 322–345.
3009:(1983) 5#3 pp: 322–345.
1976:29 August 1783
1737:William Pitt the Younger
1481:1st Earl of Upper Ossory
1180:Shelburne, Massachusetts
942:Peerage of Great Britain
915:general election of 1761
907:British House of Commons
722:Battle of Kloster Kampen
333:The Earl of Hillsborough
5767:Marquesses of Lansdowne
4027:Disraeli (Beaconsfield)
3164:UCL Special Collections
2732:Encyclopædia Britannica
2640:more precise citations.
2364:13. Constance Long (=9)
2130:9. Constance Long (=13)
1966:17 April 1782
1752:31 March 1783
1658:27 March 1782
1584:26 March 1783
1477:Lady Louisa FitzPatrick
1126:Paymaster of the Forces
470:All Saints Churchyard,
337:Southern Secretary
3359:1760 –
3315:University of Michigan
1855:2 April 1783
1837:13 July 1782
1794:2 April 1783
1784:10 July 1782
1742:10 July 1782
1668:2 April 1783
1626:7 April 1783
1344:
1329:
1236:
1010:Early political career
1003:
919:Irish House of Commons
844:regiment commanded by
837:
666:
5722:Knights of the Garter
5707:British MPs 1754–1761
3602:Marquess of Lansdowne
3545:The Viscount Stormont
3496:The Viscount Weymouth
3393:Parliament of Ireland
3343:The Earl of Shelburne
2913:Bowood House web page
1616:3 June 1778
1574:4 July 1782
1568:The Earl of Shelburne
1392:Marquess of Lansdowne
1335:
1315:
1278:Peace of Paris (1783)
1276:Further information:
1268:as its 599th Knight.
1231:
1222:Further information:
1139:Shelburne joined the
831:
822:Further information:
804:Christ Church, Oxford
687:the Earl of Shelburne
664:
593:Christ Church, Oxford
415:The Viscount Weymouth
5777:Irish art collectors
3562:The Duke of Portland
3477:The Duke of Richmond
3246:Shelburne and Reform
3237:Nelson, Paul David.
3230:Middleton, Charles.
3192:accessed 16 Nov 2014
3059:1797 (37 Geo. 3) c.
2679:. British Government
2594:area in North Kerry.
2003:The Duke of Richmond
1507:Member of Parliament
1463:of being a party to
1406:without having made
1360:The Duke of Portland
1143:ministry in 1763 as
1038:improve this article
946:Irish House of Lords
797:Viscount Fitzmaurice
547:; died
516:; died
403:The Duke of Richmond
284:The Duke of Portland
233:The Duke of Portland
175:Jean-Laurent Mosnier
63:improve this article
5717:Irish MPs 1761–1768
5201:Parkinson-Fortescue
3486:Southern Department
3457:First Lord of Trade
3435:John Blennerhassett
3431:John Blennerhassett
3423:John Blennerhassett
3402:John Blennerhassett
3248:. Macmillan, 1963.
3198:Fitzmaurice, Edmond
3025:(2009) vol 1, p. 20
2965:Ian S. Ross (ed.),
2772:Fitzmaurice, pg. 97
2754:Fitzmaurice, pg. 96
2387:3. Mary FitzMaurice
1882:The Viscount Keppel
1823:First Lord of Trade
1695:The Duke of Grafton
1540:
1266:Order of the Garter
1145:First Lord of Trade
879:, with the rank of
775:, the first son of
769:William Fitzmaurice
388:The Duke of Grafton
383:The Earl of Chatham
146:The Most Honourable
4090:Campbell-Bannerman
3620:Peerage of Ireland
3514:Secretary of State
3442:Political offices
3290:Works by or about
3071:Legislation.gov.uk
2862:Sir Lewis Namier,
2847:The London Gazette
2829:The London Gazette
2810:The London Gazette
2763:Middleton, pg. 175
2564:Lansdowne portrait
2554:under pseudonyms.
2446:7. Deborah Brookes
1961:The Lord Ashburton
1571:(head of ministry)
1539:
1523:Shelburne ministry
1423:Duke of Wellington
1345:
1330:
1272:Peace negotiations
1237:
1224:Shelburne ministry
1212:Battle of Saratoga
1161:Southern Secretary
1155:Southern Secretary
934:Peerage of Ireland
896:lieutenant-general
838:
741:Southern Secretary
667:
529:Louisa FitzPatrick
5634:
5633:
5628:
5627:
4881:
4880:
4529:Sotheron-Estcourt
4322:
4321:
3652:
3651:
3643:Succeeded by
3636:Earl of Shelburne
3609:Succeeded by
3559:Succeeded by
3532:Succeeded by
3520:
3493:Succeeded by
3464:Succeeded by
3450:Charles Townshend
3428:Succeeded by
3418:1761–1762
3378:Succeeded by
3223:Fleming, Thomas.
