Władysław IV Vasa - Knowledge (XXG)

1868: 1617:, a militant group living in the Ukraine, near the Ottoman border, who could find worth in such a campaign, and turn their attention to fighting for the Commonwealth, instead of against it. As usual, he failed to inspire the nobility, rarely willing to consider sponsoring another war, to agree to this plan. He received more support from foreign powers, from Rome, Venice and Muscovy. With the promise of funds for the war, Władysław started recruiting troops among the Cossacks in 1646. The opposition of the Sejm, demanding that he dismiss the troops, coupled with Władysław's worsening health, crippled that plan as well. Władysław still did not give up, and attempted to resurrect the plan in 1647, and with the support of magnate 1454:, a settlement which he hoped would ease his way into regaining the Swedish crown. Following the armistice of Stuhmsdorf, Władysław came to increasingly realize that his prospects for regaining the Swedish throne were dim. In the years 1636–1638 he proposed several reforms to strengthen his and his dynasty's power in the Commonwealth. His first plan was an attempt to secure a hereditary province within the country, which would not be threatened by the possible power shift following a future royal election; this, however, did not gain sufficient support in the Sejm. Next, Władysław attempted to create an 518: 765: 629: 1641: 1486: 933: 1833: 958:, Władysław pledged himself to fund a military school and equipment; to find a way to fund a navy; to maintain current alliances; not to raise armies, give offices or military ranks to foreigners, negotiate peace treaties, or declare war without the Sejm's approval; not to take a wife without the Senate's approval; to convince his brothers to take an oath to the Commonwealth; and to transfer the profits from the Royal Mint to the Royal Treasury rather than to a private treasury. When the election result was announced by the 1721: 1006: 925: 1567:. On 16 March 1637 a "family alliance" was signed between the Habsburgs and the Polish-Lithuanian branch of the House of Vasa. Władysław promised not to sign any pacts against the Habsburgs, and to transfer his rights to the Swedish throne in case of his line's extinction; in return, Habsburg promised to support his efforts to regain the Swedish crown, and to transfer to him some territory in case of gains in a war against the Ottomans. The marriage took place in 1637, on 12 September. 49: 1571: 1112: 1462:, but this plan was scuttled down as well, with the szlachta and the magnates seeing this as an attempt to create a royal, loyalist elite, and traditionally opposing anything that could lead to the reduction of their extensive power. Popular vote and opposition also resulted in the failure of the plan to raise taxes from trade tariffs; here it was not only the nobility but even the merchants and burghers from towns, like 370: 711: 1466:(Danzig) who were able to muster enough support (including from foreign powers) to stop the king's reforms. In fact, the defeat of his plans was so total, that he was forced to make certain conciliatory gestures to the nobility, as the Sejm passed several laws constraining his authority (such as to hire foreign troops), further indicating the limits of royal power in the Commonwealth. 4544: 1447:. He realized that such a move would cause much unrest in a heavily Catholic Commonwealth, that he likely lacked the authority and power to push such a change of policy through the Sejm, and that the resulting conflict would be very difficult. From 1636 onward, for the next few years, Władysław strengthened his ties with the Habsburgs. 1914:, although he had no control over Sweden whatsoever and never set foot in that country. However, he continued his attempts to regain the Swedish throne, with a similar lack of results as his father. He might have been willing to trade his claim away, but the offer was never put down in the negotiations. 4188:

Marczali, Henrik (1877). "Candalei Anna II. Ulászló neje, magyarországi útjának és a menyegzői ünnepélyek leírása (Közlemények a párisi Nemzeti könyvtárból 1448–1596, 83–122)" [The Description of the Route to Hungary and the Wedding of Anne of Foix, the Wife of Ladislas II. Announcements from the

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The next few years were similarly unsuccessful with regards to his plans. Eventually, he tried to bypass the opposition in the Sejm with secret alliances, dealings, and intrigues, but did not prove successful. Those plans included schemes such as supporting the Holy Roman Emperor's raid on Inflanty

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In the three months between his election and coronation, Władysław sounded the waters regarding the possibility of a peaceful succession to the Swedish throne, following the recent death of Gustavus Adolphus, but this, as well as his proposal to mediate between Sweden and its enemies, was rejected,

