289:
300:
3454:
3465:
841:
Character translation must be used to accommodate filenames which include a colon (:) or other characters that do not comply with the naming conventions of
Windows file-systems. Files with the same name but different cases are also not allowed by default, but can be enabled on installation with the
904:
Enterprise and
Ultimate Editions also contain the Services for Unix components, now called the Subsystem for UNIX-based applications (SUA), and Client for NFS v3. Users must download the utilities and SDK separately. However, the server components from the SFU product line (namely Server for NFS,
677:) with an internal Microsoft version of 7.0 that relates to internal build sequences. This Interix release contained significant technical extensions from the Interix 2.2 release such as a rooted file system and setuid functionality that were entirely based on the Softway Systems'
832:
Microsoft does not intend to produce any further standalone versions of SFU, opting instead for the integrated SUA. As of August 18, 2016, v3.5 is unavailable from the provided
Microsoft Link. General support continued until 2011; extended support until 2014.
244:
The
Interix subsystem included in SFU 3.0 and 3.5 and later released as SUA Windows components provided header files and libraries that made it easier to recompile or port Unix applications for use on Windows; they did not make Linux or other Unix binaries
764:(original release only) on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. It included Interix subsystem release 3.5 (build version 8.0) adding internationalization support (at least for the English version which did not have such until now) and
930:
with full data encryption) support. In
Windows 7, Kerberos 5 was supported for authentication, but only packet integrity checking was available for data. The maximum block/buffer size was also increased from 32 KB to 1 MB in Windows 8.
672:
subsystem. Previously
Microsoft had released Interix 2.2 (actually version 2.2.5) as a separate product around the same time frame as SFU 2.0. This SFU release included Interix release 3.0 (commonly called the "version" as reported by
779:; this was for improved file-security requirements in Interix 3.5). The following UNIX versions were supported for NFS components: Solaris 7 and 8, Red Hat Linux 8.0, AIX 5L 5.2, and HP-UX 11i. It included the following components:
1753:
934:
Windows Server 2012 added support for NFS 4.1 server. The new implementation is kernel-based (RPC/XDR-wise) but many optional features from NFS4 are not implemented, including ACLs, pNFS etc. There is however support in
759:
This was the final release of SFU and the only release to be distributed free of charge. It was released
January 2004 and included both English and Japanese versions for Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and
225:
subsystem, which was acquired by
Microsoft in 1999 from US-based Softway Systems as part of an asset acquisition. SFU 3.5 was the last release and was available as a free download from Microsoft.
908:
SUA was deprecated in
Windows 8 Enterprise and Windows Server 2012, and completely removed in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2. The NFS server is still supported in Windows Server 2012 R2.
3502:
1099:
476:
client libraries and applications, it does not contain a native X server. Administrators may configure any of the numerous third-party
Windows X servers. Fully featured free options include
1733:
845:
Network authentication for UNIX systems relies on the insecure NIS protocol (LDAP- and Kerberos-based authentication require a third-party solution). Microsoft has released several
1654:
1454:
1203:"You receive a "Cannot install on a 64 bit machine" error message when you try to install Windows Services for UNIX on a computer that is running a 64-bit operating system"
894:
Unlike the SFU, the SUA version included in Windows Server 2003 R2 (and subsequent versions) has 64-bit support and allows linking of Win32 libraries to SUA applications.
1311:
1285:
3495:
3722:
905:
User Name Mapping, Server for NIS, Password Synchronization etc.) are not included – these are included in Server editions of Windows (i.e. Windows Server 2008).
915:
replaced it. On desktop (Windows 7), NFS is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions. The free reference implementation of NFS 4.1 for Windows (by
3773:
2469:
241:(Enterprise and Ultimate), a minimal Interix SUA was included, but most of the other SFU utilities had to be downloaded separately from Microsoft's web site.
1559:
2484:
3488:
2649:
1726:
1228:
1407:
1385:
1363:
1077:
1103:
2306:
1044:
1589:
1247:"Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-053 - Important : Vulnerability in Windows Services for UNIX Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (939778)"
919:), the development of which was sponsored by Microsoft, does work on lower-end versions of Windows 7, but requires more involved installation.
229:
included most of the former SFU components (on Disk 2), naming the Interix subsystem component Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA). In
1480:
1246:
3340:
1719:
1438:
1016:
682:
1338:
3788:
3469:
1742:
1701:
887:
contains most SFU components, namely Microsoft Services for Network File System (NFS), Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA, a.k.a.
