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830:
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1283:(October 1813), the French troops retreated to France from all over Europe. The Netherlands had been annexed to the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. But now city after city was evacuated by the French occupation troops. In the ensuing power vacuum a number of former Orangist politicians and former Patriots formed a provisional government in November 1813. Although a large number of the members of the provisional government had helped drive out William V 18 years earlier, it was taken for granted that his son would have to head any new government. They also agreed it would be better in the long term for the Dutch to restore him themselves, rather than have the Great Powers impose him on the country. The Dutch population were pleased with the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy, and this time welcomed the prince.
1509:
1904:
1861:
1776:
1933:
1942:
1841:
557:
1358:
4105:
3330:
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1882:
899:
142:
1801:
1712:
3803:
1756:
1569:) persisted for years, but the Dutch never regained control over Belgium. William nevertheless continued the war for eight years. His economic successes became overshadowed by a perceived mismanagement of the war effort. High costs of the war came to burden the Dutch economy, fueling public resentment. In 1839, William was forced to end the war. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was dissolved by the
1586:
36:
695:, and after the Batavian Revolution in 1795, his family went into exile. He briefly ruled the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda before Napoleon's conquests forced him out of power. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1813, William returned to the Netherlands, where he was invited to assume the role of Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands.
1255:
1240:
played a central role in the restoration of the
Netherlands. Prince William VI (as he was now known), who had been living in exile in Prussia, met with Alexander I in March 1813. Alexander promised to support William and help restore an independent Netherlands with William as king. Russian troops in
698:
In 1815, William proclaimed himself king of the
Netherlands and concurrently became the grand duke of Luxembourg. His reign saw the adoption of a new constitution, which granted him extensive powers, and he was a strong proponent of economic development, founding several universities and promoting
1126:
the Orange exiles were at their nadir. The Dutch
Brigade was dissolved on 12 July 1802. Many members of the brigade went home to the Batavian Republic, thanks to an amnesty. The surrendered ships of the Batavian Navy were not returned, due to an agreement between the stadtholder and the British
1197:
In the same year, 1806, his father, the Prince of Orange died, and
William not only inherited the title, but also his father's claims on the inheritance embodied in the Nassau lands. This would become important a few years later, when developments in Germany coincided to make William the
1494:; this angered French-speaking aristocrats and industrial workers. Schools throughout the kingdom were required to instruct students in the Reformed faith and the Dutch language. Many in the south feared that the king sought to extinguish Catholicism and the French language.
1409:. The 110 seats were divided equally between the north and the south, although the population of the north (2 million) was significantly less than that of the south (3.5 million). The States General's primary function was to approve the king's laws and decrees. The
1601:. Although the policies remained uncontrolled by parliament, the prerogative was controllable now. The very conservative William could not live with these constitutional changes. This, the disappointment about the loss of Belgium, and his intention to marry
1416:
The constitution was accepted in the north, but not in the south. The under-representation of the south was one of the causes of the
Belgian Revolution. Referendum turnout was low, in the southern provinces, but William interpreted all abstentions to be
1348:
into a single kingdom, it was believed that this would help keep France in check. With the de facto addition of the
Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg to his realm, William had fulfilled his family's three-century dream of uniting the Low Countries.
785:
in which he ceded the Orange-Nassau to
Prussia in exchange for becoming the new grand duke of Luxembourg. As king, he adopted a new constitution, presided over strong economic and industrial progress, promoted trade and founded the universities of
1530:, was staged in Brussels. Performances of this opera seemed to crystallize a sense of nationalism and "Hollandophobia" in Brussels, and spread to the rest of the south. Rioting ensued, chiefly aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister,
1468:) created great wealth for the kingdom. However, the money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians managed to profit from the economic growth. Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising.
1158:
2908:
Caraway, David Todd. "Retreat from
Liberalism: William I, Freedom of the Press, Political Asylum, and the Foreign Relations of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1814–1818" PhD dissertation, U. of Delaware, 2003, 341 pp. Abstract:
1381:. After Napoleon had been sent into exile, William adopted a new constitution which included many features of the old constitution, such as extensive royal powers. He was formally confirmed as hereditary ruler of what was known as the
1103:
with these troops, a military unit in
British service, that swore oaths of allegiance to the British king, but also to the States General, defunct since 1795, "whenever those would be reconstituted." This brigade trained on the
1440:, which would become one of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence. Industry flourished, especially in the South. In 1817, he also founded three universities in the southern provinces, such as a new
1534:, who lived in Brussels. An infuriated William responded by sending troops to repress the riots. However, the riots had spread to other southern cities. The riots quickly became popular uprisings. An independent state of
1490:. This led to resentment among the people in the mostly Catholic south. William had also devised controversial language and school policies. Dutch was imposed as the official language in (the Dutch-speaking region of)
1023:
and proved to be an able commander, but the French armies ultimately proved too strong, and the general allied leadership too inept. Despite a well-executed attack by
William on the French left, the allied army under
1134:
in 1802. He apparently charmed the First Consul, and was charmed by him. Napoleon raised hopes for William that he might have an important role in a reformed Batavian Republic. Meanwhile, William's brother-in-law
6959:
1596:
Constitutional changes were initiated in 1840 because the terms which involved the United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed. These constitutional changes also included the introduction of judicial
1241:
the Netherlands participated with their Prussian allies in restoring the dynasty. Dynastic considerations of marriage between the royal houses of Great Britain and the Netherlands, assured British approval.
1267:
829:
6914:
6909:
6879:
1052:
on 18 January 1795 the stadtholder decided to flee to Britain, and his sons accompanied him. (On this last day in Holland his father relieved William honorably of his commands). The next day the
1471:
William was also determined to create a unified people, even though the north and the south had drifted far apart culturally and economically since the south was reconquered by Spain after the
1099:. The mutineers of the Batavian fleet, with their ships, and a large number of deserters from the Batavian army accompanied the retreating British troops to Britain. There William formed the
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893:
735:
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580:
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soon. Napoleon punished him for his betrayal, however, by taking away his principality. As a parolee, William was not allowed to take part in the hostilities anymore. After the
6436:
4518:
1865:
6859:
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The States General were the sovereign power in the defunct Dutch Republic; the troops of the States Army had also sworn loyalty to the States General and not the stadtholder.
1577:. It was not renamed, however, as the "United"-prefix had never been part of its official name, but rather was retrospectively added by historians for descriptive purposes.
