573:
composers were often not interested in composing music for bands; this was due in large part to the instrumentation. Concert bands were (and still are) not standardized in their required type and number of instruments, making it nearly impossible to write the correct number of parts for the correct types of instruments. The quality of instruments also impacted composers' unwillingness to compose music for concert band. Wind instruments at that time were often difficult to play in tune and had difficulty in switching pitch and rhythm fast enough. This in turn influenced bands to stick with pieces that were transposed from
2104:
and into the concert hall, it has gained favor with composers, and now many works are being written specifically for the concert band and the wind ensemble. While today there are composers who write exclusively for band, it is worth noting that many composers famous for their work in other genres have given their talents to composition for wind bands as well. This is especially true in Japan, where an enormous market can be found for wind band compositions, which is largely due to commissions by the
672:
2043:
77:
1074:
36:
275:
251:
1023:
179:
830:, led to decline in community bands. This led to instrument manufacturers, who previously had marketed to the community bands, to focus on schools. The expansion of school music programs would eventually help restore interest in the community band as graduates sought to play in a band together again.
1994:
Percussion ensembles in concert bands can range from 2 to over 14 players. The type of percussion instruments used varies with the piece of music being played. Many percussion instruments from different cultures are used in a lot of contemporary concert band literature, especially in high school and
1938:
Trombone parts will usually be divided into three parts with the first two parts (trombones 1, 2) played by tenor trombones and the third played by a bass trombone. However, in rare cases where a fourth part is required, either trombone 3 is a tenor and trombone 4 is a bass, or trombones 3 and 4 are
1898:
Trumpet and cornet parts have often been considered interchangeable and are sometimes separated into 3 or 4 cornet parts and two trumpet parts; however, this practice is no longer used and is usually only seen in older (e.g. pre-1950) works and transcriptions. Trumpets are almost always in B♭ though
1064:
In many traditional U.S. high schools, there are multiple band levels, distinguished by skill level or other factors. In such schools, an audition may be required to advance to further band levels, while the common level would be open to anyone. For example, in many U.S. high schools, "Concert Band"
746:
Professional concert bands not associated with the military appear across the globe, particularly in developed countries. However, most do not offer full-time positions. The competition to make it into one of these concert bands is incredibly high and the ratio of performers to entrants is narrowly
721:
among others. As communication systems during war became more advanced, the use of instruments on the battlefield as signaling devices fell out of use. From then on, military bands would fulfill a ceremonial role, entertaining troops and playing for the community. As its role shifted so too did its
603:
It wasn't until the early 20th century that composers began writing works for concert band. Concert band composers of this time were frustrated at the lack of quality music for bands, and as such, began writing and performing pieces to remedy this. One of the first and most important original works
572:
The origins of concert band can be traced back to the French
Revolution, in which large bands would often gather for patriotic festivals and celebrations. These bands would play popular music that would immediately captivate the public's attention. Throughout the French Revolution, however, serious
2103:
Until early in the 20th century, there was little music written specifically for the wind band, which led to an extensive repertoire of pieces transcribed from orchestral works, or arranged from other sources. However, as the wind band moved out of the sole domain of the military marching ensemble
808:
The rise of the community band can partially be attributed to industrialization. As the instruments became easier to manufacture, their availability greatly increased. This meant that many amateurs could now form a town band, their arrangements typically consisting of patriotic tunes, marches, and
813:
marked a turning point in the
American community band where many military musicians, either stemming from amateur or professional backgrounds, sought to create their own community band after the war's conclusion. The large number of bands created during this era led to a "Golden Age of Bands",
1089:
Instrumentation for the wind band is not completely standardized; composers will frequently add or omit parts. Instruments and parts in parentheses in the list below are less common but still often used; due to the fact that some bands are missing these instruments, important lines for these
1177:
Complicated percussion parts are common in concert band pieces, often requiring many percussionists. Many believe this is a major difference between the orchestra (which usually lacks a large battery of percussion) and the concert band. While in older transcriptions and concert works,
2626:
During the early 21st century, organizations that promote band research began publishing more research on wind band-related topics: Germany-based IGEB (founded 1974), the World
Association of Symphonic Bands and Ensembles (WASBE, founded 1983), and US-based organizations
1243:. In the 19th century, band instruments became highly developed as they started to add keys and valves that made certain ranges and notes on instruments easier to navigate and perform, which became a huge game changer for all musicians.
1921:. There were usually copies of the parts in both F and E♭, for players to read off of based on the key of their instrument. Some modern publishers still include E♭ horn parts, which are merely duplicates of the F horn parts
1984:
Baritones and euphoniums are often used interchangeably, though some works have distinct parts for the two instruments. Most of the time when a composer writes for "baritone", they are actually thinking of the larger-bore
2124:
648:: a pool of players from which a composer can select in order to create different sonorities. According to Fennell, the wind ensemble was not revolutionary, but developed naturally out of the music.
797:
in a particular geographic area. It may be sponsored by the local (municipal) government or self-supporting. These groups rehearse regularly and perform at least once a year. Some bands are also
722:
instrumentation. A wider range of instruments was employed to play transcriptions of orchestral works, the bulk of the early wind band repertoire. These military bands evolved into the modern
2659:
1097:, or only two horn parts instead of four). This is both to limit the difficulty for inexperienced players and because schools frequently do not have access to the less common instruments.