1691:
891:), and Identity Management for UNIX. The July 2007 SFU 3.5 Security Update updated posix.exe and related files to match the SUA version.
689:
Professional on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. The MKS Toolkit was no longer included. It included the following components:
681:
development codenamed "Firebrand". This was also released in English and followed by a later release in Japanese in October 2002, adding
2719:
2359:
1943:
1778:
1022:
873:
497:
Microsoft produced at least one beta release of the initial version of SFU before its final release in February 1999. This release, in
182:
2891:
2800:
2316:
1948:
1647:
1625:
1121:
1506:
1429:
Minasi, Mark; Greene, Kevin; Booth, Christian; Butler, Robert; McCabe, John; Panek, Robert; Rice, Michael; Roth, Stefan (2013).
2639:
2619:
2582:
2544:
2529:
3385:
2967:
2494:
246:
1319:
1278:
2509:
466:
911:
The NFS client feature and server features are separate from the SUA in Windows 7 and 2008, and remained supported until
3350:
3219:
2906:
2896:
2770:
2674:
2534:
1891:
1846:
1702:
Download: Utilities and SDK for Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2
1158:
1144:
857:
utilities was started in 2007, but apparently abandoned in 2009. Several of the text processing utilities in SUA (e.g.
3818:
3749:
3557:
3458:
2826:
2785:
2684:
2539:
2336:
2051:
2001:
963:
912:
620:
458:
400:
269:
160:
93:
22:
1202:
3048:
2928:
2634:
2133:
1773:
1766:
1761:
574:
426:
250:
1567:
789:
Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for Visual Studio compiler)
3542:
3345:
2775:
2765:
2704:
2614:
2504:
2474:
2123:
1821:
258:
150:
3682:
2745:
2689:
2669:
2514:
2283:
2168:
2058:
3823:
3330:
3325:
3169:
3164:
3124:
3084:
3034:
2780:
2524:
2519:
2394:
2369:
2331:
2301:
2251:
2063:
1986:
1911:
1831:
1806:
1232:
714:
704:
360:
353:
3310:
3274:
2886:
2871:
2629:
2587:
2479:
2409:
2326:
2311:
1906:
916:
884:
842:
side-effect of making the underlying partition's filesystem case-sensitive, even for the Win32 subsystem.
226:
3439:
3259:
3204:
3144:
3129:
2938:
2609:
2564:
2421:
2374:
1176:
776:
513:
platforms. This is the only known release to support Alpha. It included a demonstration version of the
1455:"Installation & Configuration of Windows NFS Client to enable Windows to Mount a UNIX File System"
1052:
3699:
3424:
3419:
3264:
3234:
3199:
3089:
2795:
2790:
2694:
2644:
2602:
2572:
2459:
2046:
2011:
1958:
1896:
3365:
3224:
3179:
3154:
3109:
3055:
2854:
2709:
2592:
2041:
2026:
1966:
1886:
1856:
1484:
1256:
761:
598:
538:
377:
277:
230:
172:
167:
3370:
3320:
3094:
3013:
2999:
2918:
2624:
2464:
2431:
2404:
2399:
2073:
1976:
1971:
1871:
1334:
450:
131:
1129:
3734:
3707:
3695:
3515:
3434:
3360:
3315:
3214:
3209:
3184:
3139:
3104:
2974:
2278:
2088:
1921:
1434:
1351:
SUA is deprecated starting with release and will be completely removed from the next release.