1301:
beach, only a few yards from the place where he had left the country with his father 18 years before, and on 6 December the provisional government offered him the title of
1095:
was even executed. The hoped-for popular uprising failed to materialise. After several minor battles the hereditary prince was forced to leave the country again after the
1178:
and Prussia in 1806, William supported his Prussian relatives, though he was nominally a French vassal. He received command of a Prussian division which took part in the
4135:
6075:
3426:
3390:
1306:
1250:
775:
6399:
6372:
2419:
1630:
861:
423:
706:
William's later years were marked by dissatisfaction with constitutional changes and personal reasons, leading to his abdication in 1840 in favor of his son, King
6954:
6894:
6889:
6788:
1091:, which accepted the surrender in the name of the stadtholder. Not all the local Dutch population, however, was pleased with the arrival of the prince. One local
1441:
787:
53:
6070:
1337:
1064:
Soon after the departure to Britain the hereditary prince went back to the continent, where his brother was assembling former members of the States Army in
6904:
4387:
2938:
2145:
1116:
1661:
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trade. However, his efforts to impose the Reformed faith and the Dutch language in the southern provinces, combined with economic grievances, sparked the
2387:
802:
and the Dutch language, as well as feelings of economic inequity, caused widespread resentment in the southern provinces and led to the outbreak of the
6934:
4195:
3962:
3280:
2325:
849:
731:
688:
535:
1691:
6429:
5980:
2057:
1437:
991:(mobile army) of the States Army (his father remained the nominal head of the armed forces). As such he commanded the troops that took part in the
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6000:
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1130:
The stadtholder, feeling betrayed by the British, left for Germany. The hereditary prince, having a more flexible mind, went to visit Napoleon at
1008:
556:
6813:
4141:
2879:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
2665:
1508:
1312:
The constitution offered William extensive, nearly absolute powers: ministers were only responsible to him, while a unicameral parliament (the
6834:
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6100:
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which was considered an excellent military school, together with his brother. In 1790 he visited a number of foreign courts like the one in
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5905:
4129:
3419:
3273:
2482:
1999:
1684:
763:
500:
100:
4437:
1527:
72:
6422:
5995:
5633:
3378:
3296:
3168:
3141:
3069:
1653:
1546:
1152:
969:
743:
490:
275:
211:
2865:
1413:
contained many present-day Dutch political institutions; however, their functions and composition have changed greatly over the years.
6874:
6667:
6276:
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1643:(b. The Hague, 6 December 1792 – d. Tilburg, 17 March 1849) later King William II of the Netherlands from 1840. Married Grand Duchess
1218:
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1332:(more or less modern-day Belgium) by the Allied Powers who occupied that country, ruling them on behalf of Prussia. He was also made
6944:
6713:
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5990:
5618:
4447:
4315:
4123:
3609:
3394:
2713:
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1892:
1671:
1405:(Second Chamber or House of Representatives or House of Commons) was elected by the Provincial States, which were in turn chosen by
1394:
1382:
1313:
1226:
1076:
922:
903:
495:
177:
119:
79:
6652:
6205:
738:, he commanded the Dutch troops and fought against the French invasion. The family went into exile in London in 1795 following the
1155:
by way of indemnification for its losses in the Batavian Republic. The stadtholder gave this principality immediately to his son.
742:. As compensation for the loss of his father's possessions in the Low Countries, William was appointed ruler of the newly created
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for a planned invasion into the Batavian Republic in the summer of 1795. However, the neutral Prussian government forbade this.
703:
in 1830. Unable to suppress the rebellion, William ultimately accepted Belgian independence in 1839 under the Treaty of London.
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6884:
6757:
6281:
6110:
5985:
4153:
3900:
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1432:
The spearhead of King William's policies was economic progress. As he founded many trade institutions, his second nickname was
1410:
869:
6636:
3255:
1048:
and the situation became militarily untenable. In many places Dutch revolutionaries took over the local government. After the
918:(Hereditary Prince) by contemporaries from his birth until the death of his father in 1806 to distinguish him from William V.
293:
86:
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3515:
3435:
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3237:
3202:
2241:
1483:
1012:
881:
673:
314:
57:
6387:
1941:
1932:
6726:
6377:
6347:
5955:
5688:
5587:
5255:
5008:
4300:
4188:
4087:
4016:
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3670:
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3363:
3353:
3187:
3100:
3022:
1742:
1637:
1614:
1542:
1374:
818:
806:
in 1830. William failed to crush the rebellion and in 1839 he accepted the independence of Belgium in accordance with the
759:
707:
485:
324:
234:
204:
4655:
1179:
632:
68:
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4367:
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1329:
1127:
government of 11 March 1800. Instead the stadtholder was allowed to sell them to the Royal Navy for an appreciable sum.
2884:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
6767:
5406:
5108:
4842:
4796:
4791:
4564:
4508:
4223:
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3005:
2083:
1171:
911:
841:
719:
691:, William experienced significant political upheavals early in life. He fought against the French invasion during the
680:
627:
525:
257:
4720:
3319:
3124:
1461:
190:
6939:
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4503:
4325:
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4237:
4216:
3491:
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3368:
3083:
2932:
2299:
2119:
1966:
1789:
1574:
1214:
1004:
767:
639:
605:
46:
6854:
6752:
6414:
6246:
5915:
5708:
5502:
5487:
5431:
5381:
5260:
5133:
5113:
5013:
4993:
4923:
4837:
4786:
4761:
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4589:
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4058:
3789:
3586:
2729:
1913:
1728:
1602:
1531:
1131:
1092:
873:
814:
448:
1690:(b. Berlin, 9 May 1810 – d. Schloss Reinhartshausen bei Erbach, 29 May 1883), married on 14 September 1830 with
6241:
6025:
5865:
5683:
5482:
5426:
5421:
5356:
5285:
5153:
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4181:
4113:
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3620:
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1869:
1849:
1341:
1333:
1029:
620:
600:
160:
5940:
5613:
4948:
781:
William proclaimed himself king of the Netherlands in 1815. In the same year, he concluded a treaty with King
2846:
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585:
6798:
6762:
6736:
6698:
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6507:
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4604:
4579:
3767:
3499:
3177:
3152:
1644:
1570:
1369:, William proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom on 16 March 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the
1357:
1317:
1100:
807:
669:
156:
6326:
6286:
6271:
6251:
6231:
6226:
6080:
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5739:
5703:
5698:
5693:
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5567:
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5507:
5038:
4918:
4756:
4660:
4635:
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4544:
4528:
4071:
3893:
2996:
2966:
2486:
1554:
1457:
1449:
1183:
1000:
817:, a Roman Catholic, led to his decision to abdicate in 1840. His eldest son acceded to the throne as King
795:
595:
515:
93:
6803:
6631:
6621:
5930:
2691:
The Naval History of Great Britain: During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Vol. 2 1797–1799
987:
had declared war on the Dutch Republic in February 1793, William was appointed commander-in-chief of the
6565:
6030:
5794:
5789:
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4953:
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4340:
3576:
1764:
1660:(b. Berlin, 28 February 1797 – d. Wassenaar, 8 September 1881), married on 21 May 1825 his first cousin
1487:
1237:
1182:. The Prussians lost that battle and William was forced to surrender his troops rather ignominiously at
1096:
984:
934:
799:
782:
545:
6731:
6693:
6626:
4963:
4559:
1550:
1452:. The northern provinces, meanwhile, were the centre of trade. This, in combination with the colonies (
4104:
3329:
1336:, having received that territory in return for trading his hereditary German lands to Prussia and the
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6808:
6672:
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6555:
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6311:
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5935:
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5764:
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5628:
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5235:
5215:
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4897:
4887:
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4614:
3952:
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1909:
1738:
1724:
1522:
1475:
of 1581. The north was commercial, Protestant and entirely Dutch-speaking; the south was industrial,
1325:
1045:
957:
813:
William's disapproval of changes to the constitution, the loss of Belgium and his intention to marry
6662:
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6316:
6095:
6090:
5819:
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5250:
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1845:
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1225:(major-general) in May 1809 As a member of the staff of the Austrian supreme commander, Archduke
1191:
1123:
803:
700:
390:
194:
5148:
5078:
5043:
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1139:, neutral at the time, promoted a Franco-Prussian convention of 23 May 1802, in addition to the
898:
774:, the Orange-Nassau territories were restored to William; he also accepted the offer to become
141:
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1823:
1613:. He fulfilled this intent on 7 October 1840 and his eldest son acceded to the throne as King
1606:
1472:
1453:
1280:
1053:
961:
771:
477:
331:
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1465:
1230:
1140:
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791:
770:. He spent the following years in exile in Prussia. In 1813, following Napoleon's defeat at
755:
644:
17:
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1203:
1202:(Prince) of a diverse assembly of Nassau lands that had belonged to other branches of the
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853:
754:
side and was deposed upon French victory. With the death of his father in 1806, he became
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2817:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha].