1104:
A concert band can theoretically have as many as 200 members from a set of only 35 parts. The wind ensemble, on the other hand, will have very little doubling, if any; commonly,
1093:
Instrumentation differs depending on the type of ensemble. Middle school and high school bands frequently have more limited instrumentation and fewer parts (for example, no
632:
Before the 1950s, wind ensembles included various combinations of instruments. The modern "standard" instrumentation of the wind ensemble was more or less established by
600:
was when transcriptions of orchestral or operatic pieces were arranged and performed, as there were comparatively few original concert works for a large wind ensemble.
1065:
refers to the introductory level band, "Symphonic Band" is the title for the intermediate level band, and "Wind
Ensemble" is the title for the advanced level band.
921:
374:
2016:
String bass parts are typically included in more advanced band pieces and larger ensemble instrumentation. The string bass part is sometimes replaced with
1224:. The wind band's diverse instrumentation and large number of players makes it a very flexible ensemble, capable of producing a variety of sonic effects.
878:
801:, participating in parades and other outdoor events. Although they are volunteer musical organizations, community bands may employ an artistic director (
2282:
Over the last fifty years, many composers have written major works for wind ensemble. Some rose to prominence for helping to develop the concert band.
731:
448:
367:
396:
605:
2140:
Some of the most important people in establishing literature written specifically for concert band in the early and middle 20th century were:
3226:
3187:
3063:
410:
1227:
Instrumentation has developed throughout time to become more efficient for the conditions that marching bands need to play in. For example,
3428:
417:
991:
2855:
403:
2631:(founded 1988), National Band Association (NBA, founded 1960), and College Band Directors National Association (CBDNA, founded 1941).
2979:
2679:
3100:
2090:
1119:, and others will have one player per part, as dictated by the requirements of a specific composition. It is also common to see two
237:
219:
160:
63:
2020:
in certain contemporary band pieces. Some high schools and most college and professional bands will have a bassist in the ensemble.
3823:
2674:
2654:
2620:
903:
860:
3311:
2601:
1575:
934:
2642:
on
Japanese and Polynesian bands, Patrick M. Jones on US military bands, and David Whitwell on European bands and repertoire.
2113:
2068:
98:
141:
2064:
1917:
In older works, there was often a middle brass part that could be played on either alto/tenor horn in E♭, French horn, or
1717:
1607:
1197:
909:
723:
441:
94:
49:
113:
3286:
Initiatives expanded in recent decades include a research award, digital books, biography series, and monograph series.
3214:
A History of the United States Air Force Band and Its
Relationship to Music Education: The Foundational Years, 1941-1945
3092:
2696:
2669:
2635:
1189:
1163:
1100:
The standard concert band will have several players on each part depending on available personnel and the preference of
2983:
2882:
2634:
Internationally notable wind-band researchers include
Vincent Dubois on French bands, Paul Niemisto on Finnish bands,
2605:
2263:
581:
3003:
2053:
726:
and helped to spread the idea of a concert band. A modern military will often have multiple types of bands (e.g. the
197:
120:
2664:
2541:
2109:
2105:
897:
767:
757:
727:
585:
2072:
2057:
560:, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band strictly performs as a
87:
959:
884:
872:
735:
3421:
3365:
2829:
2415:
2336:
972:
947:
434:
3028:
2769:
1142:
are often scored for. The use of a harp dates back to its inclusion in the professional and military bands of
127:
3490:
2963:
2400:
2341:
2301:
2291:
1889:). However, this practice has generally been discontinued with two alto saxophones almost always called for.
1192:
often call on players to use unusual instruments or effects. For example, several pieces call on the use of
1186:
the percussion section. Consequently, the timpani player often will double on other percussion instruments.
1159:
978:
915:
866:
676:
637:
553:
706:
are thought to be the oldest variety of military marching band in the world, dating from the 13th century.
3818:
2628:
2467:
2258:
2149:
1637:
1004:
854:
613:
3400:
189:
109:
3240:
2691:
2556:
2497:
1265:
1109:
1050:
703:
641:
502:
3390:
709:
Military bands were originally used to control troops on the battlefield,By using instruments such as
1369:
1147:
953:
751:
302:
1850:
Clarinets in A are sometimes used in professional concert bands, generally with a similar intent as
517:. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as
3480:
3414:
2507:
2218:
1876:
In most cases, if a soprano saxophone is called for, it will replace the first alto saxophone part.
