271:
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124:
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36:
77:
631:, the Common Dialog Box Library, implements a wide variety of Windows dialog boxes intended to perform what Microsoft deems 'common application tasks'. Starting with the release of Windows Vista, Microsoft considers the "Open" and "Save as" dialog boxes provided by this library as deprecated and replaced by the 'Common Item Dialog API'.
730:
This functionality was removed from
Windows Vista (and therefore later versions) to improve security and rid the operating system of generally unused functionality. Scrap (.shs) files have been used by viruses because they can contain a wide variety of files (including executable code), and the file
308:
The HAL is loaded into kernel address space and runs in kernel mode, so routines in the HAL cannot be called directly by applications, and no user mode APIs correspond directly to HAL routines. Instead, the HAL provides services primarily to the
Windows executive and kernel and to kernel mode device
603:
that matches the
Windows look and feel. Programs call functions from Windows USER to perform operations such as creating and managing windows, receiving window messages (which are mostly user input such as mouse and keyboard events, but also notifications from the operating system), displaying text
619:
implements a wide variety of standard
Windows controls, such as File Open, Save, and Save As dialogs, progress bars, and list views. It calls functions from both USER32.DLL and GDI32.DLL to create and manage the windows for these UI elements, place various graphic elements within them, and collect
607:
Many of the functions in USER32.DLL call upon GDI functions exported by GDI32.DLL to do the actual rendering of the various elements of the user interface. Some types of programs will also call GDI functions directly to perform lower-level drawing operations within a window previously created via
551:
functions that perform primitive drawing functions for output to video displays and printers. It is used, for example, in the XP version of Paint. Applications call GDI functions directly to perform low-level drawing (line, rectangle, ellipse), text output, font management, and similar functions.
332:
and registers of their devices. The drivers use HAL routines because different platforms may require different implementations of these operations. The HAL implements the operations appropriately for each platform, so the same driver executable file can be used on all platforms using the same
862:. However, C/C++ programs using UCRTBASE.DLL are forced to link against another new DLL, the VCRuntime. At Version 14.0, this was VCRUNTIME140.DLL. The name has the potential to change at future versions, but has not done so as far as of Version 17.0.
814:
Versions of MSVC before 4.0 and from 7.0 to 12.0 used differently named DLLs for each version (MSVCR20.DLL, MSVCR70.DLL, MSVCR71.DLL, MSVCP110.DLL, etc.). Applications are required to install the appropriate version, and
Microsoft offers
426:; the primary reason for their existence is to perform tasks that must run early in the system startup sequence before the Win32 subsystem is available. An obvious but important example is the creation of the Win32 subsystem process,
795:
compiler from version 4.2 to 6.0. It provides programs compiled by these versions of MSVC with most of the standard C library functions. These include string manipulation, memory allocation, C-style input/output calls, and others.
1563:
348:, there are several different HAL files on the installation media. The Windows installation procedure determines which ones are appropriate for the current platform and copies it to the hard drive, renaming it to
304:
than on one without. The HAL provides a single function for this purpose that works with all kinds of interrupts by various chipsets, so that other components need not be concerned with the differences.
599:
implements the
Windows USER component that creates and manipulates the standard elements of the Windows user interface, such as the desktop, windows, and menus. It thus enables programs to implement a
262:
HAL.DLL is a kernel-mode library file and it cannot be used by any user-mode program. NTDLL.DLL is only used by some programs, but it is a dependency of most Win32 libraries used by programs.
937:(note the file extension) for MS C 9 and 10 (MSVC 2.x, 4.x) (Back then, the draft C++ Standard Library was integrated within MSVCRT.DLL. It was split up with the release of Visual C++ 5.0)
482:). A common library linked with Native applications is nt.lib, which contains startup code for Native applications, similar to how the C runtime provides startup code for Win32 apps.
415:. Native APIs are also used to implement many of the "kernel APIs" or "base APIs" exported by KERNEL32.DLL. The large majority of Windows applications do not call NTDLL.DLL directly.