1806:
1566:
1476:
938:
930:
926:
845:
727:
684:
370:
362:
1309:". He also wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed by "a wise constitution".
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who apparently had a high opinion of him. William was victorious at the Battles of
942:
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2538:
This had become a courtesy title for the Dutch crown prince under the new kingdom.
1585:
1324:
on 30 March 1814. In August 1814, he was appointed Governor-General of the former
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1717:
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35:
2800:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm II. ernannte Ritter"
1486:
existed in the kingdom. However, William himself was a strong supporter of the
1011:
as commander of the combined Austro-Dutch forces on the instigation of Emperor
6772:
6469:
5895:
3439:
3265:
1610:
1316:) exercised only limited power. He was inaugurated as sovereign prince in the
1088:
877:
1590:
1321:
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941:
had been suppressed in 1787, he in 1788–89 attended the military academy in
366:
2886:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp.
2798:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
1401:(First Chamber or Senate or House of Lords) was appointed by the king. The
5860:
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1558:
1491:
1422:
1199:
1148:
1007:, whose fortress surrendered to him. In May 1794 he had replaced general
747:
1425:, where he gave the people copper coins (leading to his first nickname,
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1535:
1438:
Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Begunstiging van de Volksvlijt
950:
865:
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510:
2862:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1079:. The hereditary prince was instrumental in fomenting a mutiny on the
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The family name changed from "Nassau-Dietz" to "Orange-Nassau" when
884:), created countess of Nassau, on 17 February 1841, also in Berlin.
2815:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota"
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1781:
1584:
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1271:
Inauguration of William as sovereign Prince of the Netherlands in
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1157:
1003:(where his brother was wounded) in 1793, and commanded during the
897:
852:. Until 1806, William was formally known as William VI, Prince of
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405:
1650:
Stillborn son (Hampton Court, Palace, Middlesex, 18 August 1795).
1186:
the day after the battle. He was made a prisoner of war, but was
1087:, resulting in the surrender of the ships without a fight to the
2629:
Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813
1589:
Statue of Willem I of the Netherlands by Pieter Puype (1913) in
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to invade the new state. Although initially victorious in this
710:. He spent his final years in Berlin, where he died in 1843.
29:
1678:(b. Berlin, 1 March 1800 – d. Freienwalde, 22 December 1806).
860:
on 1 October 1791, William married his maternal first cousin
1940:
1931:
1108:
in 1800 and was eventually used by the British in Ireland.
872:. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, William married Countess
6960:
Dutch military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
933:. They were both tutored in the military arts by General
856:, and between 1806 and 1813 also as Prince of Orange. In
668:(Willem Frederik; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was
1421:
votes. He prepared a lavish inauguration for himself in
1194:
William received a pension from France in compensation.
960:. In 1790 he was appointed a general of infantry in the
2942:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 669–670.
6915:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
6910:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
2693:(reprint ed.). Stackpole books. pp. 309–310.
1927:
6880:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2667:
Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en zijn tijd, Volume 2
1365:
Feeling threatened by Napoleon, who had escaped from
1340:. The Great Powers had already agreed via the secret
1209:
But before this came about, in 1809 tensions between
953:
capital Berlin, where he first met his future wife.
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Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1
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Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1581:
Constitutional changes and abdication in later life
821:. William died in 1843 in Berlin at the age of 71.
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2730:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro"
1040:. When in the winter of 1794–95 the rivers in the
1557:was forced to retreat after the threat of French
6865:Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
6850:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
3391:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
1305:. William refused, instead proclaiming himself "
1251:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
6900:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
6373:England expects that every man will do his duty
1479:and divided between Dutch and French-speakers.
1290:, on 30 November 1813 William disembarked from
750:invaded Germany in 1806, William fought on the
6789:Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution
2708:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Maj:ts Orden.
1151:domains in Germany, that were combined to the
6920:Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)
6430:
4189:
3420:
3281:
1044:froze over, the French breached the southern
762:, which he also lost the same year after the
8:
2420:Duchess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1213:and France became intense, resulting in the
972:. In November 1791 he took his new bride to
956:William subsequently studied briefly at the
2933:"William I., King of the Netherlands"
995:of 1793–95. He took part in the Battles of
6860:Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church
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1980:
1971:
925:he was tutored by the Swiss mathematician
776:Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands
140:
131:
1975:Ancestors of William I of the Netherlands
676:from 1815 until his abdication in 1840.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
6577:List of members of the National Congress
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2178:Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
914:, William was informally referred to as
862:(Frederica Louisa) Wilhelmina of Prussia
2551:
2474:
2388:Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1681:Stillborn son (Berlin, 30 August 1806).
1573:and the northern part continued as the
1217:. William did not hesitate to join the
1162:William Frederick, Prince of Orange in
1071:In 1799, William landed in the current
837:King William I's parents were the last
438: 1791; died 1837)
6758:Treaty of the Eighteen Articles (1831)
4519:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
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2099:
1989:
1985:
1685:Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte
6955:18th-century Dutch military personnel
6895:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
6890:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
6201:Spanish American wars of independence
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2058:Princess Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
2055:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2023:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1951:Royal coat of arms of King William I
1541:The next year, William sent his sons
7:
6814:1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross
6637:Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst
2911:Dissertation Abstracts International
2864:(1843), "Großherzogliche Hausorden"
2565:(in French). Paris: Vergne. p.
2483:John William Friso, Prince of Orange
2000:John William Friso, Prince of Orange
1538:emerged out of the 1830 Revolution.
764:dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
501:Marianne, Princess Albert of Prussia
58:adding citations to reliable sources
6186:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
3142:Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands
2300:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
1633:, King William I had six children:
1545:, the Prince of Orange, and Prince
1397:was divided into two chambers. The
1307:Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands
1233:, where he was wounded in the leg.
1153:Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
970:Council of State of the Netherlands
744:Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
212:Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands
6905:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
2813:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014).