1493:
1373:
1235:
and became more widely used in the 18th century. More heavy and bulky instruments were replaced by
1046:
772:
494:
2743:
3753:
3693:
3554:
3465:
3156:
2944:
2860:
2798:
2331:
1851:
1406:
1193:
810:
597:
1182:
were treated as their own section as in an orchestra, today in bands the timpani are considered
3395:
3470:
3232:
3222:
3218:
3193:
3183:
3148:
3106:
3096:
3069:
3059:
2716:
2531:
2521:
2512:
2482:
2385:
2370:
2243:
2233:
2164:
2159:
1925:
to E♭. Alto/tenor horns are especially common in
Britain, where they are often referred to as
1886:
1683:
1388:
1151:
1143:
1082:
842:
815:
761:
718:
699:
633:
201:
55:
3128:
2906:
2886:
686:
is a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the
3728:
3683:
3594:
3559:
3544:
3475:
3140:
2814:
2561:
2526:
2390:
2380:
2346:
1338:
1171:
1078:
498:
292:
2638:
on wind-band conductors, Jill M. Sullivan on US women's bands, Frank
Battisti on US bands,
790:
A community band is a concert band or brass band ensemble composed of volunteer (non-paid)
3748:
3495:
3179:
2442:
2430:
2405:
2351:
2316:
2248:
2238:
2213:
2117:
1790:
1443:
1401:
1327:
1213:
819:
533:
526:
347:
266:
134:
3319:
1134:
While largely made up of wind and percussion instruments, string instruments such as the
851:, the oldest American civilian band, Allentown, Pennsylvania, conducted by Ronald Demkee
3743:
3564:
2477:
2447:
2420:
2410:
2326:
2321:
2306:
2296:
2204:
2199:
2184:
2169:
2121:
1693:
1476:
1413:
1395:
848:
785:
710:
666:
617:
297:
1899:
models in E♭, D, and C were used commonly in the heyday of professional concert bands.
671:
3812:
3738:
3688:
3619:
3549:
3521:
3485:
3160:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2546:
2487:
2425:
2311:
2179:
2154:
1855:
1753:
1643:
1627:
1548:
1513:
1502:
1486:
1357:
1350:
1316:
1128:
1054:
798:
662:
621:
593:
589:
557:
537:
342:
307:
1154:, who was one of the first female instrumentalists to tour with the Sousa Band, and
3340:
2639:
2536:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2395:
2356:
2228:
2194:
2189:
2174:
1728:
1648:
1597:
1155:
1035:
687:
609:
580:
During the 19th century, large ensembles of wind and percussion instruments in the
3262:
690:. A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments. The
596:. The only time wind bands were used in a concert setting comparable to that of a
592:
for ceremonial and festive occasions, and the works performed consisted mostly of
3244:
1885:
In very rare cases, only a single alto saxophone will be called for (e.g., Holst
1867:
The contrabass clarinet part is usually provided in both B♭ and E♭ (contra-alto).
3783:
3758:
3656:
3604:
3124:
2571:
2502:
2375:
2365:
2253:
2223:
2042:
2017:
1972:
1962:
1797:
1768:
1673:
1632:
1555:
1470:
1301:
1201:
1135:
1094:
1058:
1017:
545:
522:
514:
510:
327:
76:
3406:
3144:
2127:, the longest-running commissioning series for wind band in the United States.
3788:
3636:
3516:
3511:
3236:
3212:
3152:
3073:
2551:
2492:
2452:
1918:
1775:
1748:
1653:
1612:
1592:
1582:
1509:
1462:
1452:
1286:
1277:
1170:, a practice unique to the ensemble that dates back to the tenure of director
1139:
1101:
1073:
1042:
827:
802:
695:
691:
541:
3197:
3773:
3455:
3437:
3110:
2004:
Timpani are always included in percussion parts; they have their own stave,
1958:
1733:
1703:
1698:
1678:
1668:
1587:
1124:
1077:
The early instrumentation of a large concert band (including violin soloist
645:
574:
549:
3053:
1150:. Such bands would often contain the top harpists of the country, such as
250:
17:
3768:
3614:
3248:
1743:
1708:
1622:
1617:
1334:
1236:
1228:
1217:
1105:
794:
2948:
2932:
1022:
937:, Vancouver. David Branter, Resident Conductor and Acting Music Director
577:
movements and arrangements, something that has carried into modern day.
274:
3793:
3763:
3733:
3713:
3631:
3609:
3599:
3004:"A History of the Wind Band: The Nineteenth-Century American Wind Band"
1738:
1723:
1688:
1602:
1541:
1427:
1308:
1255:
1209:
1205:
1179:
1031:
791:
561:
3381:
Community-Music—a resource for community band musicians and conductors
1041:
together. A school band is usually under the direction of one or more
3641:
3176:
Nineteenth- and
Twentieth-century Harpists: A Bio-critical Sourcebook
1663:
1431:
1240:
1113:
3380:
3288:
IGEB: International Society for Research and Promotion of Wind Music
2770:"No strings attached: get to know the instruments in a concert band"
747:
small. Examples of professional non-military concert bands include:
3385:
612:, was written in 1909. Other composers of this time period include
3718:
3651:
3646:
3584:
3299:
2615:
Research on wind-band topics began in earnest in 1964 through the
1783:
1658:
1534:
1221:
1167:
1072:
1038:
1021:
823:
714:
670:
518:
332:
1854:
for which B♭ or A clarinets are substituted to simplify a part's
3778:
3723:
3626:
3589:
3396:
Directory of Canadian Community Concert Bands and Wind Ensembles
3391:
Directory of American Community Concert Bands and Wind Ensembles
2005:
1523:
1293:
1232:
1120:
506:
3410:
1939:
both Bass. Scores will typically notate which one is preferred.
