54:
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592:. Due to its improvements, Microsoft Windows gained more popularity after its release and its interface was considered to be easier to manage. Stewart Alsop II predicted in January 1988 that "Any transition to a graphical environment on IBM-style machines is bound to be maddeningly slow and driven strictly by market forces", because the GUI had "serious deficiencies" and users had to switch to DOS for many tasks.
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The
Windows API functions are largely handled by KERNEL.EXE, USER.EXE, and GDI.EXE. These files along with device drivers, printer drivers being the exception, are combined by the Windows setup program into WIN200.BIN and WIN200.OVL. The system files WINOLDAP.MOD and WINOLDAP.GRB are used to run
660:
and that
Windows 2.0 violated this copyright by having the same icons. The judge ruled in favor of Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft on all but 10 of the 189 graphical user interface elements on which Apple sued, and the court found the remaining 10 GUI elements could not be copyrighted.
356:
programs to run in parallel in "virtual 8086" CPU mode, rather than always suspending background applications. With the exception of a few kilobytes of overhead, each DOS application could use any available low memory before
Windows was started. Windows/386 also provided
2191:
1771:
63:
361:, using the memory management features of the i386 to make RAM beyond 640k behave like the banked memory previously only supplied by add-in cards and used by popular DOS applications. There was no support for disk-based
607:
The operating environment cost $ 99. Sales of
Microsoft Windows reached one million in 1988, and by January 1990, it had reached less than two million, although Windows 2.0 was not widely used. It was succeeded by
2175:
263:
Noted as an improvement of its predecessor, Microsoft
Windows gained more sales and popularity after the release of the operating environment, although it is also considered to be the incarnation that remained a
272:
had filed a lawsuit against
Microsoft in March 1988 after accusing them of violating copyrights Apple held; in the end, however, the judge ruled in favor of Microsoft. The operating environment was succeeded by
2042:
1802:
604:
magazine listed the variant as among the "distinction" winner of the BYTE Awards in 1989, describing it as a "serious competition for OS/2" as it "taps into the power of the 80386".
2109:
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1674:
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325:, which had an option to ship with a "DOS 4.00 and Windows kit" for educational markets, shipped Windows with 8086 hardware. The basic edition would be later renamed to
2267:
340:, was available as early as September 1987, pre-dating the release of Windows 2.0 in December 1987. It was much more advanced than its other sibling. It introduced a
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384:, which have their own extended memory management and run in protected mode as well. This was remedied in version 3.0, which is compatible with
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365:, so multiple DOS programs had to fit inside the available physical memory. Users could run more applications on the 386 version.
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Unlike its predecessor, Windows 2.0 allows the user to overlap and resize application windows. It has also introduced
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236:. Windows 2.0 differs from its predecessor by allowing users to overlap and resize application windows, while the
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MCSA/MCSE managing and maintaining a
Windows server 2003 environment: exam 70-290 study guide and DVD training
53:
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The operating environment is shipped with fifteen programs, and it also introduced the GUI based programs
98:
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1569:
648:, accusing them of violating copyrights Apple held on the Macintosh System Software. Apple claimed the "
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286:
237:
416:, and the terminology "minimize" and "maximize", as opposed to "iconize" and "zoom" which was used in
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392:(DPMI) in "386 enhanced" mode. Microsoft ended its support for Windows 2.0 on December 31, 2001.
2248:. John Daintith, Edmund Wright, Inc Facts on File. New York: Facts On File. 2006. p. 240.
1176:
Ray Duncan (September 1987). "Character-Oriented
Display Services Using OS/2's VIO Subsystem".
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Windows 2.0 is considered to be an incremental improvement of its predecessor, but still a
455:
were also developed for
Windows 2.0. It is also the first Windows version to integrate the
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Incorporating the digital commons: corporate involvement in free and open source software
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1056:
Across the Divide: Navigating the
Digital Revolution as a Woman, Entrepreneur and CEO
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microprocessor. Despite its configuration, the variant was fully operational on an
249:
2540:
478:, and the two companies stated that it and Windows 2.0 would be almost identical.
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1667:"From Windows 1.0 to Windows 10: A history of Microsoft's signature PC software"
609:
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796:. Vol. 7, no. 16. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38.
760:
755:. Vol. 6, no. 20. Ziff Davis, Inc. November 24, 1987. p. 170.
719:
2760:
2755:
2537:– A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
1968:
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17:
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2018:
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1972:
562:
A Microsoft-compatible pointing device is recommended, but not required
486:
The official system requirements for Windows 2.0 include the following.