1163:
UNIX Custom Application Migration Guide, Volume 2: Migrate Using UNIX Services for Windows 3.5
1012:
1006:
570:
562:
414:
124:
1045:"Microsoft Acquires Softway Systems to Strengthen Future Customer Interoperability Solutions"
853:
utilities are several versions older than the latest ones. A separate port of the up-to-date
3744:
3586:
3375:
3284:
3119:
3062:
3020:
2881:
2849:
2805:
2760:
2679:
2439:
2236:
2113:
2103:
1866:
1861:
1681:
561:
This second installment of SFU was released April 2000 and was also for English; however, a
498:
319:
119:
703:
Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for
288:
3687:
3677:
3411:
3294:
3269:
3254:
3244:
3194:
3189:
2943:
2577:
2293:
2158:
2148:
2093:
2078:
1936:
1826:
1705:
1695:
1615:
1533:
694:
473:
438:
386:
186:
1279:"Open Source at Microsoft. Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications: Providing More Choices"
565:
release appeared just two months later in June 2000. Both ran on Windows NT 4.0 SP4+ and
18:
Discontinued software produced by Microsoft which provided Unix environment on Windows NT
2901:
2444:
2256:
2246:
2231:
2163:
2031:
2006:
1981:
1931:
1901:
1811:
866:
502:
430:
347:
299:
3812:
3738:
3691:
3390:
3249:
3149:
2489:
2449:
2226:
2201:
2193:
2128:
1996:
1796:
1117:
897:
765:
590:
234:
3778:
3159:
3114:
3041:
3006:
2714:
2664:
2454:
2206:
2153:
2118:
2036:
2016:
1836:
1816:
1620:
653:
566:
366:
3783:
3611:
3480:
3229:
3174:
3079:
2933:
2821:
2699:
2554:
2346:
2321:
1916:
850:
849:
for Windows Services for UNIX, and at least one Security Update (KB939778). The
772:
638:
514:
218:
1711:
3616:
3134:
2958:
2499:
2389:
2263:
2183:
2108:
1926:
936:
927:
686:
586:
335:
273:
211:
59:
42:
3601:
3524:
2755:
2750:
2384:
2273:
2221:
1991:
1251:
1048:
923:
901:
510:
392:
Tools for making NFS mount-points appear as Windows shares, and vice versa (
323:
292:
262:
238:
203:
64:
1616:"Microsoft storage boffins serve up smoking 2012 NFS server • the Register"
1481:"Mount NFS Share Windows 7 | Zwiegnet Blog 2013 | Server Hosting"
783:
Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including X11R6 and X11R5 utilities)
660:
There were subsequent updated OEM releases SFU 2.1, SFU 2.2, and SFU 2.3.
3650:
3645:
3335:
3239:
3099:
2859:
2724:
2354:
2211:
2098:
2083:
2021:
1881:
1841:
1686:
1206:
953:
668:
This version, released in May 2002, was the first release to include the
531:
477:
47:
3703:
3551:
3355:
3289:
3027:
2913:
2876:
2864:
2549:
2268:
2241:
2216:
2178:
1876:
1801:
888:
862:
678:
669:
582:
418:
327:
303:
222:
51:
3537:
3429:
3279:
2948:
2729:
2654:
948:
854:
846:
626:
521:
140:
1122:"It's the End of the Line for Microsoft's Services for Unix Product"
1229:"Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 UNIX Interoperability Components"
3605:
3591:
3581:
3395:
2831:
2659:
2364:
2138:
1851:
1511:
1507:"Microsoft finances open-source NFS v4 implementation for Windows"
1386:"Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2 Preview"
578:
481:
454:
446:
434:
406:
Some Windows/Unix authentication information-synchronization tools
298:
287:
254:
136:
3793:
3665:
3621:
3595:
3511:
2923:
2597:
2416:
2379:
958:
769:
710:
GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, about 9 utilities in total)
685:
support. Both supported Windows NT 4.0 SP6a+, Windows 2000, and
647:
442:
422:
372:
343:
315:
207:
3484:
1715:
2841:
2173:
2143:
2068:
858:
506:
462:
339:
1180:
792:
GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, again about 9 utilities)
1008:
Next Generation SSH2 Implementation: Securing Data in Motion
1648:"NFSv4.1 Architecture and Tradeoffs in Windows Server 2012"
331:
261:
that Interix replaced, it is best thought of as a distinct
1159:"Chapter 1: Introduction to Windows Services for UNIX 3.5"
1100:"Download details: Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.5"
872:
No version of Windows Services for UNIX is available for
356:
3.3 compiler, includes and libraries (through an MS libc)
1364:"Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012"
1072:
1070:
214:
and some of its immediate successor operating-systems.
573:
4.01+. SFU 2.0 supported the following UNIX versions:
1316:
Services for UNIX - Interoperability Blog, MSDN Blogs
3762:
3721:
3663:
3634:
3570:
3523:
3408:
3303:
3072:
2991:
2984:
2957:
2840:
2814:
2738:
2563:
2430:
2345:
2292:
2192:
1957:
1787:
795:
GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including gcc and g++)
403:
server capability linked with Active Directory (AD)
178:
166:
156:
146:
130:
118:
92:
70:
58:
41:
33:
1594:The Storage Team at Microsoft - File Cabinet Blog
693:Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including
202:) is a discontinued software package produced by
1078:"Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Overview"
1000:
998:
257:etc) compatible with Windows binaries. Like the
1433:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 565 and 636.
