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71:. They are generally constructed of the same material as those of abutments. The wing walls can either be attached to the abutment or be independent of it. Wing walls are provided at both ends of the abutments to retain the earth filling of the approaches. Their design depends upon the nature of the embankment and does not depend upon the type or parts of the bridge.
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The soil and fill supporting the roadway and approach embankment are retained by the wing walls, which can be at a right angle to the abutment or splayed at different angles. The wing walls are generally constructed at the same time and of the same materials as the abutments.
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used for bridges across rivers. They provide smooth entry and exit to the water. The splay is usually 45°. Their top width is 0.5 m, face
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Wing walls can be classified according to their position in plan with respect to banks and abutments. The classification is as follows:
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Wing walls provide smooth entry of water into the bridge site and provide support and protect the embankment. Wing walls can serve as
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used where banks are high and hard or firm. Their top width is 1.5 m and face is vertical and back battered 1 in 4.
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Pierce, Phillip C.; Brungraber, Robert L.; Lichtenstein, Abba; Sabol, Scott; Morrell, J.J.; Lebow, S.T. (April 2005).
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used for small bridges, on drains with low banks and for railway bridges in cities (weep holes are provided).
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can be a problem for wing walls and abutments both, as the water in the stream erodes the supporting soil.
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Melville, Bruce; van
Ballegooy, Sjoerd; Coleman, Stephen; Barkdoll, Brian (2006).
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Descriptive
Geometry, as Applied to the Drawing of Fortification and Stereotomy
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177:, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. Archived from
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1 in 12 and back batter 1 in 6, weep holes are provided..
164:"Covered Bridge Manual: Publication No. FHWA-HRT-04-098"
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to support walls. They can also be purely decorative.
51:attached or next to a larger wall or structure.
205:"Scour Countermeasures for Wing-Wall Abutments"
47:(also "wingwall" or "wing-wall") is a smaller
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247:. New York: John Wiley & Son. pp.
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274:"Two wing walls make all the difference"
221:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:6(563)
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311:This engineering-related article is a
63:, the wing walls are adjacent to the
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315:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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209:Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
171:US Department of Transportation
175:Federal Highway Administration
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79:Classification of wing walls
241:Mahan, Dennis Hart (1873).
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39:is flanked by wing walls.
37:Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania
33:Hassenplug Covered Bridge
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184:on September 24, 2006
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88:Straight wing walls:
261:wing wall buttress.
94:Splayed wing walls:
104:Return wing walls:
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375:Engineering stubs
370:Bridge components
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280:. January 1989
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282:. Retrieved
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253:. Retrieved
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179:the original
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141:"Wing Walls"
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284:February 1,
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226:February 1,
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67:and act as
359:Categories
127:References
121:buttresses
115:Other uses
65:abutments
45:wing wall
18:Wingwalls
147:June 23,
55:Bridges
278:Sunset
98:batter
61:bridge
182:(PDF)
167:(PDF)
108:Scour
59:In a
313:stub
286:2009
257:2009
228:2009
190:2009
149:2015
49:wall
251:–27
217:doi
213:132
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