348:
and applications run as a virtual 8086 mode task. The variant had fully
62:
2546:
Microsoft article with details about the different versions of Windows
1752:. Debra Shinder Littlejohn, Jeffrey A. Martin. : Syngress. p. 5.
653:
617:
551:
353:
277:
in May 1988, while Microsoft ended its support on December 31, 2001.
225:
The product includes two different variants: a base edition for 8086
2550:
2447:. Cork, Ireland: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 87.
2020:
Introduction to the history of computing: a computing history primer
1521:. Brian Knittel (3 ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. p. 92.
598:
considered that Windows 2.0 "wasn't much better than Windows 1.0".
2402:
Pollack, Andrew; Times, Special To the New York (March 18, 1988).
399:
1828:"Windows 1.0 to 10: The changing face of Microsoft's landmark OS"
940:
IBM Personal System 2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference
1929:. Vol. 24. Ziff Davis, Inc. November 8, 2005. p. 136.
600:
594:
516:
377:
373:
230:
2554:
2624:
1421:"New EMM386.exe fixes problem receiving NMI in protected mode"
318:
1795:"From Windows 1 to Windows 10: 29 years of Windows evolution"
313:
would not be available on an 8086-class processor; however,
2304:"March 17: Apple Sues Microsoft for Copyright Infringement"
1094:
Games vs. Hardware. The History of PC video games: The 80's
2176:"A Brief History of Windows Sales Figures, 1985-Present"
1389:. Vol. 12. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 54.
1115:. Vol. 11. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 64.
289:
came in two different variants with different names and
2502:. London: University of Westminster Press. p. 56.
1601:"IBM Introduces OS/2, DOS 3.3 as New Operating Systems"
961:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 44.
835:. Vol. 10. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 1.
714:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 46.
1607:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 2.
3102:
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2955:
2925:
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2783:
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2623:
868:"Microsoft Windows turns 30: A brief retrospective"
535:Two double-sided floppy disk drives or a hard disk
439:, to compete against the then-reigning competitors
180:
169:
158:
146:
126:
104:
94:
84:
72:
1305:"The Taskmasters: Real 386 Operating Environments"
268:. Due to the introduction of overlapping windows,
2245:The Facts on File dictionary of computer science
1873:
1871:
683:. Vol. 15. McGraw-Hill. 1990. p. 131.
568:Windows 2.0 was dependent on the DOS system and
1518:Special edition using Microsoft Windows XP home
1452:"Windows 3.0: All That Memory, All Those Modes"
2080:"Windows 1.0: The flop that created an empire"
1458:. Vol. 10. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 352.
2566:
2341:. Vol. 24. IDG Enterprise. p. 144.
1855:
1853:
1311:. Vol. 6. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 170.
1272:. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 340.
1240:. Pennsylvania: Peachpit Press. p. 644.
1205:. Vol. 9. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 427.
8:
2143:. Vol. 22. IDG Enterprise. p. 33.
2137:"The raging battle between the spreadsheets"
1171:
1169:
1000:. Vol. 24. IDG Enterprise. p. 13.
908:. Vol. 21. IDG Enterprise. p. 20.
827:Patton, Carole; Mace, Scott (July 4, 1988).
37:
2541:ComputerHope.com: Microsoft Windows history
1988:"Microsoft Windows 1.0, where it all began"
1699:. BookCaps Study Guides. 2012. p. 20.
229:, and Windows/386, an enhanced edition for
3375:Products and services discontinued in 2001
3334:
3324:
2922:
2696:
2573:
2559:
2551:
2404:"Apple Sues Microsoft And Hewlett-Packard"
2373:"Tech Giant Showdown: Microsoft vs. Apple"
2063:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1599:Angus, Jeff; Mace, Scott (April 6, 1987).
36:
1148:"A very brief anecdote about Windows 3.0"
293:support. The basic edition supported the
29:Second major release of Microsoft Windows
488:
2353:from the original on September 22, 2022
1619:from the original on September 22, 2022
1470:from the original on September 22, 2022
1401:from the original on September 22, 2022
1362:from the original on September 22, 2022
1217:from the original on September 22, 2022
1154:from the original on September 22, 2022
1073:from the original on September 22, 2022
1012:from the original on September 22, 2022
920:from the original on September 22, 2022
902:"Testers laud soon-to-ship Windows/386"
847:from the original on September 22, 2022
829:"Windows Gets More Memory With Upgrade"
726:from the original on September 22, 2022
670:
631:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.