2706:Kungliga Serafimerorden: 1748–1998
2485:claimed the inheritance of Prince
2268:Prince Augustus William of Prussia
1605:(paradoxically both "Belgian" and
968:, and he was made a member of the
25:
6714:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
6496:Provisional Government of Belgium
3395:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1383:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1286:After having been invited by the
1077:Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland
1032:. The French first entered Dutch
923:Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau
6935:People of the Belgian Revolution
6732:Ten Days' Campaign (August 1831)
6498:(September 1830 – February 1831)
6061:Frederick William III of Prussia
6041:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
4103:
3801:
3543:
3328:
2954:at the Dutch Royal House website
2562:La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264
1902:
1880:
1859:
1839:
1799:
1774:
1754:
1710:
1666:Frederick William III of Prussia
1498:Revolt of the Southern Provinces
1137:Frederick William III of Prussia
1050:Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam
555:
221:20 November 1813 – 16 March 1815
146:William in ceremonial robes, by
34:
6525:Érasme, Baron Surlet de Chokier
6181:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
6111:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
2518:Judith Van Dorth tot Holthuizen
1377:, fought as a commander at the
1036:which they dominated after the
888:Youth and early military career
870:Frederick William II of Prussia
868:. She was the daughter of King
766:and subsequent creation of the
465:
435:
45:needs additional citations for
6653:Étienne Constantin de Gerlache
6096:Prince Regent John of Portugal
6006:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
5951:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
5946:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
2913:2003, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p. 1030
2736:(in Spanish), 1842, p. 73
2326:Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia
2242:Frederick William I of Prussia
1484:separation of church and state
1119:and the French Republic under
902:Young William and his brother
683:, the last stadtholder of the
536:Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia
171:16 March 1815 – 7 October 1840
69:"William I of the Netherlands"
1:
6541:; July 1831 – December 1865)
6121:Prince Charles John of Sweden
3070:Prince of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
2962:William I of the Netherlands
1743:Order of the Netherlands Lion
1163:
760:Principality of Orange-Nassau
276:Prince of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
6835:William I of the Netherlands
6531:; February 1831 – July 1831)
6502:National Congress of Belgium
2952:Willem I, Koning (1772-1843)
2844:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
2204:William I of the Netherlands
2026:William IV, Prince of Orange
1672:Wilhelmina Frederika Louise
1617:. William I died in 1843 in
1512:Portrait of William I (1833)
1361:Portrait of William I (1816)
1028:was finally defeated at the
18:William VI, Prince of Orange
6870:19th-century Dutch monarchs
6768:Treaty of Maastricht (1843)
6561:Alexandre Dechet (Jenneval)
3297:Monarchs of the Netherlands
2918:The Low Countries 1780–1940
2631:. New York: Vintage Books.
2084:William V, Prince of Orange
1565:dynasty (chiefly among the
1385:at the Congress of Vienna.
1373:. His son, the future king
1279:After Napoleon's defeat at
912:William V, Prince of Orange
842:William V, Prince of Orange
720:William V, Prince of Orange
681:William V, Prince of Orange
628:War of the Fourth Coalition
526:William V, Prince of Orange
258:William V, Prince of Orange
6976:
5956:Frederick I of Württemberg
4326:Confederation of the Rhine
4007:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
3339:Kingdom of the Netherlands
3084:Confederation of the Rhine
2335:
2219:
2120:George II of Great Britain
2093:
1987:
1967:Dutch monarchs family tree
1964:
1830:; Grand Cross (military),
1790:Order of the Golden Fleece
1599:ministerial responsibility
1575:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1501:
1436:. In 1822, he founded the
1248:
1215:War of the Fifth Coalition
1005:Siege of Landrecies (1794)
891:
833:Portrait of William (1775)
768:Confederation of the Rhine
640:War of the Fifth Coalition
581:War of the First Coalition
6875:Grand dukes of Luxembourg
6753:London Conference of 1830
6116:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
6106:William, Prince of Orange
5916:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
4245:French Invasion of Russia
4211:
4101:
4066:
4059:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
4052:
3799:
3728:
3714:
3541:
3466:Elder House of Luxembourg
3460:
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3034:
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3019:
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3002:
2995:
2960:
2670:. H. A. M. Roelants, 1891
2598:. H. A. M. Roelants, 1887
2405:
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2277:
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2227:
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2185:
2163:
2155:
2127:
2105:
2101:
2065:
2043:
2035:
2007:
1991:
1939:
1930:
1914:Order of the White Falcon
1729:Military Order of William
1532:Cornelis Felix van Maanen
1528:repression of Neapolitans
1330:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
921:Like his younger brother
659:
655:
563:
332:King of Dutch East Indies
139:
6945:Princes of Orange-Nassau
6773:Iron Rhine Treaty (1873)
6668:Albert Goblet d'Alviella
6448:and the independence of
6026:Archduke John of Austria
6021:Prince von Schwarzenberg
5866:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4114:House of Nassau-Weilburg
3812:House of Valois-Burgundy
3221:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
2849:22 December 2010 at the
1870:Sash of the Three Orders
1850:Order of the Black Eagle
1694:. They divorced in 1849.
1692:Prince Albert of Prussia
1641:Frederik George Lodewijk
1462:Curaçao and Dependencies
1342:Eight Articles of London
1334:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1180:Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
964:of which his father was
929:and the Dutch historian
798:. The imposition of the
674:grand duke of Luxembourg
633:Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
161:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
6930:Nobility from The Hague
6799:Civic Guard Merit Medal
6763:Treaty of London (1839)
6737:Siege of Antwerp (1832)
6508:Constitution of Belgium
5961:Frederick VI of Denmark
5911:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4701:Greater Poland uprising
4524:Duc d'Enghien Execution
3178:King of the Netherlands
3101:Prince of Orange-Nassau
2939:Encyclopædia Britannica
2704:Per Nordenvall (1998).
1822:Honorary Knight of the
1645:Anna Pavlovna of Russia
1571:Treaty of London (1839)
1561:. Some support for the
1353:King of the Netherlands
718:William was the son of
670:king of the Netherlands
244:9 April – 12 July 1806,
157:King of the Netherlands
6925:Monarchs who abdicated
6885:House of Orange-Nassau
6646:de Gerlache Government
6589:Provisional Government
6518:First Belgian monarchs
6081:Ferdinand VII of Spain
4529:Coronation of Napoleon
4072:House of Orange-Nassau
3894:Isabella Clara Eugenia
2967:House of Orange-Nassau
2755:The Knights of England
2734:Guía Oficial de España
1945:
1936:
1603:Henrietta d'Oultremont
1593:
1555:Royal Netherlands Army
1513:
1362:
1276:
1264:
1259:Landing of William in
1174:broke out between the
1167:
1115:was concluded between
907:
880:– 26 October 1864, in
876:(28 February 1792, in
874:Henrietta d'Oultremont
834:
815:Henrietta d'Oultremont
449:Henrietta d'Oultremont
27:King from 1815 to 1840
6782:Monuments and honours
6368:Conference of Dresden
6277:Paris (February 1812)
6206:Swedish–Norwegian War
6031:Alexander I of Russia
3577:House of Hohenstaufen
2689:James, W. M. (2002).