2996:Fleming p.179-180
2666:
2665:
2658:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2037:
2036:
1919:The Viscount Howe
1832:The Lord Grantham
1553:Left office
1550:Took office
1427:Winston Churchill
1338:Joseph Priestly's
1318:Charles James Fox
1297:Benjamin Franklin
1250:Charles James Fox
1173:Corsican Republic
1167:, sparked by the
1114:
1113:
1106:
1088:
978:Benjamin Franklin
930:Earl of Shelburne
875:to the new King,
861:Raid on Rochefort
781:1st Earl of Kerry
714:Oxford University
697:in 1782 and then
659:
658:
472:High Wycombe
139:
138:
131:
113:
32:Earl of Shelburne
16:(Redirected from
5809:
5623:
5096:Vesey-Fitzgerald
4908:
4901:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4361:
4360:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4326:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3859:Pitt the Younger
3854:
3847:
3845:Pitt the Younger
3827:
3825:Pitt the Younger
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3720:Walpole (Orford)
3691:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3655:
3626:Preceded by
3569:Preceded by
3542:Preceded by
3535:Thomas Townshend
3509:
3503:Preceded by
3474:Preceded by
3447:Preceded by
3406:Lancelot Crosbie
3399:Preceded by
3340:Preceded by
3330:
3289:
3206:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3019:
3013:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2880:
2874:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2801:
2795:
2782:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2673:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2636:this article by
2627:inline citations
2614:
2613:
2606:
2595:
2580:
2530:holds over 4000
2246:Elizabeth Waller
2054:
2045:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2013:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1779:Thomas Townshend
1759:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1611:The Lord Thurlow
1591:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1541:
1536:
1517:This section is
1293:Illinois Country
1208:Rockingham Whigs
1200:North government
1134:George Grenville
1109:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1046:
1022:
1014:
909:as a member for
888:Duke of Richmond
850:Seven Years' War
834:Battle of Minden
777:John Fitzmaurice
749:North government
718:Seven Years' War
684:
679:
650:Seven Years' War
611:Military service
606:
552:
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546:
542:
521:
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425:Personal details
411:
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350:Thomas Townshend
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5807:
5806:
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5630:
5629:
5624:
5615:
5326:Cunliffe-Lister
5316:Cunliffe-Lister
4917:
4912:
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4877:
4868:
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4025:
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4004:
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3990:
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3948:
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3920:
3913:
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3885:
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3802:
3795:
3788:
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3718:
3705:
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3648:
3639:
3631:
3614:
3605:
3582:
3574:
3564:
3555:
3547:
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3515:
3508:
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3419:
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2783:
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2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2725:, ed. (1911). "
2721:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2692:
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2674:
2670:
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2645:
2642:
2632:Please help to
2631:
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2581:
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2572:
2560:
2525:
2520:
2475:15. Mary Waller
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1713:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1689:Lord Privy Seal
1671:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1653:The Lord Camden
1629:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1605:Lord Chancellor
1587:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1501:(1742–1793) of
1439:
1384:
1368:Treaty of Paris
1351:led by Fox and
1310:
1280:
1274:
1245:Lord Rockingham
1234:Joshua Reynolds
1226:
1220:
1192:
1165:Corsican Crisis
1157:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1047:
1045:
1035:
1023:
1012:
970:economic reform
962:
936:and the second
826:
820:
765:
753:Lord Rockingham
745:Corsican Crisis
677:
673:
582:
557:
554:
538:
534:
531:
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503:
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498:Sophia Carteret
479:Political party
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48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5815:
5813:
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5799:
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4454:Sturges Bourne
4451:
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3866:Lord Grenville
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3836:United Kingdom
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3280:External links
3278:
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3244:Norris, John.
3242:
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3014:
2998:
2989:
2987:Schweizer p.17
2980:
2971:
2958:
2931:(3): 395–428.
