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and the dam currently serves as the training facility for all of TVA's hydroelectric workers. Wilson Lake provides 166 miles (267 km) of shoreline and 15,500 acres (6,300 ha) of water surface for recreational activities, and the adjoining reservation provides miles of hiking trails and campground.
537:
sewage pipeline, and 685 miles of electrical cabling. The settlement's mess halls served over 20,000 meals a day, and it also contained a school with capacity for 850 students, three barbershops, and a hospital. However the dam was not finished by the war's end in 1919 and did not contribute to its outcome.
599:
and, in the words of one economist, gave residents "universally high standards of living, new jobs, leisure, freedom and an end to drudgery, congestion, noise, smoke and filth." Wilson Dam also served as TVA's first headquarters, until it was gradually moved to
Knoxville, Tennessee, where it is still
620:
to make remarks on TVA and Wilson Dam's role in the agency's success and the role of the
Federal Government in the Valley's history. In 1966, the Department of the Interior designated Wilson Dam a National Historic Landmark and added it to the National Register of Historic Places for its role as the
574:
Construction on the dam itself was finally finished in 1924, with the first electricity generating unit going into service in
September 1925. The finished dam and locks finally allowed free navigation of the Muscle Shoals for steamboats and barges. Over the next few years only 40 percent of electric
536:
and was the largest hydroelectric installation in the world at the time of construction. During construction, the site briefly became a city in its own right, employing over 18,000 workers and consisting of over 1,700 temporary buildings, 236 permanent buildings, 185 residential units, 165 miles of
479:
at Wilson Dam is 110 feet (34 m) wide by 600 feet (180 m) long. The lock lift is 94 feet (29 m). It is the highest single lift lock east of the Rocky
Mountains. An auxiliary lock has two 60 feet (18 m) wide by 300 feet (91 m) long chambers that operate in tandem. Over 3,700
624:
Wilson Dam is one of 29 conventional hydroelectric dams that provide flood control, navigation, electrical power, recreation, and water supply for the seven-state
Tennessee Valley region and is the largest conventional facility in the TVA System. Over 3,600 vessels pass through the locks each year
604:
Wilson Dam Was finally used for its initial purpose, as the nitrate and phosphorus plants in the area were used to produce munitions for the war effort. These plants continued to serve throughout the Cold War, supplying a major portion of the phosphorus used in munitions by the United States Armed
495:
The origins of the dam lie in the treacherous Muscle Shoals section of the
Tennessee River, an area of dangerous shallows and turbulent currents, impeding commerce and navigation. The expansion of steamboat travel and plantation agriculture along the Tennessee Valley inspired many largely
520:
mandated the construction of two nitrate plants, powered by an adjacent hydroelectric plant in order to create a domestic supply of this vital resource. Federal
Engineers decided on Muscle Shoals after determining that it had the greatest hydroelectric potential east of the
566:
believed that the dam would do more good in public hands than under Ford's ownership, and should be used as part of a large scale public works program and development scheme across the
Tennessee Valley. Norris' plan would address three major concerns affecting the
2021:
608:
In 1959, a new lock was constructed for Wilson Dam, which was the largest single-chamber lock in the world at the time of construction. This lock remains today the largest single-chamber lock in the continental United States east of the
Rockies. President
591:
in 1932. After his election, President-elect
Roosevelt inspected the dam and threw his support behind Norris' public works plan, and in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority was created, with Wilson Dam as one of the cornerstones in the new agency's plans.
2116:
2052:
2036:
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636:
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offered to take on a 99-year lease on the dam for 5 million dollars, in which he promised to finish the dam and construct a new one upstream. Ford promised to use the dam and create a planned city in the yet-nonexistent
2111:
2057:
2247:
1698:
540:
With peace, interest in the dam rapidly declined, and Congress was unwilling to front costs for more public works projects, yet wasting the millions of dollars in costs to that point was similarly anathema. The
2078:
1980:
2187:
2011:
1945:
1910:
496:
unsuccessful efforts in the late 19th century to tame the shoals, including a canal around the area. This final effort to tame the Muscle Shoals was spurred on by the possibility of US entry into the
1985:
1890:
1850:
1675:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1915:
2182:
2031:
1865:
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1975:
1925:
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which he would make the "Detroit of the South." The dam would be used to fuel industrial development in his new planned city, and gathered widespread support among the populace and in the
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1960:
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571:, persistent flooding, soil erosion, and lack of electrical power. Norris blocked the Ford proposal in the Senate, and Ford ultimately withdrew his bid in 1924, citing the delays.