2487:William III of Orange
1944:
1935:
1912:: Grand Cross of the
1891:: Grand Cross of the
1868:: Grand Cross of the
1765:Order of the Seraphim
1588:
1511:
1360:
1270:
1258:
1238:Alexander I of Russia
1161:
1097:Convention of Alkmaar
910:As eldest son of the
901:
850:Wilhelmina of Prussia
832:
783:Frederick William III
732:Wilhelmina of Prussia
689:Wilhelmina of Prussia
546:Dutch Reformed Church
424:Wilhelmina of Prussia
6699:Charles de Brouckère
6673:Sylvain Van de Weyer
6658:Charles de Brouckère
6617:Sylvain Van de Weyer
6539:King of the Belgians
6481:La muette de Portici
6322:Fontainebleau (1814)
5876:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4797:Invasion of Portugal
3953:House of Wittelsbach
3393:(1813-1815) and the
3063:German mediatization
2972:Cadet branch of the
2753:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
2520:; see Schama, p. 397
2146:Anne, Princess Royal
1910:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1893:Order of St. Stephen
1812:648th Knight of the
1523:La muette de Portici
1442:University of Leuven
1326:Austrian Netherlands
1229:he took part in the
1223:Feldmarschalleutnant
1101:King's Dutch Brigade
1046:Hollandic Water Line
958:University of Leiden
54:improve this article
6950:Protestant monarchs
6804:1830 Star of Honour
6682:Lebeau I Government
6663:Alexandre Gendebien
6632:Joseph Vanderlinden
6622:Feuillien de Coppin
6597:Alexandre Gendebien
6348:Bourbon Restoration
6091:Maria I of Portugal
6076:Prince of Hohenlohe
6066:Gebhard von Blücher
5009:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
4316:Swiss Confederation
3453:County of Luxemburg
2559:Foissy, M. (1830).
1814:Order of the Garter
1609:) made him wish to
1450:University of Liège
1446:University of Ghent
1288:Triumvirate of 1813
1263:on 30 November 1813
981:National Convention
740:Batavian Revolution
679:Born as the son of
616:Battle of Lambusart
611:Battle of Gosselies
606:Siege of Landrecies
591:Battle of Lincelles
303:5 September 1839 –
285:25 February 1803 –
6694:Étienne de Sauvage
6566:Frédéric de Mérode
6465:Belgian Revolution
6458:Belgian Revolution
6446:Belgian Revolution
6363:Continental System
6358:Congress of Erfurt
6282:Paris (March 1812)
6056:Peter Wittgenstein
5981:Duke of Wellington
5936:Prince Poniatowski
5901:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
5886:Auguste de Marmont
5281:Arroyo dos Molinos
5129:Walcheren Campaign
5119:Armistice of Znaim
5014:Dalmatian Campaign
4939:Tyrolean Rebellion
3721:Duchy of Luxemburg
3305:Kingdom of Holland
3234:Title last held by
3212:Duke of Luxembourg
3199:Title last held by
3113:Incorporated into
1946:
1937:
1621:at the age of 71.
1594:
1551:Ten Days' Campaign
1514:
1504:Belgian Revolution
1379:Battle of Waterloo
1371:Congress of Vienna
1363:
1277:
1265:
1168:
1124:Napoleon Bonaparte
935:Frederick Stamford
908:
835:
804:Belgian Revolution
701:Belgian Revolution
391:Kingdom of Prussia
267:Incorporated into
246:19 October 1813 –
6940:Princes of Orange
6822:
6821:
6580:
6549:Important figures
6412:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6400:Types of military
6196:Russo-Turkish War
6191:Russo-Persian War
6159:Anglo-Turkish War
6154:Anglo-Swedish War
6149:Anglo-Spanish War
6144:Anglo-Russian War
6071:Duke of Brunswick
5974:political leaders
5854:political leaders
5838:
5837:
4843:Medina de Rioseco
4565:Haslach-Jungingen
4499:French Revolution
4476:
4475:
4259:Seventh Coalition
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4037:
4029:
4021:
3998:
3990:
3976:House of Habsburg
3967:
3944:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3860:House of Habsburg
3851:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3794:
3786:
3775:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3636:
3628:
3617:
3591:
3568:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3402:
3401:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3216:
3185:Succeeded by
3173:
3149:Succeeded by
3137:
3020:Succeeded by
2821:(in Portuguese).
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
1958:
1957:
1848:: Knight of the
1824:Order of the Bath
1747:29 September 1815
1473:Act of Abjuration
1454:Dutch East Indies
1434:the King-Merchant
1389:Principal changes
1054:Batavian Republic
1030:Battle of Fleurus
993:Flanders Campaign
962:Dutch States Army
894:Flanders campaign
758:and ruler of the
736:Flanders campaign
693:Flanders campaign
663:
662:
621:Battle of Fleurus
601:Siege of Maubeuge
182:21 September 1815
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6967:
6855:Dukes of Limburg
6574:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6416:
6176:Dano-Swedish War
6164:Anglo-Danish War
6016:Archduke Charles
5931:Jérôme Bonaparte
5847:
5780:Castel di Sangro
5689:Fère-Champenoise
5342:García Hernández
5256:Fuentes de Oñoro
4772:Guttstadt-Deppen
4509:Second Coalition
4487:
4468:French Royalists
4275:
4224:Fourth Coalition
4198:
4191:
4184:
4175:
4107:
4068:
4054:
4035:
4027:
4019:
3996:
3988:
3965:
3942:
3930:House of Bourbon
3919:
3911:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3849:
3840:
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3389:1. See also the
3379:Willem-Alexander
3332:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3242:
3207:
3169:Sovereign Prince
3164:
3160:Preceded by
3128:
3122:Preceded by
3091:Preceded by
3082:due to creation
3013:Prince of Orange
3003:Preceded by
2991:
2990:12 December 1843
2984:
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2916:Kossmann, E. H.
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2662:Bas, François de
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2590:Bas, François de
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1981:
1972:
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1918:20 November 1839
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1763:: Knight of the
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1699:Honours and Arms
1466:Dutch Gold Coast
1275:on 30 March 1814
1231:Battle of Wagram
1165:
1143:, that gave the
1141:Treaty of Amiens
1083:squadron in the
1056:was proclaimed.