1543:
807:
library instead. In older versions of
Windows, programs which linked against MSVCRT.DLL were expected to install a compatible copy in the System32 folder, but this contributed to
3300:
430:. Before the csrss.exe process exists, no Win32 processes may be created, therefore the process that creates it (Smss.exe, the "session manager") must use the native subsystem.
254:. This article provides an overview of the core libraries that are included with every modern Windows installation, on top of which most Windows applications are built.
141:
49:
1167:
Information and
Communications Security: 8th International Conference, ICICS 2006 – Raleigh, NC, USA, December 4–7, 2006 – proceedings
731:
extension is not shown even when "Hide file extensions from known file types" is disabled. The functionality can be restored by copying registry entries and the
437:
Despite having an ".exe" file extension, native applications cannot be executed by the user (or any program in the Win32 or other subsystems). An example is the
2279:
383:
HAL is merged (or statically linked) into ntoskrnl.exe starting with version 2004 of
Windows 10, and the dll only serves as a stub for backwards compatibility.
1390:
493:
and other utility software vendors incorporate Native
Applications within their products, usually to perform some boot-time task that cannot be carried out in
289:. The HAL implements a number of functions that are implemented in different ways by different hardware platforms, which in this context, refers mostly to the
723:, which are automatically created when you drag selected content from an OLE-capable application into an Explorer window or desktop, but you can also use the
1366:
2294:
2459:
1536:
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98:
85:
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as is found in a Win32 application), obtain their command-line arguments via a pointer to an in-memory structure, manage their own memory using the
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160:
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1552:
1306:
1190:
1103:
993:
55:
1410:
966: – Multilanguage Standard Common Object Runtime Library, formerly Microsoft Common Object Runtime Library) and so-called
447:
during the system initialization "Blue Screen". Other prominent examples are the services that implement the various subsystems, such as
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2701:
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2126:
1758:
845:
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creation, and synchronization functions. Many of these are implemented within KERNEL32.DLL by calling corresponding functions in the
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803:
It has shipped with Windows versions since Windows 95 OSR2.5 for use by other Windows components; earlier versions shipped with the
225:
207:
63:
174:
2392:
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145:
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heap API, (which the Win32 heap APIs are just wrappers around—no real difference there) and return execution with a call to
156:
2319:
395:. The Native API is the interface used by user-mode components of the operating system that must run without support from
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2484:
2344:
1701:
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891:
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1496:
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2494:
2349:
2146:
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1811:
1483:
1435:
1113:
646:
API, which provides TCP/IP networking functions and provides partial, broken compatibility with other network APIs.
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2738:
2444:
1943:
1583:
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988:
983:
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134:
90:
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1933:
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1978:
811:
because many installers failed to check the library version against the installed version before replacing it.
600:
1868:
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can then call these functions in the same way on all platforms, without regard for the actual implementation.
181:
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3135:
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882:
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247:
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3014:
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2748:
2419:
2374:
2231:
2184:
250:", which are code libraries that can be used by multiple processes while only one copy is loaded into
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3229:
3074:
3044:
3009:
2899:
2605:
2600:
2504:
2454:
2412:
2382:
2269:
1856:
1821:
1768:
1706:
1055:
1003:
732:
833:), most of the C/C++ runtime was moved into a new DLL, UCRTBASE.DLL, which conforms closely with C99
3175:
3034:
2989:
2964:
2919:
2865:
2664:
2519:
2402:
1851:
1836:
1776:
1696:
1666:
766:
665:, the Advanced Windows 32 Base API DLL, provides security calls and functions for manipulating the
528:
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570:
printers. The functionality has expanded over the years, and now includes support for things like
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865:
Source code for runtime libraries is included in Visual C++ for reference and debugging (e.g. in
788:
532:
490:
419:
309:
drivers. Although drivers for most hardware are contained in other files, commonly of file type
1414:
822:
This runtime library is used by programs written in Visual C++ and a few other compilers (e.g.