2915:
2906:
2897:
2875:
2852:
2834:
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2796:
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2756:
2747:
2738:
2723:Chisholm, Hugh
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2552:Jonathan Swift
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2016:
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1404:House of Lords
1383:
1380:
1376:public service
1364:Prime Minister
1309:
1306:
1284:Richard Oswald
1273:
1270:
1241:North ministry
1219:
1218:Prime Minister
1216:
1191:
1188:
1156:
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1112:
1111:
1026:
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1017:
1011:
1008:
994:Dugald Stewart
961:
958:
869:Kloster-Kampen
819:
816:
764:
761:
734:House of Lords
699:prime minister
695:home secretary
657:
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626:Branch/service
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457:(aged 68)
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375:Prime Minister
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119:September 2022
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4677:
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4657:
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4654:Joynson-Hicks
4652:
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4630:
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4607:
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4604:Akers-Douglas
4602:
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3273:History Today
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1504:
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1475:Secondly, to
1470:
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1415:Boodle's Club
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1055: –
1054:
1050:
1049:Find sources:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1027:This section
1025:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1009:
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1002:
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975:
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966:William Petty
959:
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938:Baron Wycombe
935:
931:
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897:
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892:major-general
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786:
785:William Petty
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467:Resting place
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90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5386:Thorneycroft
5271:Lloyd George
5026:Hillsborough
5016:Hillsborough
5006:Hillsborough
5000:
4709:Lloyd George
4704:Maxwell-Fyfe
4373:
4195:Douglas-Home
4104:Lloyd George
3810:
3769:G. Grenville
3634:
3600:
3596:New creation
3595:
3577:
3550:
3523:
3511:
3510:
3482:
3455:
3421:
3414:County Kerry
3411:
3365:
3352:
3272:
3265:
3255:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3201:
3187:
3167:. Retrieved
3163:
3132:Robert Emmet
3131:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3099:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3069:
3060:
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3030:
3022:
3017:
3006:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2878:
2867:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2808:
2799:
2789:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2730:
2681:. Retrieved
2671:
2652:
2643:
2624:
2584:County Kerry
2578:
2548:Daniel Defoe
2526:
2271:
1567:
1496:
1474:
1465:Robert Emmet
1443:
1440:
1412:
1400:personal act
1391:
1385:
1373:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1281:
1258:William Pitt
1254:Edmund Burke
1238:
1193:
1177:
1158:
1138:
1130:
1115:
1100:
1091:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1048:
1036:Please help
1031:verification
1028:
1004:
999:
986:mercantilism
963:
937:
929:
927:
923:County Kerry
904:
898:in 1772 and
885:
873:aide-de-camp
854:Charles Grey
839:
808:
801:
796:
793:
768:
766:
757:
738:
726:aide-de-camp
707:
686:
669:
668:
646:Battles/wars
630:British Army
455:(1805-05-07)
410:Succeeded by
364:
345:Succeeded by
317:
297:
280:Succeeded by
262:
247:
228:Succeeded by
195:
173:Portrait by
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
5657:1805 deaths
5652:1737 births
5241:Hicks Beach
5216:Chamberlain
5176:Donoughmore
4931:Bridgewater
4926:Shaftesbury
4153:Chamberlain
3385:Isaac Barré
3169:18 December
3115:26 November
2843:"No. 12416"
2825:"No. 11251"
2805:"No. 10507"
2745:Nelson p.20
2638:introducing
2544:Restoration
2523:Collections
1990:Independent
1948:Independent
1640:Independent
1519:transcluded
1431:Ian Fleming
1398:in 1803. A
1349:a coalition
1316:Shelburne,
1184:church bell
1149:John Wilkes
956:in Canada.
954:James Wolfe
950:Isaac Barré
848:during the
846:James Wolfe
460:Westminster
398:Preceded by
328:Preceded by
270:Preceded by
216:Preceded by
5641:Categories
5151:Labouchere
5126:Labouchere
4976:FitzWalter
4971:Holderness