218:on December 9, 1987, as a successor to
2281:
2135:Rosenthal, Morton (January 11, 1988).
2056:
1878:Alsop, Stewart II (January 18, 1988).
1570:"A Brief History of Microsoft Windows"
878:from the original on December 23, 2019
687:from the original on September 8, 2021
368:Neither of these versions worked with
2422:from the original on January 27, 2022
1917:
1915:
1822:
1820:
1727:from the original on February 7, 2013
1640:"History of Windows Operating System"
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1259:
1257:
1109:"Computer-Aided Software Engineering"
942:. 4. New York: IBM. 1988. p. 78.
656:, taken as a whole, was protected by
7:
2333:Keefe, Patricia (February 5, 1990).
2224:from the original on October 6, 2021
1971:. September 23, 2011. Archived from
1880:"Microsoft Windows: Eclectism in UI"
895:
893:
866:Lendino, Jamie (November 20, 2015).
784:
782:
743:
741:
2477:from the original on March 20, 2022
2194:from the original on April 18, 2022
2090:from the original on April 16, 2022
1998:from the original on April 18, 2022
1986:Martin, James (November 20, 2013).
1834:. November 19, 2015. Archived from
1805:from the original on April 14, 2022
1677:from the original on April 18, 2022
1638:Mahesh Dabade (September 1, 2015).
1580:from the original on March 19, 2022
1427:. November 15, 2006. Archived from
953:Miller, Michael (August 17, 1987).
900:Jones, Stephen (November 9, 1987).
388:(VCPI) in "standard mode" and with
186:Unsupported as of December 31, 2001
67:Screenshot of Microsoft Windows 2.0
2379:. November 5, 2013. Archived from
2314:from the original on July 26, 2021
1900:from the original on March 8, 2021
1450:Schulman, Andrew (June 11, 1991).
1381:Miller, Michael (March 26, 1990).
1323:from the original on April 7, 2022
1127:from the original on March 7, 2016
1059:. Images Publishing. p. 161.
992:Keefe, Patricia (April 30, 1990).
973:from the original on April 8, 2022
767:from the original on April 7, 2022
706:Miller, Michael (April 13, 1987).
404:Aldus Pagemaker 3.0 on Windows 2.0
25:
2270:from the original on July 2, 2022
2155:from the original on July 2, 2022
2045:from the original on June 4, 2022
1941:from the original on May 13, 2022
1793:Gibbs, Samuel (October 2, 2014).
1774:from the original on June 4, 2022
1543:from the original on June 4, 2022
1303:Rosch, Winn (November 24, 1987).
1284:from the original on July 2, 2022
1107:Pavlac, Ross (December 4, 1989).
808:from the original on July 2, 2022
572:was restricted to a maximum of 1
386:Virtual Control Program Interface
3344:
3343:
3333:
3323:
2496:Birkinbine, Benjamin J. (2020).
2174:McCracken, Harry (May 7, 2013).
1342:Compton, Jason (November 2005).
61:
52:
2335:"Precedents may aid Lotus case"
1665:Molina, Brett (June 24, 2021).
1500:. July 25, 2011. Archived from
1197:Hall, William (June 26, 1990).
1146:Chen, Raymond (April 7, 2004).
994:"For many, DOS can still do it"
2535:GUIdebook: Windows 2.0 Gallery
1350:. Future US, Inc. p. 36.
1236:Emery Davis, Frederic (1993).
1:
1642:. TechTrickle. Archived from
1576:. August 3, 2009. p. 2.
2444:A Brief History of Computing
2023:. Switzerland. p. 220.
1264:Rosch, Winn (May 30, 1989).
1092:Purcaru, Bogdan Ion (2014).
612:, which was released in the
490:Minimum system requirements
390:DOS Protected Mode Interface
132:2.03 / December 9, 1987
3400:Products introduced in 1987
2899:Preinstallation Environment
2874:Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
2214:"Definition of Windows 2.0"
2116:. January 1989. p. 327
1746:Shinder, Thomas W. (2003).
1266:"Multitasking Without OS/2"
248:, and support for 16-color
3416:
1344:"Happy Birthday, Windows!"
1053:Elliott, Susan S. (2011).