1102:. Microsoft. September 21, 2006. Archived from
3496:
1727:
768:. This release could only be installed to an
616:Server for NFS Authentication (NFSServerAuth)
8:
1682:Microsoft TechNet: Windows Services for UNIX
593:5.1+. It included the following components:
28:
1459:Running SAP Applications on SQL Server blog
1145:"Windows Services for UNIX 3.5 White Paper"
549:Windows NT to UNIX password-synchronization
3766:
3727:
3670:
3638:
3574:
3530:
3503:
3489:
3481:
3464:
2988:
1734:
1720:
1712:
1538:drink the sweet feeling of the colour zero
221:; starting with SFU 3.0, SFU included the
27:
1564:Services for UNIX - Interoperability blog
1312:"UNIX Interoperability and Windows Vista"
822:NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)
744:NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)
3635:Ports of Unix-like utilities for Windows
816:Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)
738:Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)
1692:Download: Windows Services for UNIX 3.5
1590:"Server for NFS in Windows Server 2012"
1025:from the original on September 30, 2014
994:
975:
713:GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including
1291:from the original on February 26, 2012
3341:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
813:Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)
810:Password synchronization (PasswdSync)
735:Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)
732:Password Synchronization (PasswdSync)
635:Password synchronization (PasswdSync)
517:along with the following components:
7:
3789:Windows Interface Source Environment
1333:Reiter, Brian (September 15, 2011).
1179:. Debian-interix.net. Archived from
1051:. September 17, 1999. Archived from
801:NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)
723:NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)
3750:Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 2)
3571:Development environments and shells
3558:Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 1)
2470:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
1660:from the original on March 16, 2019
1483:. Blog.zwiegnet.com. Archived from
1143:Charlie Russel (December 5, 2007).
874:Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
410:SFU did not contain the following:
2801:User Interface Privilege Isolation
1628:from the original on June 17, 2018
804:NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)
798:NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)
726:NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)
720:NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)
14:
3664:Windows runtime environments for
1341:from the original on June 9, 2012
1005:Dale Liu; Justin Peltier (2008).
3723:Platform virtualization software
3463:
3453:
3452:
1698: (archived January 13, 2016)
1431:Mastering Windows Server 2012 R2
786:UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)
700:UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)
2530:Remote Differential Compression
926:, the NFS client gained krb5p (
3386:Windows System Assessment Tool
1708: (archived March 23, 2014)
1408:"Network File System Overview"
1165:. Microsoft. December 5, 2007.
1080:. Microsoft. November 17, 2009
1011:. Syngress. pp. 181–182.
819:NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
741:NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
644:UNIX utilities (UnixUtilities)
233:and high-end versions of both
1:
1560:"Client for NFS in Windows 8"
1534:"NFS Client in Windows 7 Pro"
1335:"SUA Deprecated in Windows 8"
982:Only works on "R1", not on R2
939:for mapping user identities.
546:Server for NFS Authentication
310:As of SFU 3.5, it contained:
2675:Open XML Paper Specification
2535:Remote Installation Services
1743:Microsoft Windows components
1410:. Microsoft. August 31, 2016
807:NIS Server for Windows (NIS)
775:(earlier versions supported
729:NIS Server for Windows (NIS)
632:Telnet server (TelnetServer)
607:Gateway for NFS (NFSGateway)
552:Help files and documentation
2827:Windows Subsystem for Linux
2786:Mandatory Integrity Control
2540:Windows Deployment Services
2337:Wireless Zero Configuration
1231:. Microsoft. Archived from
964:Windows Subsystem for Linux
913:Windows Subsystem for Linux
501:only, was supported on the
363:command-line C/C++ compiler
270:Windows Subsystem for Linux
161:Windows Subsystem for Linux
101:; 20 years ago
76:; 25 years ago
23:Windows Subsystem for Linux
3842:
2929:Universal Windows Platform
2635:Kernel Transaction Manager
2620:Hardware Abstraction Layer
2317:Multimedia Class Scheduler
861:) are not compatible with
613:User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
604:Client for NFS (NFSClient)
189: (archived 2017-08-26)
99:3.5 / January 2004
20:
3769:
3730:
3673:
3641:
3577:
3548:Windows Services for UNIX
3543:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
3533:
3448:
3381:Windows Services for UNIX
2766:Data Execution Prevention
2615:Graphics Device Interface
2505:Network Access Protection
2124:Remote Desktop Connection
1749:
610:Server for PCNFS (Pcnfsd)
259:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
217:SFU 1.0 and 2.0 used the
196:Windows Services for UNIX
183:Windows Services for Unix
151:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
114:
88:
29:Windows Services for UNIX
3683:Willows Toolkit for UNIX
2746:Security and Maintenance
2690:Security Account Manager
2284:Windows XP visual styles
21:Not to be confused with
3331:Media Control Interface
3165:Help and Support Center
2781:Kernel Patch Protection
2545:System Resource Manager
2525:Remote Desktop Services
2520:Print Services for UNIX
2302:Service Control Manager
1912:Windows Error Reporting
1832:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
1687:Services for UNIX: Blog
828:ActiveState Perl (Perl)
750:ActiveState Perl (Perl)
361:Microsoft Visual Studio
3311:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
2887:COM Structured storage
2588:Desktop Window Manager
2480:Windows Media Services
1310:Ashish (May 1, 2007).