822:. The new forms of twentieth-century entertainment, namely the
3403:, by David G. Hebert (Dordrecht and New York: Springer, 2012).
2036:
172:
70:
29:
2285:
2143:
1246:
273:
254:
A full concert band—Indiana Wind Symphony in concert, 2014
2660:
British Association of Symphonic Bands and Wind Ensembles
3287:
2933:"Research on Community Bands: Past, Present, and Future"
2856:"Frederick Fennell, 90, Innovative Band Conductor, Dies"
1957:
The baritone/euphonium part is usually provided in both
1026:
A high school concert band—BHS Band in performance, 2013
981:, Bergen, conducted by Tormod Flaten and Bjørn Breistein
775:, created by royal decree in 1836 by King Kamehameha III
505:
families of instruments, and occasionally including the
493:, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the
1053:
instruments, although upper level bands may also have
912:, Warrington, Cheshire, conducted by Catherine Tackley
906:, Newark, Nottinghamshire, conducted by Colum J O'Shea
845:, Providence, Rhode Island, conducted by Brian Cardany
2744:"Concert Band 101: An introduction to wind ensembles"
875:, Salt Lake City, Utah, conducted by Thomas P. Rohrer
3401:
Wind Bands and Cultural Identity in Japanese Schools
2965:
The American Community Band: History and Development
3706:
3676:
3669:
3577:
3537:
3530:
3504:
3448:
2980:"Band concert to feature the 'Golden Age of Bands'"
869:, Evanston, Illinois, conducted by Mallory Thompson
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1823:If called for, sometimes doubled by flute 2 or 3.
863:, New York, New York, conducted by Kelly Watkins
3058:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2792:
2790:
2108:and leading professional ensembles such as the
1948:If called for, sometimes doubled by trombone 1.
532:Concert band music generally includes original
3298:WASBE Journal became peer-reviewed from 2006.
1908:If called for, sometimes doubled by trumpet 1.
1841:If called for, sometimes doubled by bassoon 2.
1231:were found to be more suitable than the older
922:National Youth Wind Orchestra of Great Britain
3422:
1090:instruments are often cued into other parts.
994:, Troviscal—Aveiro, conducted by André Granjo
588:traditions existed mainly in the form of the
442:
8:
1045:(band directors). A school band consists of
552:. Though the concert band does have similar
200:. There might be a discussion about this on
2071:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1832:If called for, sometimes doubled by oboe 2.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3703:
3673:
3574:
3534:
3429:
3415:
3407:
1131:playing the same part in a wind ensemble.
887:, Pittsburgh, PA, conducted by Susan Sands
449:
435:
257:
2717:"Ultimate Guide: What is a Concert Band?"
2091:Learn how and when to remove this message
1112:may be doubled, especially to handle any
881:, New York, NY, conducted by Tom Goodkind
857:, Brooklyn, NY, conducted by Jeff W. Ball
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
3089:The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa
2907:"History of Bands in World War 1 Part 1"
2650:Some notable band associations include:
1819:
1817:
764:, and currently conducted by Takeshi Ooi
249:
2708:
1813:
950:, Sydney, James Brice, Musical Director
265:
1196:while others will ask players to play
694:of a band commonly bears the title of
3211:Schofield, Donald Edward Jr. (2017).
7:
2854:Wakin, Daniel J. (9 December 2004).
2830:"Learning to Listen: Back to School"
2742:Harpstead, Ella (3 September 2019).
2131:Prominent composers for concert band
2069:adding citations to reliable sources
99:adding citations to reliable sources
3364:CBDNA Journal established in 2010.
3029:"School bands in the United States"
2805:. OpenStax CNX. pp. 31–39 (34)
1034:musicians who rehearse and perform
2768:Harpstead, Ella (26 August 2019).
2680:National Band Council of Australia
1007:, Vantaa, conducted by Kimmo Nurmi
814:spearheaded by conductors such as
25:
3129:"The String Bass in a Wind Group"
2828:Reese, Emily (9 September 2013).
2596:Important concert band literature
861:Lesbian & Gay Big Apple Corps
833:Notable community bands include:
45:This article has multiple issues.
2937:Contributions to Music Education
2675:Lesbian and Gay Band Association
2655:American Bandmasters Association
2621:American Bandmasters Association
2278:Late 20th century to the present
2041:
1379:often one of either, rarely both
904:Newark and Sherwood Concert Band
805:) or various operational staff.
177:
75:
34:
2799:"A Short History of Wind Bands"
2602:List of concert band literature
935:Pacific Symphonic Wind Ensemble
644:in 1952 after the model of the
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3314:Historic Brass Society Journal
2968:(MA thesis). Marshall College.
2114:Osaka Municipal Symphonic Band
1718:pitched percussion instruments
992:União Filarmónica do Troviscal
956:, Mark Brown, Musical Director
1:
3127:; Neubert, David (May 1988).
1085:during their 1911 world tour.
910:North Cheshire Wind Orchestra
375:International Association for
3267:The Journal of Band Research
3093:University of Illinois Press
2911:Taps Bugler: Jari Villanueva
2697:United States military bands
2670:Association of Concert Bands
2136:Early to middle 20th century
1164:United States Air Force Band
1030:A school band is a group of
918:, conducted by Robert Parker
3345:Nationalbandassociation.org
3027:Guion, David (2019-09-02).