1038:Battle of Boxtel
825:Prince of Orange
808:Treaty of London
756:Prince of Orange
645:Battle of Wagram
586:Battle of Veurne
568:Military service
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491:Prince Frederick
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380:12 December 1843
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6627:Félix de Mérode
6612:Louis de Potter
6583:
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6556:Charles Niellon
6544:
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6510:(February 1831)
6504:(November 1830)
6453:
6443:
6413:
6404:
6331:
6215:
6136:
6130:
6086:Miguel de Álava
6051:Pyotr Bagration
6046:Count Bennigsen
6036:Mikhail Kutuzov
6001:Thomas Cochrane
5973:
5971:
5965:
5926:Louis Bonaparte
5853:
5851:
5850:French and ally
5834:
5718:
5634:Château-Thierry
5597:
5461:
5432:Maloyaroslavets
5290:
5204:
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4949:Yevenes/Yébenes
4907:
4823:Rosily Squadron
4801:
4725:
4691:Waren-Nossentin
4619:
4550:Cape Finisterre
4533:
4504:First Coalition
4482:
4472:
4379:
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4252:Sixth Coalition
4238:Fifth Coalition
4217:Third Coalition
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3247:Duke of Limburg
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2903:Further reading
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1488:Reformed Church
1427:the Copper King
1407:census suffrage
1391:
1355:
1253:
1247:
1204:House of Nassau
1192:Peace of Tilsit
1145:House of Orange
1062:
985:French Republic
966:Captain general
896:
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848:, and his wife
827:
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468: 1841)
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294:Duke of Limburg
287:27 October 1806
286:
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195:King of Holland
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148:Joseph Paelinck
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6607:Charles Rogier
6604:
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6571:Juan Van Halen
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6101:Count of Feira
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5996:Horatio Nelson
5993:
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5958:
5953:
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5908:
5906:Marshal Victor
5903:
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5684:Arcis-sur-Aube
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5427:Venta del Pozo
5424:
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5409:
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5302:Ciudad Rodrigo
5298:
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5288:
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5203:
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5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5180:Ciudad Rodrigo
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5154:Alba de Tormes
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
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5054:Aspern-Essling
5051:
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5016:
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5001:
4996:
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4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
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4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:Jena–Auerstedt
4653:
4648:
4643:
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4633:
4627:
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4428:Ottoman Empire
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4400:
4395:
4390:
4388:United Kingdom
4384:
4382:
4374:
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4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Ottoman Empire
4355:
4353:Denmark–Norway
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:Polish Legions
4293:
4287:
4285:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4231:Peninsular War
4227:
4220:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4169:
4168:
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4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4136:Marie-Adélaïde
4133:
4127:
4120:
4118:
4117:(1890–present)
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4109:
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3660:
3651:
3649:
3641:
3640:
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3629:
3618:
3606:
3604:
3600:House of Namur
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3554:House of Namur
3550:
3549:
3542:
3540:
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3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
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3381:
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3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:(1815–present)
3335:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3295:
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3156:
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3118:
3112:
3106:
3105:1806, 1813–15
3097:
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3060:
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3052:
3051:Regnal titles
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2993:
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2983:24 August 1772
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2925:External links
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2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1938:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1899:
1876:
1856:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1832:2 January 1815
1828:16 August 1814
1820:
1818:10 August 1814
1807:United Kingdom
1796:
1771:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1735:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1682:
1679:
1669:
1664:, daughter of
1651:
1648:
1629:With his wife
1626:
1623:
1607:Roman Catholic
1582:
1579:
1502:Main article:
1499:
1496:
1482:Officially, a
1477:Roman Catholic
1395:States General
1390:
1387:
1354:
1351:
1338:Duke of Nassau
1314:States General
1297:and landed at
1246:
1243:
1081:Batavian naval
1075:as part of an
1061:
1058:
939:Patriot revolt
931:Herman Tollius
927:Leonhard Euler
892:Main article:
889:
886:
846:Dutch Republic
826:
823:
800:Reformed faith
746:in 1803. When
728:Dutch Republic
715:
712:
685:Dutch Republic
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
650:
649:
648:
647:
637:
636:
635:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
576:
574:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
560:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
513:
507:
506:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
482:
480:
474:
473:
461:
457:
447:
446:
445:
444:
431:
427:
422:
421:
420:
419:
416:
414:
410:
409:
400:
398:
394:
393:
384:(aged 71)
378:
374:
373:
371:Dutch Republic
363:Huis ten Bosch
360:24 August 1772
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
307:
305:7 October 1840
301:
297:
296:
290:
289:
283:
279:
278:
272:
271:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
242:
238:
237:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
188:
184:
183:
180:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
153:
152:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6972:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6689:Joseph Lebeau
6687:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6578:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6492:(August 1830)
6491:
6490:
6486:
6484:(August 1830)
6483:
6482:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:Miscellaneous
6334:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:Manuel Lapeña
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5968:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5941:Prince Eugène
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:André Masséna
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:Joachim Murat
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Rocheserviere
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:San Sebastián
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:Sankt Michael
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4979:Teugen-Hausen
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4479:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:client states
4276:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3964:
3963:Maximilian II
3961:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:(1411–1415),
3780:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3752:Wenceslaus II
3750:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:(1197–1214),
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:(1197–1247),
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3205:
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3197:
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3189:
3180:
3179:
3172:
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3170:
3158:
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3144:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2997:Dutch royalty
2994:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2920:(1978) ch 3–4
2919:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2715:91-630-6744-7
2711:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2638:0-679-72949-6
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:Schama, Simon
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
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2427:
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2415:
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2400:
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2237:
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2215:
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2205:
2199:
2198:
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2189:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2159:
2158:
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2152:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1769:14 April 1813
1766:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:30 April 1815
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1688:
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1636:
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1632:
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1612:
1608:
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1600:
1592:
1587:
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1510:
1505:
1497:
1495:
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1489:
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1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
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1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:Low Countries
1344:to unite the
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Austrian army
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:French Empire
1173:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:Great Britain
1114:
1109:
1107:
1106:Isle of Wight
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:North Holland
1069:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
905:
900:
895:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:Orange-Nassau
851:
847:
843:
840:
831:
824:
822:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:. During the
733:
729:
725:
721:
713:
711:
709:
704:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
658:
654:
646:
643:
642:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
578:
577:(incomplete)
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
524:
520:
517:
516:Orange-Nassau
514:
512:
508:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
481:
479:
475:
454:
450:
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425:
418:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
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372:
368:
364:
352:
348:
344:
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336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
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316:
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302:
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295:
291:
284:
280:
277:
273:
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232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
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209:
206:
203:
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196:
192:
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185:
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179:
175:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
149:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6721:
6487:
6479:
6383:Grande Armée
6343:Bibliography
6327:Paris (1815)
6287:Paris (1814)
6272:Paris (1810)
6252:Finckenstein
6227:Campo Formio
6105:
5986:Rowland Hill
5972:military and
5852:military and
5825:Rocquencourt
5694:Saint-Dizier
5664:Bar-sur-Aube
5619:Mincio River
5114:Schöngrabern
4893:2nd Zaragoza
4833:1st Zaragoza
4787:Stralsund II
4636:Campo Tenese
4610:Schöngrabern
4595:Cape Ortegal
4545:Diamond Rock
4423:Papal States
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4156:(since 2000)
4081:
4061:(since 1815)
3847:Maximilian I
3783:
3772:
3771:(1411–1443)
3744:Wenceslaus I
3695:Wenceslaus I
3625:
3614:
3397:(1815–1839).