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packages for this purpose, though Windows typically comes with one version already installed.
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520:
239:
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407:(and its variants), and the majority of exported symbols within these libraries are prefixed
3185:
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2691:
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2489:
2249:
2046:
1923:
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1676:
1671:
951:
904:
666:
321:
294:
243:
360:, and whether or not multiple processors are present and enabled. (The multiple cores of a
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3079:
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3004:
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1968:
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for each CPU architecture. On Windows 8 and later, the x86 version also only has one HAL.
251:
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1973:
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2011:
2003:
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17:
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2016:
1963:
1928:
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1626:
900:
792:
591:
524:
485:
Though most of the API is undocumented, Native Applications can be built using the
459:
404:
337:
architecture, and the driver source file can be portable across all architectures.
1503: – Tips for using the Kernel API Client Library with Visual Basic
1327:
3039:
2984:
2889:
2743:
2631:
2509:
2364:
2156:
2131:
1726:
998:
506:
325:
300:
For example, responding to an interrupt is quite different on a machine with an
123:
1521:
1490: – Tips for using the User API Client Library with Visual Basic
727:
to create them. They can then be dragged into another OLE-capable application.
511:
The libraries in this section each implement various subsets of the Win32 API.
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2768:
2309:
2199:
2073:
1993:
1918:
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1233:
736:
567:
536:
458:
applications, native applications instantiate within the Kernel runtime code (
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2194:
2083:
2031:
1801:
1493:
1302:
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955:
494:
448:
431:
427:
352:
if necessary. Among the criteria for this selection are: the presence of an
345:
329:
860:
76:
1480:
519:
KERNEL32.DLL exposes to applications most of the Win32 base APIs, such as
3145:
3049:
2909:
2669:
2534:
2164:
2021:
1908:
1893:
1831:
1691:
1651:
1464:"What does the "ms" in "mscorlib" stand for - hint: It's not "Microsoft""
1371:
1026:
The Rootkit Arsenal: Escape and Evasion in the Dark Corners of the System
808:
933:– Microsoft C++ Library, contains the deprecated C++ classes from
3165:
3099:
2837:
2723:
2686:
2674:
2359:
2078:
2051:
2026:
1988:
1686:
1611:
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373:
290:
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2641:
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1948:
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396:
269:
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provides functions for querying and managing network interfaces.
2733:
2407:
2226:
2189:
1512:
Unofficial website that documents most of the Native API methods
856:
353:
310:
1525:
2651:
1983:
1953:
1878:
1307:"How RPC Works: Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | Microsoft Learn"
560:
341:
334:
117:
70:
29:
1218:
Visual Studio Developer Center: Identifying Functions in DLLs
1163:"Modular behavior profiles in systems with shared libraries"
844:) from Windows 10 onwards become a component part of Windows
399:
or other API subsystems. Most of this API is implemented in
867:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\crt\src
654:
are older versions for Win3.11 and Win95 compatibility.
320:
Kernel mode device drivers for devices on buses such as
1249:
Windows graphics programming: Win32 GDI and DirectDraw
1134:
Russinovich, Mark A. & Solomon, David A. (2009).
765:
is responsible for invoking and interacting with the
368:
CPU, all count as "processors" for this purpose.) On
364:, and even the "logical processors" implemented by a
1098:
1096:
927:– Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime, for MSVC 14.0+
826:). Some compilers have their own runtime libraries.
3218:
3113:
2882:
2801:
2794:
2767:
2650:
2624:
2548:
2373:
2240:
2155:
2102:
2002:
1767:
1597:
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1246:
422:directly against this library are said to use the
27:List of main shared-libraries of Microsoft Windows
462:) and so they must have a different entry point (
302:Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)
2429:
1161:Marceau, Carla & Stillerman, Matt (2006).
1029:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 101.