654:Macintosh operating system
627:
3319:
3311:Windows Server Essentials
3296:Windows for Pen Computing
2588:
2453:10.1007/978-1-4471-2359-0
1961:"Windows Version History"
1179:Microsoft Systems Journal
624:Legal conflict with Apple
561:
550:
542:
534:
526:
507:
461:program information files
336:The other variant, named
216:released to manufacturing
185:
60:
51:
42:
2441:O'Regan, Gerard (2008).
2017:O'Regan, Gerard (2016).
1383:"OS/2: The Right Stuff?"
640:filed a lawsuit against
344:kernel, above which the
309:processor, although the
2308:Computer History Museum
1862:The MS-DOS Encyclopedia
1515:Cowart, Robert (2005).
470:IBM licensed Windows's
447:. Software such as the
420:. Support for 16-color
350:preemptive multitasking
2288:: CS1 maint: others (
1923:"Windows: what's next"
1038:. 2012. Archived from
1032:"A History of Windows"
790:"High-Impact Graphics"
405:
352:, and allowed several
195:is a major release of
134:; 36 years ago
114:; 36 years ago
1431:on September 27, 2013
1238:The Windows 3.1 Bible
403:
317:could still be used.
287:operating environment
252:. It also introduced
238:operating environment
112:December 9, 1987
3385:History of Microsoft
1975:on November 7, 2006.
1860:Duncan, Ray (1988).
749:"Apple Takes on IBM"
570:random-access memory
543:EGA or VGA adapters
476:Presentation Manager
329:with the release of
3390:History of software
3306:Microsoft PowerToys
2963:Embedded Automotive
2383:on November 5, 2013
1697:Apple Vs. Microsoft
1646:on November 4, 2015
1504:on August 14, 2005.
1490:"Obsolete Products"
636:On March 17, 1988,
491:
482:System requirements
370:DOS memory managers
153:Commercial software
39:
3262:Version comparison
2947:Embedded Compact 7
2408:The New York Times
1864:. Microsoft Press.
576:due to running in
489:
414:keyboard shortcuts
406:
246:keyboard shortcuts
208:personal computers
3380:Microsoft Windows
3357:
3356:
3199:Removed features
2976:
2975:
2968:Embedded Industry
2904:MultiPoint Server
2887:
2886:
2582:Microsoft Windows
2509:978-1-912656-43-1
2462:978-1-84800-084-1
2255:978-1-4381-0939-8
2110:"The BYTE Awards"
2078:Cooper, Charles.
2030:978-3-319-33138-6
1838:on April 22, 2022
1759:978-0-08-047925-5
1706:978-1-62107-320-8
1528:978-0-7897-3279-8
1425:Microsoft Support
1247:978-1-56609-015-5
1066:978-1-86470-455-6
1042:on June 10, 2016.
566:
565:
527:512 KB of memory
467:MS-DOS programs.
295:virtual 8086 mode
204:operating systems
197:Microsoft Windows
190:
189:
89:Microsoft Windows
45:Microsoft Windows
16:(Redirected from
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3329:List of versions
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1967:(4.0 ed.).
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1186:. pp. 1–15.
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281:Release versions
266:work in progress
240:also introduced
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3235:Version history
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646:Hewlett-Packard
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590:work in process
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449:Aldus Pagemaker
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315:expanded memory
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43:Version of the
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2982:Windows Mobile
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2841:Server 2012 R2
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2009:
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1911:
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1721:"Windows 2.03"
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1096:. p. 415.
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628:Main article:
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554:3.0 or higher
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433:Microsoft Word
397:
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363:virtual memory
342:protected mode
282:
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254:Microsoft Word
234:protected mode
199:, a family of
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183:
182:
181:Support status
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128:Latest release
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3370:1987 software
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3164:New features
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650:look and feel
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519:recommended)
518:
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500:Windows 2.03
499:
497:Windows 2.01
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457:Control Panel
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410:desktop icons
402:
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366:
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359:EMS emulation
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323:PS/2 Model 25
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41:
32:
27:
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3395:DOS software
3267:Vista and XP
3109:Development
2744:Media Center
2638:
2498:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2443:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2407:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:the original
2376:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2272:. Retrieved
2244:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2179:
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2157:. Retrieved
2140:
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2118:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2083:
2073:
2047:. Retrieved
2019:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1973:the original
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1926:
1904:November 23,
1902:. Retrieved
1890:
1886:
1861:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:the original
1831:
1807:. Retrieved
1799:The Guardian
1798:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1748:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1715:
1696:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1670:
1660:
1650:November 21,
1648:. Retrieved
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