475:
in northern Alabama. The dam is 137 feet (42 m) high and 4,541 feet (1,384 m) long. The dam cost almost $ 47 million (equivalent to $ 663 million in 2023). The main
2016:
1965:
1920:
1820:
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1514:
791:
2232:
2146:
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600:
based. The nitrate plants that Wilson Dam was initially constructed to power were used for the production of fertilizer throughout the 1930s, and by the
696:
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54:
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TVA and Wilson Dam brought power to thousands in the Lauderdale and Colbert County areas as part of the TVA's overall plan of
542:
575:
generating capacity was installed. The debate over what the dam should be used for raged throughout the 1920s, with Norris'
642:
Construction of Wilson Dam taking place around 1919. Jackson Island, seen in the background, is now covered by Lake Wilson.
1500:
614:
517:
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20:
1445:(HAER) documentation, filed under Tennessee River at Wilson Dam Road (Route 133), Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL:
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on November 13, 1966, for its role as the first dam to come under the TVA's administration. The dam is named for
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886:
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1217:
549:
sought private sector investment in order to complete the project in the post-war political climate. In 1921,
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861:
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175:
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508:, used in the manufacturing of explosives, which were primarily imported in the form of bat or bird
1384:
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259.4 of the Tennessee River, spanning the river in a roughly north–south orientation between
298:
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583:
in 1931 as "socialistic." This all changed with the advent of the Great Depression and the
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1452:", 52 photos, 1 measured drawing, 2 data pages, 3 photo caption pages
1003:
820:
617:
580:
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1175:
379:
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1543:
1298:"T.V.A. Fights Order to Move Headquarters From Tennessee to Alabama (Published 1979)"
546:
2117:
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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1471:
Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Three Phase Tri Level Circuit Breaker
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1420:"America's Greatest Dam in the Making: the Wilson Dam At Muscle Shoals"
505:
432:
58:
40:
1412:
938:
2112:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
1268:"Nashville District > About > History > Wilson Lock and Dam"
914:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Wilson Dam
1473:", 2 photos, 1 measured drawing, 1 photo caption page
1466:", 2 photos, 1 measured drawing, 1 photo caption page
1464:
Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Oilostatic Transmission System
1459:", 7 photos, 1 measured drawing, 1 photo caption page
2228:
National Register of Historic Places in Lauderdale County, Alabama
1457:
Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Turbine & Generator Unit
513:
509:
851:
2223:
National Register of Historic Places in Colbert County, Alabama
1657:
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666:
Wilson Lock and Dam on the Tennessee River at Florence, Alabama
416:
2248:
Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
1478:
Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Stoney Spillway Gate
918:
Accompanying 2 photos, 1 aerial and 1 from below, undated.
912:
Polly M. Rettig and Horace J. Sheely, Jr. (February 1976)
1357:"Kennedy visit to Shoals led to frank talk with Wallace"
121:$ 47,000,000 (equivalent to $ 663 million in 2023)
45:
View of Wilson Dam from the power house end of the dam.
2188:
Buildings and structures in Lauderdale County, Alabama
1485:
Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant, Navigation Lock
678:
Muscle Shoals Nitrate Plant, powered by the dam, 1931
447:(TVA) dams on the Tennessee River. It was declared a
2183:
Buildings and structures in Colbert County, Alabama
2092:
2071:
2045:
2004:
1737:
1714:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1691:
1331:"A New Beginning for the Muscle Shoals Reservation"
480:vessels pass through Wilson Dam's locks each year.
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64:
50:
33:
1355:Daily, Rob Hammond Special to The (May 18, 2013).
690:Barge exiting the main lock at Wilson Dam in 1982.
1745:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
809:
807:
483:The net dependable capacity of Wilson Dam is 663
1083:"The Gazette Times - Google News Archive Search"
2238:Historic American Engineering Record in Alabama
2137:National Register of Historic Places portal
814:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
792:List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama
1669:
1508:
8:
983:
981:
702:Fish catch downstream of Wilson Dam in 1940.