3348:
3254:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3108:
3099:
3078:Confiscated
3077:
3068:
3057:New creation
3056:
3044:
3035:
3031:New creation
3030:
3011:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2937:
2917:
2910:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2822:
2819:Pro Phalaris
2818:
2808:
2797:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2738:, retrieved
2733:
2724:
2705:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2666:
2628:
2600:. Retrieved
2594:
2561:
2554:
2534:
2525:
2513:
2508:
2499:
2494:
2477:
2203:
1924:Coat of arms
1917:
1896:
1874:October 1825
1873:
1853:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1793:
1768:
1746:
1739:Grand Master
1737:Founder and
1732:
1725:Grand Master
1723:Founder and
1686:
1673:
1655:
1638:
1628:
1595:
1559:intervention
1540:
1526:, about the
1521:
1518:Daniel Auber
1515:
1481:
1470:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1411:constitution
1403:Tweede Kamer
1402:
1399:Eerste Kamer
1398:
1392:
1364:
1311:
1299:Scheveningen
1293:
1285:
1278:
1261:Scheveningen
1235:
1222:
1208:
1196:
1169:
1129:
1121:First Consul
1110:
1070:
1063:
988:
978:
955:
937:. After the
920:
915:
909:
882:Schloss Rahe
836:
812:
780:
717:
705:
697:
678:
665:
664:
573:Battles/wars
382:(1843-12-12)
178:Inauguration
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
6845:1843 deaths
6840:1772 births
6704:Paul Devaux
6602:André Jolly
6452:(1830–1839)
6211:War of 1812
6169:Gunboat War
6126:Louis XVIII
5881:Jean Lannes
5795:Quatre Bras
5785:San Germano
5735:Occhiobello
5624:Champaubert
5614:La Rothière
5538:San Marcial
5422:2nd Polotsk
5387:1st Polotsk
5372:Majadahonda
5312:Villagarcia
5241:Campo Maior
5029:Piave River
4954:Ciudad Real
4944:Villafranca
4813:Dos de Mayo
4762:Stralsund I
4514:18 Brumaire
4448:Netherlands
4346:Württemberg
4150:(1964–2000)
4144:(1919–1964)
4138:(1912–1919)
4132:(1905–1912)
4126:(1890–1905)
4096:(1849–1890)
4094:William III
4090:(1840–1849)
4084:(1815–1840)
4075:(1815–1890)
4036:(1792–1794)
4028:(1790–1792)
4020:(1780–1790)
4010:(1780–1794)
3997:(1740–1780)
3989:(1713–1740)
3979:(1713–1780)
3966:(1712–1713)
3956:(1712–1713)
3943:(1700–1712)
3933:(1700–1712)
3920:(1665–1700)
3912:(1621–1665)
3904:(1598–1621)
3897:(1598–1621)
3889:(1556–1598)
3881:(1506–1556)
3878:Charles III
3873:(1482–1506)
3863:(1482–1700)
3850:(1477–1482)
3841:(1477–1482)
3833:(1467–1477)
3825:(1443–1467)
3815:(1443–1482)
3793:(1418–1425)
3763:(1388–1411)
3755:(1383–1388)
3747:(1354–1383)
3737:(1354–1443)
3723:(1354–1794)
3698:(1353–1354)
3690:(1346–1353)
3682:(1313–1346)
3674:(1288–1313)
3666:(1281–1288)
3658:(1247–1281)
3648:(1247–1354)
3635:(1214–1226)
3603:(1197–1247)
3590:(1196–1197)
3580:(1196–1197)
3567:(1136–1189)
3557:(1136–1189)
3535:(1131–1136)
3527:(1096–1131)
3519:(1086–1096)
3511:(1059–1086)
3503:(1047–1059)
3495:(1026–1047)
3359:William III
3308:(1806–1810)
3151:Himself as
2829:28 November
2740:10 December
2516:(baroness)
1794:5 July 1814
1718:Netherlands
1042:Rhine delta
839:stadtholder
724:stadtholder
722:, the last
402:Nieuwe Kerk
311:Predecessor
254:Predecessor
248:31 May 1815
187:Predecessor
6829:Categories
6809:Iron Cross
6575:(see also
6470:Rattachism
6353:Casualties
6267:Schönbrunn
6242:Artlenburg
5991:John Moore
5896:Michel Ney
5765:Scapezzano
5755:Cesenatico
5699:Montmartre
5629:Montmirail
5563:Wartenburg
5518:Großbeeren
5377:Gorodechno
5367:Klyastitsy
5347:Saltanovka
5236:Casal Novo
5109:Hollabrunn
5094:Korneuburg
4888:Somosierra
4792:Copenhagen
4615:Austerlitz
4605:Dürenstein
4341:Westphalia
4284:and allies
4130:William IV
4088:William II
3917:Charles IV
3886:Philip III
3830:Charles II
3487:(998–1026)
3469:(963–1136)
3455:(963–1354)
3440:Luxembourg
3364:Wilhelmina
3354:William II
3188:William II
3109:Abolished
3045:Abolished
3023:William II
3017:1806–1815
2949:(in Dutch)
2761:, London,
2546:References
1965:See also:
1631:Wilhelmina
1615:William II
1464:, and the
1375:William II
1318:New Church
1249:See also:
1089:Royal Navy
1013:Francis II
979:After the
878:Maastricht
864:, born in
819:William II
708:William II
486:William II
453:morganatic
356:1772-08-24
325:William II
205:William II
80:newspapers
6535:Leopold I
6317:Casalanza
6292:Tauroggen
6247:Pressburg
6232:Lunéville
6137:conflicts
5970:Coalition
5820:La Suffel
5770:Tolentino
5654:Montereau
5639:Vauchamps
5588:Bornhöved
5543:Dennewitz
5488:Tarragona
5437:Chashniki
5337:Salamanca
5261:Tarragona
5185:Barquilla
5139:Almonacid
5099:Stockerau
5069:Stralsund
5039:2nd Porto
5019:Ebelsberg
4989:Abensberg
4959:1st Porto
4919:Castellón
4903:Benavente
4868:Valmaseda
4782:Friedland
4777:Heilsberg
4747:Ostrołęka
4737:Mohrungen
4671:Magdeburg
4600:Amstetten
4585:Trafalgar
4570:Elchingen
4555:Wertingen
4453:Brunswick
4378:Coalition
4142:Charlotte
4082:William I
3986:Charles V
3909:Philip IV
3870:Philip II
3768:Elisabeth
3687:Charles I
3671:Henry VII
3610:Ermesinde
3532:Conrad II
3524:William I
3516:Henry III
3500:Giselbert
3479:(963–998)
3476:Siegfried
3349:William I
3238:Francis I
3203:Francis I
3094:William V
3006:William V
1676:Charlotte
1591:Apeldoorn
1547:Frederick
1520:'s opera
1322:Amsterdam
1292:HMS
1273:Amsterdam
1166:1805–1810
1132:St. Cloud
1066:Osnabrück
1021:Lambusart
1017:Gosselies
989:veldleger
974:The Hague
943:Brunswick
904:Frederick
666:William I
552:Signature
367:The Hague
341:1816–1840
321:Successor
315:Francis I
264:Successor
226:Successor
201:Successor
135:William I
6746:Treaties
6475:Orangism
6388:Uniforms
6302:Chaumont
6220:Treaties
5921:Joseph I
5861:Napoleon
5805:Waterloo
5745:Casaglia
5709:Toulouse
5593:Sehested
5568:Bidassoa
5548:2nd Kulm
5533:1st Kulm
5523:Katzbach
5513:Sorauren
5508:Pyrenees
5473:Castalla
5457:Berezina
5447:Smoliani
5417:Tarutino
5402:Borodino
5392:Valutino
5382:Smolensk
5352:Ostrovno
5322:Maguilla
5286:Valencia
5276:Saguntum
5124:Talavera
5004:Ratisbon
4994:Landshut
4969:Bergisel
4964:Medellín
4878:Espinosa
4838:Valencia
4711:Czarnowo
4681:Pasewalk
4676:Prenzlau
4651:Saalfeld
4590:Caldiero
4560:Günzburg
4438:Sardinia
4413:Portugal
3940:Philip V
3822:Philip I
3784:and then
3663:Henry VI
3626:and then
3621:Theobald
3564:Henry IV
3508:Conrad I
3492:Henry II
3436:Monarchs
3320:Louis II
3260:1839–40
3225:1815–40
3182:1815–40
3146:1813–15
3125:Louis II
3074:1803–06
3041:1840–43
2847:Archived
2674:31 March
2664:(1891).