2984:State College, Pennsylvania
2883:Turkish Cultural Foundation
2606:Symphonies for concert band
2033:Development of a repertoire
677:The United States Army Band
361:International organizations
3840:
3312:"Historic Brass Society –
3145:10.1177/000313138803800225
2797:Schmidt-Jones, Catherine.
2665:All Japan Band Association
2599:
2110:Tokyo Kosei Wind Orchestra
2106:All-Japan Band Association
1015:
900:, conducted by Keith Allen
898:Birmingham Symphonic Winds
783:
768:Osaka Shion Wind Orchestra
758:Tokyo Kosei Wind Orchestra
728:United States Marine Corps
660:
3087:Bierley, Paul E. (2006).
1190:Contemporary compositions
960:Queensland Wind Orchestra
885:East Winds Symphonic Band
873:Salt Lake Symphonic Winds
411:American Choral Directors
390:US national organizations
368:International Society for
2803:A Parent's Guide to Band
2617:Journal of Band Research
1328:Sopranino clarinet in E♭
1049:, brass instruments and
973:Dragefjellets Musikkorps
962:, conducted by David Law
948:North West Wind Ensemble
760:, led for many years by
418:American String Teachers
397:National Association for
3824:Types of musical groups
3491:Conductorless orchestra
3386:The Concert Band Portal
3133:American String Teacher
3033:Musicology for Everyone
2931:Rohwer, Debbie (2016).
1160:United States Navy Band
979:Sandvikens Ungdomskorps
975:(Bergen Symphonic Band)
916:Nottingham Concert Band
867:Northshore Concert Band
638:Eastman School of Music
491:symphonic wind ensemble
404:Music Teachers National
2629:Historic Brass Society
2619:, affiliated with the
2259:Ralph Vaughan Williams
2150:Robert Russell Bennett
1158:, who played with the
1086:
1083:John Philip Sousa Band
1027:
1005:Tikkurilan Soittokunta
855:Brooklyn Wind Symphony
704:Ottoman military bands
679:
614:Ralph Vaughan Williams
321:Instructional settings
278:
255:
3174:Govea, W. M. (1995).
3052:Newton, Bret (2016).
2962:Hartz, Jason (2003).
2692:Ottoman military band
2557:Karlheinz Stockhausen
2125:Commissioning Program
2006:notated in bass clef.
1919:mellophone in F or E♭
1076:
1025:
754:, led by Jerry Junkin
674:
642:Eastman Wind Ensemble
277:
253:
3182:. pp. 20, 249.
2065:improve this section
1961:(concert pitch) and
1852:symphonic orchestras
1370:Contra-alto clarinet
1148:Edwin Franko Goldman
1047:woodwind instruments
954:Sydney Wind Symphony
924:, various conductors
752:Dallas Wind Symphony
732:drum and bugle corps
724:drum and bugle corps
606:First Suite for Band
540:, transcriptions of
303:Dalcroze Eurhythmics
190:confusing or unclear
95:improve this article
3481:Percussion ensemble
2887:"Military (mehter)"
2508:Vincent Persichetti
2219:Vincent Persichetti
1494:Contrabass trombone
1374:Contrabass clarinet
879:The TriBattery Pops
809:popular music. The
773:Royal Hawaiian Band
562:stationary ensemble
286:Major methodologies
261:Part of a series on
198:clarify the article
27:Performing ensemble
3754:Baritone saxophone
3055:Band Orchestration
2861:The New York Times
2611:Wind-band research
2332:John Barnes Chance
1407:Baritone saxophone
1087:
1081:) is shown by the
1028:
811:American Civil War
742:Professional bands
680:
604:for concert band,
598:symphony orchestra
279:
256:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3702:
3701:
3665:
3664:
3573:
3572:
3471:Chamber orchestra
3228:978-1-369-86947-7
3219:Boston University
3189:978-0-313-36946-9
3065:978-1-5376-1984-2
2723:. 23 January 2019
2646:Band associations
2592:
2591:
2532:Joseph Schwantner
2522:Richard St. Clair
2513:Jan Van der Roost
2483:W. Francis McBeth
2386:David Del Tredici
2371:Michael Daugherty
2274:
2273:
2244:John Philip Sousa
2234:Arnold Schoenberg
2165:Vittorio Giannini
2160:Norman Dello Joio
2116:, as well as the
2101:
2100:
2093:
1809:
1808:
1389:Soprano saxophone
1335:Soprano clarinets
1152:Winifred Bambrick
1144:John Philip Sousa
843:The American Band
816:John Philip Sousa
762:Frederick Fennell
700:Director of Music
634:Frederick Fennell
459:
458:
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
222:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3831:
3704:
3674:
3575:
3535:
3476:String orchestra
3431:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3318:. Archived from
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3008:ww2.lipscomb.edu
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2815:Internet Archive
2812:
2810:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2636:Frederick Harris
2562:James Swearingen
2527:Gunther Schuller
2391:David Gillingham
2381:Elliot del Borgo
2347:Michael Colgrass
2286:
2264:Clifton Williams
2144:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2045:
2037:
2021:
2018:an electric bass
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1463:Alto/tenor horns
1247:
1220:or even crinkle
1172:George S. Howard
1079:Nicoline Zedeler
675:A military band—
465:, also called a
451:
444:
437:
258:
243:
236:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3798:
3749:Tenor saxophone
3698:
3661:
3569:
3526:
3500:
3496:Radio orchestra
3444:
3435:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3323:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3229:
3221:. p. 119.