1487:", 7 photos, 1 photo caption page
1199:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1676:
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883:National Historic Landmark summary listing
787:Dams and reservoirs of the Tennessee River
39:
30:
1685:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
219:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
873:
871:
2203:Energy infrastructure completed in 1924
885:. National Park Service. Archived from
803:
775:Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority
632:
532:began in 1918 under the supervision of
2218:National Historic Landmarks in Alabama
1192:
852:"National Register Information System"
778:: U.S. Supreme Court case over the dam
2213:United States Army Corps of Engineers
2208:Hydroelectric power plants in Alabama
1379:
1377:
1212:
1210:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1143:O'Donnell, Tommy (February 1, 2019).
1138:
1136:
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1130:
1128:
1052:
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989:"Lock Characteristics General Report"
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
437:United States Army Corps of Engineers
7:
2233:Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area
1450:Wilson Dam & Hydroelectric Plant
1443:Historic American Engineering Record
1218:"Public Power Transforms Real Lives"
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
960:"US Army Corps of Engineers Website"
857:National Register of Historic Places
654:Wilson Dam construction around 1919.
1002:. December 29, 2009. Archived from
714:Wilson Dam Auxiliary Locks in 1982.
16:Dam on the Tennessee River, Alabama
2100:National Historic Preservation Act
528:Construction of Wilson Dam by the
277:
252:
14:
621:first dam under TVA supervision.
2178:Bridges over the Tennessee River
2142:
2141:
2130:
1638:
1617:
996:General Characteristics of Locks
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742:
728:
707:
695:
683:
671:
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635:
276:
269:
251:
244:
2193:Tennessee Valley Authority dams
835:Gross Domestic Product deflator
500:. US Officials feared that the
228:U.S. National Historic Landmark
2053:Federated States of Micronesia
1699:Architectural style categories
374:
1:
1605:
1426:. May 7, 1921. Archived from
1243:"Roosevelt Visits Wilson Dam"
816:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
613:visited the dam in 1963 with
285:Show map of the United States
1145:"Henry Ford's Muscle Shoals"
916:, National Park Service and
518:National Defense Act of 1916
504:could disrupt the supply of
197:15,500 acres (6,300 ha)
162:4,541 ft (1,384 m)
2168:Dams on the Tennessee River
1174:pls4e (September 6, 2018).
435:. Completed in 1924 by the
28:Dam in Shoals Area, Alabama
21:Wilson Dam (disambiguation)
2269:
2105:Historic Preservation Fund
2084:American Legation, Morocco
1528:Tennessee Valley Authority
1480:", 1 measured drawing
1058:"Wilson Dam and Reservoir"
1000:US Army Corps of Engineers
579:being vetoed by President
449:National Historic Landmark
445:Tennessee Valley Authority
18:
2125:
2046:Lists by associated state
1629:
1623:
1608:
1603:
1534:
589:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
463:Wilson Dam is located at
406:
373:NRHP reference
238:
234:
225:
216:
209:
205:
201:
38:
2027:Northern Mariana Islands
1483:HAER No. AL-47-E, "
1476:HAER No. AL-47-D, "
1469:HAER No. AL-47-C, "
1462:HAER No. AL-47-B, "
1455:HAER No. AL-47-A, "
560:House of Representatives
1247:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1062:Encyclopedia of Alabama
764:Renewable energy portal
611:John Fitzgerald Kennedy
530:Army Corps of Engineers
368:Army Corps of Engineers
154:137 ft (42 m)
102:Construction began
2198:Dams completed in 1924
2022:Minor Outlying Islands
2005:Lists by insular areas
1719:Keeper of the Register
1448:HAER No. AL-47, "
1272:www.lrn.usace.army.mil
1108:"A Dam for the People"
345:20 acres (8.1 ha)
118:Construction cost
1724:National Park Service
1704:Contributing property
862:National Park Service
597:rural electrification
443:, and is one of nine
326:34.80083°N 87.62583°W
86:34.80083°N 87.62583°W
2079:District of Columbia
1635:Patton Island Bridge
1524:Tennessee River Dams
1430:on December 30, 2010
1304:. February 6, 1979.
736:United States portal
189:(789,700,000 m)
19:For other uses, see
1424:Scientific American
1278:on January 22, 2021
889:on January 11, 2008
864:. January 23, 2007.