4951:Winchilsea
4774:Waddington
4699:Chuter Ede
4514:Palmerston
4479:Wellington
4424:Hawkesbury
3992:Palmerston
3978:Palmerston
3929:Wellington
3908:Wellington
3804:Rockingham
3776:Rockingham
3748:Devonshire
3727:Wilmington
3646:John Petty
3640:1761–1805
3629:John Petty
3612:John Petty
3606:1784–1805
3556:1782–1783
3490:1766–1768
3296:Wikisource
3181:Literature
3141:0717133877
3110:www.dib.ie
2683:14 October
2621:references
2602:References
1980:1783-08-29
1970:1782-04-17
1859:1783-04-02
1849:1780-12-09
1841:1782-07-13
1798:1783-04-02
1788:1782-07-10
1756:1783-03-31
1746:1782-07-10
1672:1783-04-02
1662:1782-03-27
1630:1783-04-07
1620:1778-06-03
1588:1783-03-26
1578:1782-07-04
1419:Adam Smith
1382:Later life
1353:Lord North
1190:Opposition
1064:newspapers
990:Adam Smith
982:David Hume
974:free trade
877:George III
858:amphibious
763:Early life
730:George III
616:Allegiance
588:Alma mater
453:7 May 1805
440:2 May 1737
436:1737-05-02
209:George III
89:newspapers
5601:Trevelyan
5571:Mandelson
5541:Mandelson
5526:Heseltine
5491:Parkinson
5486:Cockfield
5381:Shawcross
5366:Lyttelton
5356:Llewellin
5346:Lyttelton
5276:Churchill
5266:Salisbury
5186:Northcote
5146:Clarendon
5141:Dalhousie
5136:Gladstone
5086:Huskisson
5076:Clancarty
5056:Liverpool
5036:Sackville
5031:Dartmouth
5011:Dartmouth
5001:Shelburne
4996:Townshend
4854:Braverman
4844:Braverman
4804:C. Clarke
4784:K. Clarke
4734:Callaghan
4694:Somervell
4649:Henderson
4644:Bridgeman
4614:Churchill
4609:Gladstone
4474:Duncannon
4469:Melbourne
4459:Lansdowne
4434:Liverpool
4399:Grenville
4379:Townshend
4374:Shelburne
4223:Callaghan
4188:Macmillan
4174:Churchill
4160:Churchill
4139:MacDonald
4125:MacDonald
4076:Salisbury
4062:Gladstone
4055:Salisbury
4048:Gladstone
4041:Salisbury
4034:Gladstone
4020:Gladstone
3943:Melbourne
3922:Melbourne
3887:Liverpool
3852:Addington
3811:Shelburne
3755:Newcastle
3741:Newcastle
3369:1760–1761
2953:220703987
2945:1531-5088
2646:July 2020
2540:Civil War
1544:Portfolio
1302:Vergennes
1141:Grenville
1122:Henry Fox
1118:Lord Bute
1094:July 2023
960:Economics
902:in 1783.
894:in 1765,
842:20th Foot
599:Signature
474:, England
462:, England
445:, Ireland
365:In office
298:In office
248:In office
196:In office
5611:Reynolds
5606:Badenoch
5416:Crosland
5396:Maulding
5331:Runciman
5291:Runciman
5246:Mundella
5231:Mundella
5226:Stanhope
5221:Richmond
5206:Adderley
5191:Richmond
5161:Cardwell
5106:Auckland
5081:Robinson
5071:Bathurst
5066:Auckland
5061:Montrose
5046:Grantham
5041:Carlisle
4961:Berkeley
4956:Guilford
4946:Stamford
4941:Weymouth
4936:Stamford
4859:Cleverly
4799:Blunkett
4759:Whitelaw
4739:Maudling
4689:Morrison
4684:Anderson
4584:Matthews
4579:Childers
4569:Harcourt
4494:Normanby
4484:Goulburn
4444:Sidmouth
4409:Portland
4313:Category
4230:Thatcher
4069:Rosebery
4013:Disraeli
3971:Aberdeen
3901:Goderich
3880:Perceval
3873:Portland
3818:Portland
2558:See also
2542:and the
2189:10. Sir
2040:Ancestry
1547:Minister
1503:Cliveden
1308:Downfall
836:in 1759.
579:(father)
562:Children
5561:Darling
5556:Johnson
5536:Beckett
5506:Channon
5501:Brittan
5336:Stanley
5311:Baldwin
5296:Stanley
5261:Balfour
5256:Ritchie
5236:Stanley
5166:Stanley
5121:Thomson
5111:Thomson
5101:Herries
4986:Halifax
4966:Suffolk
4819:Johnson
4764:Brittan
4749:Jenkins
4729:Jenkins
4724:Soskice
4669:Gilmour
4619:McKenna
4599:Ritchie
4589:Asquith
4544:Walpole
4524:Walpole
4509:Walpole
4489:Russell
4429:Spencer
4293:Starmer
4272:Johnson
4258:Cameron
4146:Baldwin
4132:Baldwin
4118:Baldwin
4097:Asquith
4083:Balfour
3999:Russell
3957:Russell
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3355:Wycombe
3077:21 July
3045:28 July
2890:23 June
2873:(1964).
2720::
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900:general
881:colonel
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489:Spouses
318:Himself
263:Himself
205:Monarch
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5551:Hewitt
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5496:Tebbit
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5436:Walker
5431:Davies
5401:Erroll
5391:Eccles
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3039:(PDF)
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2570:Notes
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1521:from
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1071:books
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4504:Grey
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3762:Bute
3702:list
3361:1761
3214:OCLC
3171:2023
3136:ISBN
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3079:2020
3047:2014
2941:ISSN
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2685:2012
2550:and
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2244:11.
2032:Whig
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2018:1783
2012:1782
2008:1782
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1934:1788
1928:1783
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1911:Whig
1901:1783
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1891:1782
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