2627:(1992).
2602:31 March
2592:(1887).
2501:Erbprinz
2498:German:
2489:in 1702.
1961:Ancestry
1866:Portugal
1784:: 876th
1687:Marianne
1656:Frederik
1625:Children
1611:abdicate
1492:Flanders
1448:and the
1423:Brussels
1328:and the
1149:abbatial
1093:Orangist
951:Prussian
949:and the
916:Erfprins
752:Prussian
748:Napoleon
542:Religion
191:Louis II
110:May 2013
6450:Belgium
6135:Related
5714:Bayonne
5679:Craonne
5649:Mormant
5609:Brienne
5583:Nivelle
5573:Leipzig
5528:Dresden
5498:Vitoria
5483:Bautzen
5452:Krasnoi
5397:Mesoten
5357:Vitebsk
5317:Almaraz
5307:Badajoz
5266:Albuera
5251:Almeida
5246:Sabugal
5231:Redinha
5221:Barrosa
5200:Bussaco
5195:Almeida
5175:Astorga
5144:Tamames
5104:Gefrees
5059:Alcañiz
4999:Eckmühl
4929:Corunna
4898:Sahagún
4863:Zornoza
4858:Vimeiro
4828:Cabezón
4752:Kolberg
4721:Pułtusk
4716:Golymin
4706:Hamelin
4686:Stettin
4646:Schleiz
4491:Prelude
4483:battles
4458:Hanover
4403:Prussia
4393:Austria
4331:Bavaria
4311:Etruria
4306:Holland
4278:France,
4271:gerents
4124:Adolphe
4033:Francis
4025:Leopold
3994:Mary II
3790:John II
3779:Anthony
3655:Henry V
3632:Waleran
3484:Henry I
3374:Beatrix
3369:Juliana
3315:Louis I
3162:Himself
3061:due to
1888:Austria
1846:Prussia
1788:of the
1741:of the
1727:of the
1704:Honours
1674:Pauline
1654:Willem
1567:Flemish
1543:William
1536:Belgium
1458:Surinam
1294:Warrior
1281:Leipzig
1227:Charles
1211:Austria
1188:paroled
1085:Vlieter
1034:Brabant
1009:Kaunitz
983:of the
906:in 1790
866:Potsdam
844:of the
772:Leipzig
726:of the
470:
462:
458:
440:
432:
428:
413:Spouses
94:scholar
6529:Regent
6312:Mantua
6262:Cintra
6257:Tilsit
6237:Amiens
5775:Ancona
5760:Pesaro
5730:Panaro
5659:Orthez
5644:Garris
5558:Roßlau
5553:Göhrde
5493:Luckau
5478:Lützen
5442:Vyazma
5412:Burgos
5407:Moscow
5362:Kobryn
5271:Usagre
5226:Pombal
5216:Gebora
5089:Wagram
5049:Tarvis
5024:Girona
4984:Raszyn
4974:Sacile
4883:Tudela
4873:Burgos
4853:Roliça
4848:Bailén
4767:Mileto
4757:Danzig
4696:Lübeck
4661:Erfurt
4580:Verona
4463:Nassau
4443:Sweden
4433:Persia
4418:Sicily
4398:Russia
4380:forces
4363:Persia
4336:Saxony
4321:Naples
4291:France
4269:Belli-
4017:Joseph
3901:Albert
3838:Mary I
3679:John I
3231:Vacant
3196:Vacant
3115:Nassau
2986:
2787:p. 182
2785:Shaw,
2775:p. 178
2773:Shaw,
2712:
2635:
2514:freule
1907:
1885:
1804:
1786:Knight
1779:
1761:Sweden
1715:
1662:Louise
1639:Willem
1619:Berlin
1563:Orange
1553:, the
1444:, the
1245:Return
1184:Erfurt
1147:a few
1026:Coburg
997:Veurne
947:Nassau
858:Berlin
788:Leuven
730:, and
687:, and
532:Mother
522:Father
397:Burial
387:Berlin
269:Nassau
150:, 1819
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6378:Films
5810:Wavre
5800:Ligny
5790:Gaeta
5750:Ronco
5740:Carpi
5704:Paris
5674:Reims
5578:Hanau
5170:Cádiz
5149:Ocaña
5134:Ölper
5079:María
5044:Wörgl
5034:Grijó
4934:Valls
4924:Uclés
4818:Bruch
4742:Eylau
4666:Halle
4641:Maida
4631:Gaeta
4481:Major
4408:Spain
4368:Spain
4301:Italy
4154:Henri
3760:Jobst
2988:Died:
2981:Born:
2882:[
2802:p. 12
2763:p. 52
2469:Notes
1782:Spain
1658:Karel
1236:Tsar
1221:as a
1200:Fürst
1170:When
1113:peace
1111:When
1060:Exile
1001:Menin
796:Liège
792:Ghent
511:House
478:Issue
464:(
460:
434:(
430:
406:Delft
338:Reign
300:Reign
282:Reign
241:Reign
218:Reign
167:Reign
101:JSTOR
87:books
6307:Kiel
6297:Ried
5843:Info
5830:Issy
5723:1815
5669:Laon
5602:1814
5466:1813
5332:Ekau
5295:1812
5209:1811
5163:1810
5084:Graz
5074:Raab
4912:1809
4806:1808
4730:1807
4624:1806
4538:1805
4148:Jean
3899:and
3773:with
3615:with
3587:Otto
3153:King
2866:p. 8
2831:2019
2823:9–10
2742:2019
2710:ISBN
2676:2013
2633:ISBN
2604:2013
2512:The
2418:15.
2360:14.
2298:13.
2240:12.
2176:11.
2118:10.
1897:1837
1393:The
1367:Elba
1303:king
1019:and
999:and
794:and
714:Life
672:and
377:Died
350:Born
73:news
5327:Mir
5190:Côa
4575:Ulm
3843:and
3438:of
3245:as
3210:as
3167:as
3131:as
2825:: 5
2567:101
2386:7.
2324:3.
2266:6.
2202:1.
2144:5.
2082:2.
2056:9.
2024:4.
1998:8.
1429:).
1419:yes
1320:in
1172:war
193:as
56:by
6831::
2936:.
2892:88
2890:,
2888:17
2757:,
2732:,
2647:^
2612:^
2575:^
1916:,
1895:,
1872:,
1852:,
1826:,
1816:,
1809::
1792:,
1767:,
1745:,
1731:,
1720::
1460:,
1456:,
1206:.
1164:c.
976:.
810:.
790:,
778:.
466:m.
436:m.
404:,
389:,
369:,
365:,
6579:)
6537:(
6527:(
6438:e
6431:t
6424:v
4197:e
4190:t
4183:v
3428:e
3421:t
3414:v
3289:e
3282:t
3275:v
2894:.
2833:.
2759:I
2718:.
2678:.
2641:.
2606:.
2569:.
1668:.
1647:.
455:)
451:(
358:)
354:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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