837:figures follow the
782:Birmingham District
562:. However, Senator
399:Designated NHL
331:34.80083; -87.62583
322: /
260:Show map of Alabama
182:Total capacity
91:34.80083; -87.62583
82: /
2243:Multiple-arch dams
1302:The New York Times
966:on January 9, 2009
577:Muscle Shoals Bill
2155:
2154:
1709:Historic district
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1595:Crossings of the
1587:
1586:
1009:on April 10, 2011
618:George C. Wallace
410:
409:
402:November 13, 1966
394:November 13, 1966
386:Significant dates
299:Florence, Alabama
194:Surface area
136:Dam and spillways
110:Opening date
2260:
2253:Locks of Alabama
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2144:
2135:
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2058:Marshall Islands
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1671:
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1574:Pickwick Landing
1526:Operated by the
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1413:Wilson Reservoir
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1274:. Archived from
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962:. Archived from
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615:Alabama Governor
602:Second World War
569:Tennessee Valley
543:Secretary of War
487:of electricity.
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2173:Dams in Alabama
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498:First World War
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2012:American Samoa
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1988:
1983:
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1968:
1963:
1958:
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1946:South Carolina
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1911:North Carolina
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1941:Rhode Island
1936:Pennsylvania
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1559:Guntersville
1539:Fort Loudoun
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1423:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
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1301:
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1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
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1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
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1225:. Retrieved
1221:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1176:"Wilson Dam"
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1115:. Retrieved
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1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1011:. Retrieved
1004:the original
995:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
954:
942:. Retrieved
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
882:
879:"Wilson Dam"
855:
846:
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827:November 30,
825:. Retrieved
819:
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750:Water portal
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431:counties in
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295:Nearest city
25:
2072:Other areas
2032:Puerto Rico
1866:Mississippi
1781:Connecticut
1614:Wheeler Dam
1549:Chickamauga
1434:October 12,
1394:January 17,
1366:January 17,
1340:January 17,
1315:January 17,
1282:January 17,
1252:January 17,
1227:January 17,
1185:January 17,
1154:January 17,
1117:January 17,
1092:January 17,
1067:January 17,
893:October 28,
502:German Navy
459:Description
441:Wilson Lake
329: /
305:Coordinates
176:Wilson Lake
126:Operator(s)
89: /
65:Coordinates
55:Shoals Area
2162:Categories
1981:Washington
1901:New Mexico
1896:New Jersey
1771:California
1631:Downstream
1625:Wilson Dam
1415:(TVA site)
1361:TimesDaily
798:References
551:Henry Ford
547:John Weeks
465:river mile
425:Lauderdale
413:Wilson Dam
317:87°37′33″W
211:Wilson Dam
77:87°37′33″W
74:34°48′03″N
34:Wilson Dam
1991:Wisconsin
1956:Tennessee
1861:Minnesota
1836:Louisiana
1554:Nickajack
1544:Watts Bar
1310:0362-4331
485:megawatts
365:Architect
314:34°48′3″N
167:Reservoir
2147:Category
1976:Virginia
1926:Oklahoma
1906:New York
1881:Nebraska
1871:Missouri
1856:Michigan
1846:Maryland
1831:Kentucky
1811:Illinois
1786:Delaware
1776:Colorado
1766:Arkansas
1610:Upstream
1579:Kentucky
1385:"Wilson"
1195:cite web
1013:July 22,
841:series.
720:See also
605:Forces.
585:election
506:nitrates
469:Florence
423:between
380:66000147
141:Impounds
51:Location
2093:Related
1996:Wyoming
1971:Vermont
1876:Montana
1816:Indiana
1796:Georgia
1791:Florida
1761:Arizona
1751:Alabama
1564:Wheeler
1389:TVA.com
1335:TVA.com
1222:TVA.com
1112:TVA.com
944:May 16,
629:Gallery
491:History
433:Alabama
429:Colbert
419:on the
355: (
187:acre⋅ft
172:Creates
59:Alabama
1931:Oregon
1886:Nevada
1826:Kansas
1801:Hawaii
1756:Alaska
1692:Topics
1569:Wilson
1308:
516:. The
159:Length
151:Height
2063:Palau
1961:Texas
1841:Maine
1806:Idaho
1007:(PDF)
992:(PDF)
514:Chile
512:from
510:guano
415:is a
350:Built
2017:Guam
1966:Utah
1921:Ohio
1821:Iowa
1436:2008
1396:2021
1368:2021
1342:2021
1317:2021
1306:ISSN
1284:2021
1254:2021
1229:2021
1201:link
1187:2021
1156:2021
1119:2021
1094:2021
1069:2021
1015:2010
972:2008
946:2007
895:2007
829:2023
477:lock
471:and
427:and
357:1925
353:1925
342:Area
113:1924
105:1918
587:of
417:dam
375:No.
130:TVA
2164::
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359:)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