3210:
3209:
3205:
3190:
3180:Greenwood Press
3173:
3172:
3168:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3103:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3066:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2808:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2688:
2648:
2613:
2608:
2600:See article at
2598:
2593:
2542:Robert W. Smith
2443:David Holsinger
2436:
2431:Jennifer Higdon
2406:Donald Grantham
2352:John Corigliano
2317:Derek Bourgeois
2280:
2275:
2249:Igor Stravinsky
2239:Claude T. Smith
2214:Vaclav Nelhybel
2138:
2133:
2118:Kappa Kappa Psi
2097:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2062:
2046:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1975:below written).
1967:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1791:Electric guitar
1562:
1477:Tenor trombones
1444:Piccolo trumpet
1434:in B♭ 1, 2, 3 (
1402:Tenor saxophone
1396:Alto saxophones
1222:sheets of paper
1162:. Notably, the
1071:
1069:Instrumentation
1020:
1014:
820:Patrick Gilmore
788:
782:
780:Community bands
744:
669:
661:Main articles:
659:
654:
630:
628:Instrumentation
570:
554:instrumentation
538:concert marches
527:electric guitar
487:symphonic winds
455:
426:
425:
424:
419:
412:
405:
399:Music Education
398:
391:
383:
382:
381:
376:
370:Music Education
369:
362:
354:
353:
352:
348:Youth orchestra
322:
314:
313:
312:
287:
267:Music education
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
195:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Alto saxophone
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3375:External links
3373:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3332:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3254:
3227:
3203:
3188:
3166:
3116:
3101:
3095:. p. 10.
3079:
3064:
3044:
3019:
2995:
2971:
2954:
2923:
2898:
2874:
2846:
2834:Your Classical
2820:
2786:
2774:Your Classical
2760:
2748:Your Classical
2734:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2644:
2612:
2609:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:David Maslanka
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Alan Hovhaness
2445:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Samuel R. Hazo
2418:
2413:
2411:Edward Gregson
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Mark Camphouse
2324:
2322:Jerry Brubaker
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Leslie Bassett
2304:
2299:
2297:Brian Balmages
2294:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:Martin Mailman
2202:
2200:Darius Milhaud
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:Paul Hindemith
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:Percy Grainger
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2122:Tau Beta Sigma
2099:
2098:
2049:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2009:
1997:
1995:college bands.
1987:
1977:
1950:
1941:
1931:
1910:
1901:
1891:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:Finger cymbals
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1635:
1630:
1628:Slide whistles
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1514:baritone horns
1507:
1498:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1439:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:Bass saxophone
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1365:
1358:Bass clarinets
1355:
1346:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1245:
1102:the conductor.
1070:
1067:
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
996:
995:
983:
982:
976:
964:
963:
957:
951:
939:
938:
926:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
892:United Kingdom
889:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
849:Allentown Band
846:
799:marching bands
786:Community band
784:Main article:
781:
778:
777:
776:
770:
765:
755:
743:
740:
667:Corps of drums
658:
657:Military bands
655:
653:
650:
629:
626:
618:Richard Wagner
569:
566:
544:arrangements,
536:compositions,
483:symphonic band
479:wind orchestra
457:
456:
454:
453:
446:
439:
431:
428:
427:
423:
422:
415:
408:
401:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
380:
379:
377:Jazz Education
372:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
300:
298:Orff Schulwerk
295:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
270:
269:
263:
262:
246:
245:
228:
227:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
110:"Concert band"
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3836:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Concert bands
3817:
3816:
3814:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Bass clarinet
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3620:Bass trombone
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3522:Concertmaster
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Pit orchestra
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3442:Concert bands
3439:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3366:CBDNA Journal
3361:
3358:
3346:
3342:
3341:"NBA Journal"
3336:
3333:
3322:on 2020-08-06
3321:
3317:
3315:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:WASBE Journal
3295:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3102:0-252-03147-4
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3045:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2582:John Zdechlik
2580:
2578:
2577:Eric Whitacre
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Frank Ticheli
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Philip Sparke
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Johan de Meij
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Frigyes Hidas
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Jacob de Haan
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Steven Bryant
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:Warren Benson
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Howard Hanson
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Aaron Copland
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2095:
2092:
2084:
2081:February 2017
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2050:This section
2048:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:, sounding a
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:key signature
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Glockenspiels
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:temple blocks
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:Alto trombone
1499:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1487:Bass trombone
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:Alto clarinet
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Contrabassoon
1313:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:string basses
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
989:
988:
987:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
936:
933:
932:
931:
930:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
894:
893:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
834:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
793:
787:
779:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
748:
741:
739:
737:
736:wind ensemble
733:
729:
725:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:military band
678:
673:
668:
664:
663:Military band
656:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
625:
623:
622:Aaron Copland
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
599:
595:
591:
590:military band
587:
583:
578:
576:
567:
565:
563:
559:
558:marching band
555:
551:
550:popular music
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:wind symphony
472:
471:wind ensemble
468:
464:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
433:
432:
430:
429:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
400:
395:
394:
387:
386:
378:
373:
371:
366:
365:
358:
357:
349:
346:
344:
343:Marching band
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
318:
317:
309:
308:Suzuki method
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:Kodály method
291:
290:
283:
282:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
260:
259:
252:
242:
239:
224:
221:
213:
210:November 2022
203:
202:the talk page
199:
193:
191:
186:This article
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3670:Concert band
3461:Concert band
3460:
3441:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3344:
3335:
3324:. Retrieved
3320:the original
3313:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3247:– via
3213:
3206:
3175:
3169:
3139:(2): 66–69.