1537:
8:
3301:Microsoft application programming interfaces
1347:"Windows Confidential: Scrapping the Scraps"
328:directly call routines in the HAL to access
604:in a window, and displaying message boxes.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3274:
2798:
1544:
1530:
1522:
1450:"Source Code for the C Run-Time Functions"
555:Initially, GDI supported 16 and 256 color
1079:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 68–69.
1076:Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering
847:, so every compiler (either non MS, like
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
1517:Retrieving the KERNEL32.DLL base address
962:. It has many libraries (one of them is
101:of all important aspects of the article.
1213:
1211:
1015:
313:, a few core drivers are compiled into
1253:. Prentice Hall Professional. p.
274:The Hardware Abstraction Layer in the
97:Please consider expanding the lead to
3151:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
1279:"Common Dialog Box Library (Windows)"
1165:. In Neng, Peng; et al. (eds.).
958:and other .NET languages require the
780:MSVCRT.DLL, MSVCP*.DLL and CRTDLL.DLL
719:mechanism. It implements support for
376:platforms there is just one possible
356:-compatible BIOS, the presence of an
7:
1436:"C++ binary compatibility 2015-2022"
1228:See also, the documentation for the
1104:"Inside Native Windows Applications"
994:List of Microsoft Windows components
242:operating system supports a form of
146:adding citations to reliable sources
2280:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
1052:"Did I miss something? Routines..."
2611:User Interface Privilege Isolation
1328:"WD: What is a Scrap (.shs) file?"
800:is the corresponding C++ library.
717:Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
25:
157:"Microsoft Windows library files"
45:This article has multiple issues.
3273:
3263:
3262:
750:provides access to the original
122:
75:
34:
2340:Remote Differential Compression
1140:. O'Reilly Media. p. 136.
549:Graphics Device Interface (GDI)
434:itself is such an application.
133:needs additional citations for
89:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
3196:Windows System Assessment Tool
601:graphical user interface (GUI)
487:Windows Driver Development Kit
391:NTDLL.DLL exports the Windows
99:provide an accessible overview
1:
1494:API calls list (KERNEL32.DLL)
1232:implementation of GDI32.DLL:
2485:Open XML Paper Specification
2345:Remote Installation Services
1553:Microsoft Windows components
1191:"Inside Native Applications"
892:Microsoft Foundation Classes
697:Object Linking and Embedding
2637:Windows Subsystem for Linux
2596:Mandatory Integrity Control
2350:Windows Deployment Services
2147:Wireless Zero Configuration
1481:API calls list (USER32.DLL)
1050:@PetrBenes (25 July 2019).
3327:
2739:Universal Windows Platform
2445:Kernel Transaction Manager
2430:Hardware Abstraction Layer
2127:Multimedia Class Scheduler
989:Windows NT startup process
984:Architecture of Windows NT
817:Visual C++ Redistributable
589:
504:
293:. Other components in the
283:Hardware Abstraction Layer
276:architecture of Windows NT
3258:
3191:Windows Services for UNIX
2576:Data Execution Prevention
2425:Graphics Device Interface
2315:Network Access Protection
1934:Remote Desktop Connection
1559:
1169:. Springer. p. 371.
403:and at the upper edge of
2556:Security and Maintenance
2500:Security Account Manager
2094:Windows XP visual styles
1332:Microsoft Knowledge Base
972:System.Windows.Forms.dll
942:.NET Framework libraries
539:, exposed by NTDLL.DLL.
285:(HAL) is implemented in
3141:Media Control Interface
2975:Help and Support Center
2591:Kernel Patch Protection
2355:System Resource Manager
2335:Remote Desktop Services
2330:Print Services for UNIX
2112:Service Control Manager
1722:Windows Error Reporting
1642:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
1391:"How to open SHS files"
883:Active Template Library
873:Other runtime libraries
859:) can link against UCRT
3121:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
2697:COM Structured storage
2398:Desktop Window Manager
2290:Windows Media Services
1411:"C Run-Time Libraries"
1023:Blunden, Bill (2009).