885:Windows Server 2003 R2
569:on x86 platforms with
472:Although SFU includes
359:A cc-like wrapper for
307:
296:
227:Windows Server 2003 R2
2939:Windows Mixed Reality
2610:Enhanced Write Filter
2460:Roaming user profiles
1177:"Debian Interix Port"
1132:on September 5, 2012.
1126:eWeek Microsoft Watch
1120:(September 1, 2005).
825:PCNFS server (Pcnfsd)
747:PCNFS Server (Pcnfsd)
629:Client (TelnetClient)
530:UNIX Utilities (from
302:
291:
52:Softway Systems, Inc.
3220:Mobile Device Center
3170:Health & Fitness
2968:Solitaire Collection
2796:User Account Control
2791:Protected Media Path
2695:Server Message Block
2645:Logical Disk Manager
1897:System Policy Editor
1882:System Configuration
1596:. September 14, 2012
1209:on November 28, 2011
1055:on February 22, 2011
683:internationalization
3366:Virtual DOS machine
2710:System Idle Process
2685:Resource Protection
2593:Portable Executable
2485:Active DRM Services
1887:System File Checker
1857:Performance Monitor
1570:on January 10, 2014
1487:on January 10, 2014
762:Windows Server 2003
389:tools and libraries
278:Windows Server 2019
231:Windows Server 2008
173:Compatibility layer
30:
3819:Windows components
3371:Windows on Windows
3095:Backup and Restore
2907:Transaction Server
2625:I/O request packet
2465:Folder redirection
2134:Speech Recognition
1892:System Information
1847:Management Console
1461:. February 3, 2011
1183:on January 2, 2014
1106:on April 14, 2006.
318:utilities such as
308:
297:
268:It is replaced by
74:February 1999
43:Original author(s)
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3758:
3757:
3735:Cooperative Linux
3717:
3716:
3659:
3658:
3630:
3629:
3566:
3565:
3478:
3477:
3404:
3403:
3361:Video for Windows
3316:Games for Windows
3185:Internet Explorer
2279:Windows Spotlight
1922:Windows Installer
1440:978-1-118-33394-5
1388:. August 31, 2016
1366:. August 31, 2016
1322:on March 8, 2010.
1047:(Press release).
1018:978-1-59749-283-6
650:service (CronSvc)
641:ActivePerl (Perl)
571:Internet Explorer
563:Japanese-language
380:server and client
206:which provided a
193:
192:
125:Microsoft Windows
50:(SFU 1.0 / 2.0),
3831:
3767:
3728:
3671:
3639:
3587:Hamilton C shell
3575:
3531:
3518:interoperability
3505:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3455:
3376:Windows SideShow
3155:Food & Drink
3049:Spider Solitaire
2989:
2882:ActiveX Document
2850:Active Scripting
2806:Windows Firewall
2761:Credential Guard
2440:Active Directory
2237:Indexing Service
1867:Resource Monitor
1862:Recovery Console
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1566:. Archived from
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1540:. April 29, 2012
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1503:
1497:
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1494:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
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1445:
1444:
1426:
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1417:
1415:
1404:
1398:
1397:
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1393:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1318:. Archived from
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:. Archived from
1243:
1237:
1236:
1235:on May 10, 2005.