3136:
3132:
3125:Reed, Alfred
3119:
3088:
3082:
3054:
3047:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3011:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2987:. Retrieved
2974:
2964:
2957:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2915:. Retrieved
2913:. 2019-08-01
2910:
2901:
2890:. Retrieved
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2859:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2833:
2823:
2813:– via
2807:. Retrieved
2802:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:Dawkes Music
2720:
2711:
2649:
2640:David Hebert
2633:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2586:
2537:Alex Shapiro
2473:Timothy Mahr
2463:Robert Jager
2458:Yasuhide Ito
2435:
2401:Peter Graham
2396:Julie Giroux
2357:James Curnow
2342:Nigel Clarke
2302:James Barnes
2292:Samuel Adler
2281:
2268:
2229:H. Owen Reed
2195:Gordon Jacob
2190:Gustav Holst
2175:Morton Gould
2139:
2102:
2087:
2078:
2063:Please help
2051:
2012:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1953:
1944:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1894:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1767:
1716:Examples of
1715:
1640:
1633:Sleigh bells
1574:Examples of
1573:
1561:
1556:Synthesizers
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1517:
1501:
1492:
1480:
1461:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1412:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1361:
1349:
1342:
1326:
1314:
1302:English horn
1299:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1226:
1202:whirly tubes
1188:
1183:
1176:
1156:Victor Salvi
1140:concert harp
1133:
1114:
1099:
1095:double reeds
1092:
1088:
1063:
1036:instrumental
1029:
1012:School bands
998:
997:
985:
984:
966:
965:
941:
940:
928:
927:
891:
890:
836:
835:
832:
807:
789:
745:
708:
688:armed forces
683:
681:
631:
610:Gustav Holst
602:
579:
571:
531:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:concert band
462:
460:
338:Concert band
337:
234:
216:
207:
196:Please help
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3784:Double bass
3759:French horn
3707:Instruments
3657:Double bass
3605:French horn
3578:Instruments
2572:Fisher Tull
2503:Carter Pann
2468:John Mackey
2376:Ingolf Dahl
2366:Greg Danner
2254:Fisher Tull
2224:Alfred Reed
1963:treble clef
1887:Band Suites
1798:Bass guitar
1769:String bass
1679:Rain sticks
1674:Wind chimes
1638:Wood blocks
1613:Tambourines
1593:Tenor drums
1583:Snare drums
1576:non-pitched
1465:in E♭ 1, 2
1453:Flugelhorns
1180:the timpani
1166:scores for
1136:string bass
1059:bass guitar
1018:School band
730:has both a
652:Bands today
546:light music
523:synthesizer
515:bass guitar
511:double bass
420:Association
413:Association
406:Association
328:School band
3813:Categories
3789:Percussion
3694:Percussion
3637:Percussion
3555:Percussion
3517:Bandmaster
3466:Brass band
3438:Orchestras
3326:2020-07-05
3263:"JBR Home"
3245:1917411365
3237:8518794570
3153:7254879185
3074:1035017338
3038:2020-11-11
3013:2020-11-11
2989:2020-11-11
2917:2020-11-11
2892:2013-08-09
2703:References
2552:Jack Stamp
2498:Ron Nelson
2493:Lior Navok
2453:Karel Husa
2028:Repertoire
1985:euphonium.
1923:transposed
1749:Vibraphone
1734:Xylophones
1669:Vibraslaps
1588:Bass drums
1568:Percussion
1510:Euphoniums
1473:1, 2, 3, 4
1471:Horns in F
1287:Bass flute
1278:Alto flute
1125:euphoniums
1051:percussion
1043:conductors
828:phonograph
696:Bandmaster
575:orchestral
542:orchestral
503:percussion
192:to readers
151:March 2013
121:newspapers
50:improve it
18:Wind bands
3774:Euphonium
3531:Orchestra
3512:Conductor
3456:Orchestra
3449:Ensembles
3198:650310430
3161:125597639
2943:: 15–30.