693:Component Object Model
468:(w)(Win)MainCRTStartup
418:Applications that are
278:
248:dynamic-link libraries
2749:Windows Mixed Reality
2420:Enhanced Write Filter
2270:Roaming user profiles
1379:on November 10, 2006.
1073:Eilam, Eldad (2011).
903:6.0 Virtual Machine (
590:Further information:
505:Further information:
273:
18:Windows library files
3030:Mobile Device Center
2980:Health & Fitness
2778:Solitaire Collection
2606:User Account Control
2601:Protected Media Path
2505:Server Message Block
2455:Logical Disk Manager
1707:System Policy Editor
1692:System Configuration
1507:Native API reference
1004:Dynamic link library
946:Programs written in
838:Universal C Run Time
142:improve this article
3176:Virtual DOS machine
2520:System Idle Process
2495:Resource Protection
2403:Portable Executable
2295:Active DRM Services
1697:System File Checker
1667:Performance Monitor
1245:Yuan, Feng (2001).
1234:Wine API: gdi32.dll
829:With Version 14.0 (
767:Input Method Editor
258:Internal components
3306:Windows components
3181:Windows on Windows
2905:Backup and Restore
2717:Transaction Server
2435:I/O request packet
2275:Folder redirection
1944:Speech Recognition
1702:System Information
1657:Management Console
1499:2015-11-21 at the
1486:2015-11-21 at the
1283:msdn.microsoft.com
1137:Windows® Internals
935:<iostream.h>
917:– Microsoft
831:Visual Studio 2015
789:C standard library
608:USER32 functions.
547:GDI32.DLL exports
525:input/output (I/O)
491:antivirus software
476:RtlExitUserProcess
279:
3288:
3287:
3214:
3213:
3171:Video for Windows
3126:Games for Windows
2995:Internet Explorer
2089:Windows Spotlight
1732:Windows Installer
1264:978-0-13-086985-2
1176:978-3-540-49496-6
1147:978-0-7356-3796-2
1086:978-1-118-07976-8
1036:978-1-59822-061-2
907:programs require
793:Visual C++ (MSVC)
773:Runtime libraries
721:shell scrap files
580:multiple monitors
521:memory management
441:binary that runs
344:systems prior to
240:Microsoft Windows
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
192:
116:
115:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3318:
3277:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3186:Windows SideShow
2965:Food & Drink
2859:Spider Solitaire
2799:
2692:ActiveX Document
2660:Active Scripting
2616:Windows Firewall
2571:Credential Guard
2250:Active Directory
2047:Indexing Service
1677:Resource Monitor
1672:Recovery Console
1546:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1413:. Archived from
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1375:. Archived from
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
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1205:
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1202:
1193:. Archived from
1187:
1181:
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1158:
1152:
1151:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1112:. Archived from
1100:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1020:
952:Visual Basic.NET
905:Visual Basic.NET
868:
667:Windows Registry
464:NtProcessStartup
424:native subsystem
295:operating system
244:shared libraries
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
191:
150:
126:
118:
111:
108:
102:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
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3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3254:
3222:Microsoft Store
3220:
3210:
3156:POSIX subsystem
3136:File Protection
3109:
3080:Program Manager
3065:Phone Companion
3055:Outlook Express
3005:Make Compatible
2935:Desktop Gadgets
2895:Anytime Upgrade
2878:
2790:
2763:
2754:Windows Runtime
2646:
2620:
2586:Family features
2544:
2369:
2325:DFS Replication
2236:
2151:
2142:Error Reporting
2098:
1998:
1874:Mobility Center
1869:Movies & TV
1763:
1747:Windows Insider
1637:Driver Verifier
1632:Drive Optimizer
1599:
1593:
1584:Booting process
1555:
1550:
1501:Wayback Machine
1488:Wayback Machine
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725:Object Packager
715:is part of the
710:
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686:
675:
660:
642:implements the
637:
626:
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545:
517:
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478:(as opposed to
413:NtDisplayString
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84:This article's
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39:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3308:
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3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Steps Recorder
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2712:OLE Automation
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2480:Object Manager
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2137:Task Scheduler
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2114:
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2106:
2100:
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2069:
2067:Special folder
2064:
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2049:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Voice Recorder
1976:
1971:
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1936:
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1742:Windows Update
1739:
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1714:
1712:System Restore
1709:
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1689:
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1664:
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1624:
1622:Device Manager
1619:
1614:
1612:Command Prompt
1609:
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1601:
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1491:
1476:
1475:External links
1473:
1470:
1469:
1455:
1441:
1427:
1402:
1382:
1367:"VBS.Stages.A"
1358:
1345:Raymond Chen.