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1205:. Archived from
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:. Archived from
1114:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1002:
983:
980:
656:service (RshSvc)
120:Operating system
109:
107:
102:
84:
82:
77:
31:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3798:
3754:
3713:
3655:
3626:
3562:
3519:
3509:
3479:
3474:
3444:
3412:Microsoft Store
3410:
3400:
3346:POSIX subsystem
3326:File Protection
3299:
3270:Program Manager
3255:Phone Companion
3245:Outlook Express
3195:Make Compatible
3125:Desktop Gadgets
3085:Anytime Upgrade
3068:
2980:
2953:
2944:Windows Runtime
2836:
2810:
2776:Family features
2734:
2559:
2515:DFS Replication
2426:
2341:
2332:Error Reporting
2288:
2188:
2064:Mobility Center
2059:Movies & TV
1953:
1937:Windows Insider
1827:Driver Verifier
1822:Drive Optimizer
1789:
1783:
1774:Booting process
1745:
1740:
1706:Wayback Machine
1696:Wayback Machine
1678:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
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1588:
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1573:
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1196:
1186:
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1175:
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1170:
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1142:
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1137:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1098:
1097:
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1083:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1004:
1003:
996:
992:
987:
986:
981:
977:
972:
945:
882:
839:
766:POSIX threading
757:
666:
559:
495:
490:
474:X Window System
383:A pcnfsd daemon
286:
210:environment on
187:Wayback Machine
110:
105:
103:
100:
80:
78:
75:
71:Initial release
54:(SFU 3.0 / 3.5)
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3824:Unix emulators
3821:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
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3759:
3756:
3755:
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3685:
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3674:
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3648:
3642:
3636:
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3614:
3609:
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3578:
3572:
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3545:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3461:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Steps Recorder
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:OLE Automation
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Object Manager
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Imaging Format
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
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2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Task Scheduler
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:Special folder
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Voice Recorder
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1932:Windows Update
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:System Restore
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:Device Manager
1809:
1804:
1802:Command Prompt
1799:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1676:External links
1674:
1672:
1671:
1639:
1607:
1581:
1551:
1525:
1498:
1472:
1446:
1439:
1421:
1399:
1377:
1355:
1325:
1302:
1270:
1259:on May 4, 2011
1238:
1220:
1194:
1168:
1150:
1135:
1109:
1091:
1066:
1036:
1017:
993:
991:
988:
985:
984:
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
944:
941:
881:
878:
867:wide character
838:
837:Known problems
835:
830:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
711:
708:
701:
698:
665:
662:
658:
657:
651:
645:
642:
636:
633:
630:
624:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
543:Server for NFS
541:
535:
528:
525:
503:Windows NT 4.0
494:
491:
489:
486:
470:
469:
408:
407:
404:
397:
390:
384:
381:
375:
370:
364:
357:
351:
306:running on SUA
295:running on SUA
285:
282:
191:
190:
180:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
112:
111:
98:
96:
90:
89:
86:
85:
72:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
45:
39:
38:
35:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3837:
3836:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3739:TopologiLinux
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3692:WINE@Etersoft
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3391:Windows To Go
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Photo Gallery
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Meeting Space
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:HyperTerminal
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Easy Transfer
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:Compatibility
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Library files
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Reparse point
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
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2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Action Center
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Snipping Tool
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
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2035:
2033:
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2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Character Map
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
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1968:
1965:
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1947:
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1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Control Panel
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:App Installer
1795:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:Architecture
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1717:
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1707:
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1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
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1680:
1679:
1675:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1632:September 18,
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1595:
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1585:
1582:
1569:
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1306:
1303:
1287:
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1198:
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1160:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:Mary Jo Foley
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1020:
1014:
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1009:
1001:
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995:
989:
979:
976:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
940:
938:
932:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
909:
906:
903:
899:
898:Windows Vista
895:
892:
890:
886:
879:
877:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
836:
834:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:
780:
778:
774:
771:
767:
763:
754:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
709:
706:
705:Visual Studio
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
663:
661:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
595:
594:
592:
591:Red Hat Linux
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
551:
548:
545:
542:
540:
536:
533:
529:
527:Telnet client
526:
523:
520:
519:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
492:
487:
485:
483:
479:
475:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
412:
411:
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
358:
355:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
311:
305:
301:
294:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
242:
240:
236:
235:Windows Vista
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
113:
97:
95:
94:Final release
91:
87:
73:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
24:
16:
3779:Captive NTFS
3547:
3425:File Manager
3380:
3265:Photo Viewer
3200:Media Center
3160:Groove Music
3090:Address Book
3061:
3054:
3047:
3042:Purble Place
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3007:Chess Titans
3005:
2998:
2985:Discontinued
2973:
2966:
2665:Ntoskrnl.exe
2573:Boot Manager
2565:Architecture
2455:Group Policy
2347:File systems
2247:Saved search
2154:Sticky Notes
2119:Quick Assist
2047:Media Player
2017:Feedback Hub
2012:Fax and Scan
1907:Task Manager
1837:Event Viewer
1817:Disk Cleanup
1662:. Retrieved
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1621:The Register
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:the original
1563:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:the original
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1430:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1358:
1350:
1343:. Retrieved
1328:
1320:the original
1315:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1250:
1241:
1233:the original
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1171:
1162:
1153:
1147:. Microsoft.