2052:does not
1973:major 9th
1959:bass clef
1704:Bell tree
1699:Mark tree
1608:Triangles
1530:Keyboards
1467:(, 3, 4))
1436:, 4, 5, 6
1341:1, 2, 3 (
1252:Woodwinds
1237:trombones
1229:clarinets
1198:recorders
1184:a part of
1129:baritones
1106:clarinets
942:Australia
803:conductor
795:musicians
692:conductor
646:orchestra
467:wind band
56:talk page
3769:Trombone
3729:Clarinet
3684:Woodwind
3677:Sections
3615:Trombone
3595:Clarinet
3560:Keyboard
3545:Woodwind
3538:Sections
3350:22 April
3272:22 April
3249:ProQuest
3241:ProQuest
3111:67345796
2949:24711126
2867:22 April
2686:See also
1968:♭
1744:Crotales
1709:Drum set
1649:Tom-toms
1623:Timbales
1603:Tam-tams
1428:Trumpets
1309:Bassoons
1256:Piccolos
1204:, or to
1123:and two
1117:passages
986:Portugal
586:American
495:woodwind
3794:Timpani
3764:Trumpet
3734:Bassoon
3714:Piccolo
3632:Timpani
3610:Trumpet
3600:Bassoon
3505:Leaders
2809:8 March
2073:removed
2058:sources
1764:Strings
1739:Marimba
1724:Timpani
1689:Maracas
1598:Cymbals
1578:choices
1542:Celesta
1455:in B♭ 1
1432:cornets
1241:cornets
1194:a siren
1032:student
999:Finland
792:amateur
640:as the
594:marches
582:British
568:Origins
556:to the
485:, the
188:may be
135:scholar
3642:Violin
3565:String
3243:
3235:
3225:
3196:
3186:
3159:
3151:
3109:
3099:
3072:
3062:
2947:
2839:2 June
2779:1 June
2753:1 June
2727:1 June
2587:
2269:
1929:horns.
1804:
1779:(1, 2)
1754:Chimes
1664:Claves
1659:Congas
1654:Bongos
1618:Güiros
1479:1, 2 (
1457:(, 2))
1343:, 4, 5
1268:1, 2 (
1266:Flutes
1168:cellos
1115:divisi
1110:flutes
967:Norway
929:Canada
837:U.S.A.
717:, and
715:bugles
620:, and
548:, and
501:, and
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
3719:Flute
3689:Brass
3652:Cello
3647:Viola
3585:Flute
3550:Brass
3157:S2CID
2945:JSTOR
1965:(in B
1927:tenor
1784:Cello
1684:Whips
1549:Organ
1535:Piano
1524:Tubas
1422:Brass
1294:Oboes
1233:oboes
1121:tubas
1039:music
824:radio
719:fifes
711:drums
525:, or
519:piano
513:, or
499:brass
489:, or
333:Choir
142:JSTOR
128:books
3779:Tuba
3724:Oboe
3627:Tuba
3590:Oboe
3440:and
3352:2021
3274:2021
3233:OCLC
3223:ISBN
3194:OCLC
3184:ISBN
3149:OCLC
3107:OCLC
3097:ISBN
3070:OCLC
3060:ISBN
2869:2021
2841:2022
2811:2024
2781:2022
2755:2022
2729:2022
2604:and
2120:and
2112:and
2056:any
2054:cite
1776:Harp
1398:1, 2
1311:1, 2
1296:1, 2
1239:and
1218:clap
1214:snap
1206:sing
1146:and
1138:and
826:and
818:and
734:and
665:and
584:and
534:wind
507:harp
114:news
3141:doi
2623:.
2067:by
1518:, 2
1516:1 (
1512:or
1481:, 3
1430:or
1377:) (
1362:, 2
1360:1 (
1337:in
1270:, 3
1260:, 2
1258:1 (
1210:hum
1127:or
1108:or
1057:or
738:).
698:or
636:at
608:by
97:by
3815::
3343:.
3265:.
3239:.
3231:.
3217:.
3192:.
3178:.
3155:.
3147:.
3137:38
3135:.
3131:.
3105:.
3091:.
3068:.
3031:.
3006:.
2982:.
2941:41
2939:.
2935:.
2909:.
2885:.
2858:.
2832:.
2801:.
2789:^
2772:.
2746:.
2719:.
1816:^
1641:or
1339:B♭
1216:,
1212:,
1208:,
1200:,
1174:.
1061:.
713:,
702:.
682:A
624:.
616:,
564:.
529:.
521:,
509:,
497:,
481:,
477:,
473:,
469:,
461:A
59:.
3430:e
3423:t
3416:v
3354:.
3329:.
3316:"
3276:.
3251:.
3200:.
3163:.
3143::
3113:.
3076:.
3041:.
3016:.
2992:.
2951:.
2920:.
2895:.
2871:.
2843:.
2817:.
2783:.
2757:.
2731:.
2094:)
2088:(
2083:)
2079:(
2075:.
2061:.
1858:.
1520:)
1506:)
1500:(
1497:)
1491:(
1483:)
1460:(
1450:(
1447:)
1441:(
1438:)
1417:)
1411:(
1392:)
1386:(
1381:)
1372:/
1367:(
1364:)
1354:)
1348:(
1345:)
1331:)
1325:(
1319:)
1315:(
1304:)
1300:(
1289:)
1285:(
1280:)
1276:(
1272:)
1262:)
450:e
443:t
436:v
241:)
235:(
223:)
217:(
212:)
208:(
204:.
194:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