1337:
1319:
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1237:
1221:
1207:
1182:
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1058:) – via
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986:
979:
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960:.NET Framework
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925:VCRUNTIME*.DLL
922:
912:
909:.NET Framework
894:
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781:
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759:
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744:
741:
709:
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685:
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674:
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659:
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633:
625:
622:
613:
610:
587:
584:
576:alpha channels
572:TrueType fonts
544:
541:
516:
513:
502:
499:
466:, rather than
411:, for example
388:
385:
366:hyperthreading
362:multi-core CPU
267:
264:
259:
256:
234:
233:
216:
215:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
93:the key points
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3323:
3312:
3311:Windows files
3309:
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3304:
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3299:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3251:
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3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Windows To Go
3199:
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3192:
3189:
3187:
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3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
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3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
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3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Photo Gallery
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
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3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
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3033:
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3028:
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3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:Meeting Space
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:HyperTerminal
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Easy Transfer
2953:
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2933:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
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2673:
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2661:
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2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:Compatibility
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
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2476:
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2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
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2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Library files
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2428:
2426:
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2243:
2239:
2233:
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2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Reparse point
2208:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
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2191:
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2186:
2183:
2181:
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2123:
2120:
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2110:
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2105:
2101:
2095:
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2087:
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2060:
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2055:
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2050:
2048:
2045:
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2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Action Center
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1972:
1970:
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1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Snipping Tool
1937:
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1932:
1930:
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1925:
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1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
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1800:
1798:
1797:Character Map
1795:
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1790:
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1778:
1775:
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1630:
1628:
1625:
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1620:
1618:
1617:Control Panel
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:App Installer
1605:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:Architecture
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1417:on 2011-12-07
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
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1348:
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1320:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1284:
1280:
1274:
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1260:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1197:on 2010-10-23
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1116:on 2010-09-12
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1111:
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786:
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772:
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764:
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749:
742:
740:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
702:
700:
698:
695:, as well as
694:
691:provides the
690:
683:
681:
679:
672:
670:
668:
664:
657:
655:
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649:
645:
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634:
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569:
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564:display cards
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198:February 2013
190:
187:
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180:
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173:
169:
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162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
110:
107:February 2013
100:
94:
92:
87:
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3235:File Manager
3075:Photo Viewer
3010:Media Center
2970:Groove Music
2900:Address Book
2871:
2864:
2857:
2852:Purble Place
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2817:Chess Titans
2815:
2808:
2795:Discontinued
2783:
2776:
2475:Ntoskrnl.exe
2449:
2383:Boot Manager
2375:Architecture
2265:Group Policy
2157:File systems
2057:Saved search
1964:Sticky Notes
1929:Quick Assist
1857:Media Player
1827:Feedback Hub
1822:Fax and Scan
1717:Task Manager
1647:Event Viewer
1627:Disk Cleanup
1458:
1444:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1385:
1377:the original
1370:
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1340:
1331:
1322:
1312:11 September
1310:. Retrieved
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1248:
1240:
1224:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:the original
1185:
1166:
1156:
1136:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1107:
1075:
1068:
1045:
1025:
1018:
971:
964:mscorlib.dll
963:
945:
934:
930:
924:
914:
901:Visual Basic
897:MSVBVM60.DLL
896:
887:
878:
864:
841:
837:
828:
821:
816:
813:
804:
802:
797:
784:
783:
776:
762:
761:
747:
746:
729:
712:
711:
688:
687:
678:NETAPI32.DLL
677:
676:
673:NETAPI32.DLL
663:ADVAPI32.DLL
662:
661:
658:ADVAPI32.DLL
651:
647:
639:
638:
629:COMDLG32.DLL
628:
627:
624:COMDLG32.DLL
620:user input.