1138:
1130:the original
1125:
1112:
1104:the original
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1059:December 28,
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1007:
978:
933:
921:
910:
907:
896:
893:
883:
871:
869:text files.
844:
840:
831:
758:
674:
667:
659:
567:Windows 2000
560:
496:
484:and WeirdX.
471:
409:
393:
309:
267:
243:
216:
199:
195:
194:
60:Developer(s)
15:
3784:NDISwrapper
3612:MKS Toolkit
3440:Minesweeper
3409:Spun off to
3230:MSN Dial-up
3225:Movie Maker
3130:Diagnostics
3080:ActiveMovie
2822:COMMAND.COM
2700:Shadow Copy
2555:Server Core
2395:Mount Point
2322:Shadow Copy
1917:Windows Ink
1574:January 10,
1491:January 10,
1345:October 15,
1187:January 10,
1029:October 26,
851:GNU Project
773:file system
639:ActiveState
619:Server for
601:(NFSServer)
597:Server for
537:Client for
515:MKS Toolkit
219:MKS Toolkit
147:Predecessor
34:Other names
3813:Categories
3617:PowerShell
3527:subsystems
3420:DVD Player
3235:NetMeeting
3135:DriveSpace
3000:3D Pinball
2500:SharePoint
2264:Start menu
2109:Phone Link
1972:Calculator
1927:PowerShell
1788:Management
1600:August 20,
1544:August 20,
1518:August 20,
1465:August 20,
1414:August 20,
1392:August 20,
1370:August 20,
1213:August 11,
1084:August 20,
990:References
937:PowerShell
928:Kerberos 5
917:UMICH CITI
697:utilities)
687:Windows XP
589:5.0+, and
587:Tru64 UNIX
284:Components
274:Windows 10
265:platform.
212:Windows NT
3700:CrossOver
3602:Mingw-w64
3525:Unix-like
3215:Messenger
3210:Messaging
3140:DVD Maker
3110:CD Player
3105:CardSpace
3056:Solitaire
2756:BitLocker
2751:AppLocker
2385:Hard link
2274:Task View
2252:Namespace
2222:ClearType
2042:Messaging
2027:Magnifier
1992:Clipchamp
1967:3D Viewer
1664:August 9,
1252:Microsoft
1049:Microsoft
924:Windows 8
902:Windows 7
707:compiler)
505:SP3+ for
396:services)
314:Over 350
293:KornShell
263:Unix-like
239:Windows 7
204:Microsoft
157:Successor
65:Microsoft
3651:UnxUtils
3646:GnuWin32
3459:Category
3336:MS-DOS 7
3321:ScanDisk
3240:NTBackup
3120:Contacts
3100:Cardfile
3035:Hold 'Em
3014:FreeCell
2860:VBScript
2771:Defender
2739:Security
2725:Winlogon
2680:Registry
2294:Services
2227:Explorer
2212:AutoPlay
2099:Paint 3D
2084:OneDrive
2074:Narrator
2022:Get Help
1977:Calendar
1872:Settings
1842:IExpress
1655:Archived
1626:Archived
1339:Archived
1286:Archived
1263:March 8,
1023:Archived
954:UnxUtils
943:See also
847:hotfixes
717:and g++)
675:uname -r
488:Releases
478:Cygwin/X
369:debugger
132:Platform
48:MKS Inc.
3763:Related
3704:Darwine
3552:Interix
3516:Windows
3435:Mahjong
3356:Interix
3290:WinHelp
3190:Journal
3180:Imaging
3028:InkBall
2914:DirectX
2877:ActiveX
2865:JScript
2578:Console
2550:Hyper-V
2445:Domains
2269:Taskbar
2242:IFilter
2217:AutoRun
2179:WordPad
2174:Weather
2089:OneNote
2079:Notepad
2002:Cortana
1877:Sysprep
1704:at the
1694:at the
1295:May 30,
889:Interix
863:Unicode
679:Interix
670:Interix
581:10.2+,
575:Solaris
499:English
419:OpenSSH
394:gateway
304:C shell
251:Solaris
223:Interix
185:at the
179:Website
106:2004-01
104: (
81:1999-02
79: (
3708:Proton
3696:Cedega
3538:Cygwin
3468:
3457:
3430:Hover!