617:COMCTL32.DLL
616:
615:
612:COMCTL32.DLL
606:
596:
595:
592:Windows USER
554:
546:
527:operations,
518:
515:KERNEL32.DLL
510:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:ntoskrnl.exe
453:
442:
438:
436:
423:
417:
412:
408:
405:ntoskrnl.exe
400:
390:
382:
377:
349:
339:
319:
314:
307:
299:
286:
281:The Windows
280:
261:
237:
222:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
104:
88:
86:lead section
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3250:Minesweeper
3219:Spun off to
3040:MSN Dial-up
3035:Movie Maker
2940:Diagnostics
2890:ActiveMovie
2632:COMMAND.COM
2510:Shadow Copy
2365:Server Core
2205:Mount Point
2132:Shadow Copy
1727:Windows Ink
999:Windows API
931:MSVCIRT.DLL
754:audio API.
713:SHSCRAP.DLL
708:SHSCRAP.DLL
652:wsock32.dll
507:Windows API
480:ExitProcess
439:autochk.exe
326:PCI Express
3295:Categories
3230:DVD Player
3045:NetMeeting
2945:DriveSpace
2810:3D Pinball
2310:SharePoint
2074:Start menu
1919:Phone Link
1782:Calculator
1737:PowerShell
1598:Management
1421:2011-12-14
1396:2011-12-14
1352:2011-12-14
1288:2017-10-25
1201:2017-08-26
1120:2011-12-14
1010:References
968:assemblies
915:VCOMP*.DLL
805:CRTDLL.DLL
798:MSVCP*.DLL
785:MSVCRT.DLL
737:Windows XP
703:Other APIs
640:WS2_32.DLL
635:WS2_32.DLL
597:USER32.DLL
586:USER32.DLL
568:monochrome
537:native API
393:Native API
246:known as "
168:newspapers
50:improve it
3025:Messenger
3020:Messaging
2950:DVD Maker
2920:CD Player
2915:CardSpace
2866:Solitaire
2566:BitLocker
2561:AppLocker
2195:Hard link
2084:Task View
2062:Namespace
2032:ClearType
1852:Messaging
1837:Magnifier
1802:Clipchamp
1777:3D Viewer
1303:Microsoft
1109:Microsoft
758:IMM32.DLL
748:WINMM.DLL
743:WINMM.DLL
689:OLE32.DLL
684:OLE32.DLL
648:wsock.dll
543:GDI32.DLL
501:Win32 API
495:userspace
449:csrss.exe
432:csrss.exe
428:csrss.exe
401:NTDLL.DLL
387:NTDLL.DLL
346:Windows 8
330:I/O ports
91:summarize
56:talk page
3269:Category
3146:MS-DOS 7
3131:ScanDisk
3050:NTBackup
2930:Contacts
2910:Cardfile
2845:Hold 'Em
2824:FreeCell
2670:VBScript
2581:Defender
2549:Security
2535:Winlogon
2490:Registry
2104:Services
2037:Explorer
2022:AutoPlay
1909:Paint 3D
1894:OneDrive
1884:Narrator
1832:Get Help
1787:Calendar
1682:Settings
1652:IExpress
1497:Archived
1484:Archived
1372:Symantec
978:See also
911:instead)
899:–
890:–
888:MFC*.DLL
881:–
879:ATL*.DLL
809:DLL Hell
791:for the
739:system.
3245:Mahjong
3166:Interix
3100:WinHelp
3000:Journal
2990:Imaging
2838:InkBall
2724:DirectX
2687:ActiveX
2675:JScript
2388:Console
2360:Hyper-V
2255:Domains
2079:Taskbar
2052:IFilter
2027:AutoRun
1989:WordPad
1984:Weather
1899:OneNote
1889:Notepad
1812:Cortana
1687:Sysprep
1060:Twitter
956:C++/CLI
921:runtime
787:is the
735:from a
644:Winsock
529:process
489:; many
454:Unlike
378:hal.dll
374:Itanium
350:hal.dll
315:hal.dll
291:chipset
287:hal.dll
266:HAL.DLL
182:scholar
3278:
3267:
3240:Hover!
3114:Others
3095:Travel
3090:Syskey
2873:Tinker
2831:Hearts
2759:WinUSB
2744:WinAPI
2729:Native
2540:WinUSB
2465:MinWin
2242:Server
2042:Search
1954:Sports
1924:Photos
1914:People
1792:Camera
1261:
1173:
1144:
1083:
1033:
970:(e.g.
919:OpenMP
578:, and
533:thread
444:chkdsk
420:linked
370:x86-64
252:memory
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
3206:WinFS
3105:Write
2802:Games
2769:Games
2642:WoW64
2470:NTLDR
2460:LSASS
2393:CSRSS
2200:links
2175:exFAT
2004:Shell
1969:Store
1959:Start
1949:Skype
1904:Paint
1879:Money
1807:Clock
1754:WinRE
1662:Netsh
1600:tools
1589:Games
1056:Tweet
853:Clang
824:MinGW
763:IMM32
752:WinMM
456:Win32
397:Win32
189:JSTOR
175:books
3280:List
3161:HPFS
2925:Chat
2883:Apps
2785:Surf
2734:.NET
2702:DCOM
2530:WHEA
2525:USER
2515:SMSS
2305:WSUS
2285:MSMQ
2227:ReFS
2190:NTFS
2165:CDFS
2122:CLFS
2117:BITS
2017:Aero
1994:Xbox
1974:Tips
1862:2022
1847:Maps
1842:Mail
1817:Edge
1769:Apps
1564:APIs
1314:2023
1259:ISBN
1230:Wine
1171:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1031:ISBN
857:LLVM
842:UCRT
650:and
566:and
531:and
372:and
358:APIC
354:ACPI
324:and
311:.sys
238:The
161:news
3060:Pay
2960:Fax
2707:OLE
2682:COM
2665:WSH
2652:API
2413:DLL
2408:EXE
2320:PWS
2300:IIS
2260:DNS
2232:UDF
2220:EFS
2215:TxF
2185:FAT
2180:IFS
2170:DFS
1759:WMI
974:).
869:).
851:or
849:GCC
733:DLL
561:VGA
557:EGA
472:Rtl
342:x86
340:On
335:CPU
322:PCI
144:by
3297::
1577:NT
1572:9x
1369:.
1330:.
1305:.
1281:.
1257:.
1255:71
1210:^
1106:.
1095:^
954:,
950:,
948:C#
836:.
769:.
699:.
669:.
582:.
574:,
523:,
497:.
451:.
409:Nt
317:.
59:.
1545:e
1538:t
1531:v
1466:.
1452:.
1438:.
1424:.
1399:.
1355:.
1334:.
1316:.
1291:.
1267:.
1204:.
1179:.
1150:.
1123:.
1089:.
1062:.
1054:(
1039:.
855:/
840:(
559:/
229:)
223:(
211:)
205:(
200:)
196:(
186:·
179:·
172:·
165:·
138:.
109:)
105:(
95:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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