3304:Others
3285:Travel
3280:Syskey
3063:Tinker
3021:Hearts
2949:WinUSB
2934:WinAPI
2919:Native
2730:WinUSB
2655:MinWin
2432:Server
2232:Search
2144:Sports
2114:Photos
2104:People
1982:Camera
1437:
1015:
949:Cygwin
880:Legacy
855:Debian
627:Telnet
585:4.2+,
577:2.6+,
524:server
522:Telnet
467:Python
451:Apache
431:ClamAV
350:, etc.
141:x86-64
3745:Merge
3606:MSYS2
3592:MinGW
3582:DJGPP
3396:WinFS
3295:Write
2992:Games
2959:Games
2832:WoW64
2660:NTLDR
2650:LSASS
2583:CSRSS
2390:links
2365:exFAT
2194:Shell
2159:Store
2149:Start
2139:Skype
2094:Paint
2069:Money
1997:Clock
1944:WinRE
1852:Netsh
1790:tools
1779:Games
1658:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1512:ZDNet
1289:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
970:Notes
695:X11R5
623:(NIS)
579:HP-UX
511:Alpha
482:Xming
455:XView
447:emacs
439:gmake
435:bzip2
255:Xenix
137:IA-32
3794:DXVK
3774:APIW
3688:Wine
3678:Wabi
3666:*nix
3622:UWIN
3596:MSYS
3512:Unix
3470:List
3351:HPFS
3115:Chat
3073:Apps
2975:Surf
2924:.NET
2892:DCOM
2720:WHEA
2715:USER
2705:SMSS
2495:WSUS
2475:MSMQ
2417:ReFS
2380:NTFS
2355:CDFS
2312:CLFS
2307:BITS
2207:Aero
2184:Xbox
2164:Tips
2052:2022
2037:Maps
2032:Mail
2007:Edge
1959:Apps
1754:APIs
1666:2018
1634:2017
1602:2022
1576:2014
1546:2022
1520:2022
1493:2014
1467:2022
1435:ISBN
1416:2022
1394:2022
1372:2022
1347:2011
1297:2011
1265:2011
1215:2011
1189:2014
1086:2022
1061:2010
1031:2016
1013:ISBN
959:UWIN
900:and
770:NTFS
648:Cron
509:and
459:Ruby
443:curl
423:sudo
415:bash
373:Perl
348:kill
344:grep
316:Unix
276:and
237:and
208:Unix
168:Type
139:and
3250:Pay
3150:Fax
2897:OLE
2872:COM
2855:WSH
2842:API
2603:DLL
2598:EXE
2510:PWS
2490:IIS
2450:DNS
2422:UDF
2410:EFS
2405:TxF
2375:FAT
2370:IFS
2360:DFS
1949:WMI
922:In
865:or
859:awk
777:FAT
755:3.5
715:gcc
664:3.0
654:Rsh
621:NIS
599:NFS
583:AIX
557:2.0
539:NFS
532:MKS
507:x86
493:1.0
463:Tcl
427:CVS
401:NIS
387:X11
378:NFS
367:GDB
354:GCC
340:awk
336:cat
328:csh
324:ksh
272:in
247:BSD
200:SFU
37:SFU
3815::
3706:,
3702:,
3698:,
3694:,
1767:NT
1762:9x
1653:.
1624:.
1618:.
1592:.
1562:.
1536:.
1509:.
1457:.
1349:.
1337:.
1314:.
1284:.
1249:.
1161:.
1124:.
1069:^
1021:.
997:^
876:.
480:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
453:,
449:,
445:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
429:,
425:,
421:,
417:,
399:A
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
332:ls
330:,
326:,
322:,
320:vi
280:.
253:,
249:,
3741:)
3737:(
3710:)
3690:(
3608:)
3604:(
3598:)
3594:(
3554:)
3550:(
3514:–
3504:e
3497:t
3490:v
1735:e
1728:t
1721:v
1668:.
1636:.
1604:.
1578:.
1548:.
1522:.
1495:.
1469:.
1443:.
1418:.
1396:.
1374:.
1299:.
1267:.
1217:.
1191:.
1088:.
1063:.
1033:.
534:)
245:(
198:(
108:)
83:)
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.