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was expiring. The majority of Polish nobles preferred to solve the problem through negotiations, unwilling to pay taxes for a new war, provided that Sweden was open to negotiations and concessions (in particular, to retreat from the occupied Polish coastal territories). Władysław himself was hoping

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Likely, the failure of this campaign showed Władysław the limits of royal power in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as major factors for the failure included the significant autonomy of the military commanders, which did not see Władysław as their superior, and lack of funds for the army, as the

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In internal politics he attempted to strengthen the power of the monarchy, but this was mostly thwarted by the szlachta, who valued their independence and democratic powers. Władysław suffered continuing difficulties caused by the efforts of the Commonwealth's Sejm (parliament) to check the King's

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One of the king's most substantial achievements was in the cultural sphere; he became a notable patron of the arts. Władysław was a connoisseur of the arts, in particular, theater and music. He spoke several languages and enjoyed reading historical literature and poetry. He collected paintings and

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against France in 1640–1641, and in 1641–1643, with Denmark against Sweden. On the international scene, he attempted to mediate between various religious factions of Christianity, using the tolerant image of the Commonwealth to portray himself as the neutral mediator. He organized a conference in

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Władysław had many plans (dynastic, about wars, territorial gains: regaining Silesia, Inflanty (Livonia), incorporation of Ducal Prussia, creation of his hereditary dukedom etc.), some of them with real chances of success, but for various reasons, most of them ended in failure during his 16-year

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Władysław's last plan was to orchestrate a major war between the European powers and the Ottoman Empire. The border with the Empire was in a near-constant state of low-level warfare; some historians estimate that in the first half of the 17th century, Ottoman raids and wars resulted in the loss

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religion to Roman Catholicism. Sigismund refused to agree to the boyar's request to send prince Władysław to Moscow and his conversion to Orthodoxy. Instead, Sigismund proposed that he should reign as a regent in Muscovy instead. This unrealistic proposal led to a resumption of hostilities. In

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Throughout his life, Władysław successfully defended the Commonwealth against foreign invasions. He was recognized as a good tactician and strategist, who did much to modernize the Commonwealth's Army. Władysław ensured that the officer corps was significantly large so that the army could be

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Some historians see Władysław as a dreamer who could not stick to one policy, and upon running into first difficulties, ditched it and looked for another opportunity. Perhaps it was due to this lukewarmness that Władysław was never able to inspire those he ruled to support, at least in any

450:, strengthening royal power, and reforming the Commonwealth's political system, although he failed at reclaiming the Swedish throne. Despite that failure, his personal charisma and popularity among all segments of society contributed to relative internal calm in the Commonwealth. 1803:

in Warsaw. The column, dedicated to his father, was designed by the Italian-born architect Constantino Tencalla and the sculptor Clemente Molli, and cast by Daniel Tym. He was less interested in decorative architecture; he supported the construction of two palaces in Warsaw –

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During that period and afterwards, he lobbied for support for his candidature for the Polish-Lithuanian throne, as his father, Sigismund, was getting more advanced in his age, and the succession to the throne did not occur through inheritance but rather through the process of

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Władysław has been described as outgoing and friendly, with a sense of humor, optimistic, a "people's person", able to charm many of those who interacted with him. On the other hand, he had a short temper and when angered, could act without considering all consequences.

1021:. Władysław proved to be a good tactician, and his innovations in the use of artillery and fortifications based on Western ideas greatly contributed to the eventual Polish–Lithuanian success. King Władysław wanted to continue the war or, because the Polish–Swedish 1482:). This was however unpopular, both with Catholic nobles and the Catholic Church, and when it became clear to Władysław that this would not convince the Swedes to elect him to their throne, this plan, with quiet support from Władysław himself, was dropped. 1952:

Vladislaus Quartus Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniaeque, Smolenscie, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque necnon Suecorum, Gothorum Vandalorumque haereditarius rex, electus magnus dux

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that returned the status quo from before the Ottoman invasion. This peace treaty also gave Władysław an international reputation as a "defender of the Christian faith", and increased his popularity in the Commonwealth itself.

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In 1624, King Sigismund decided that the time had come for Władysław to travel, like many of his peers, to Western Europe. For security reasons, Władysław travelled under a fake name, Snopkowski (from Polish Snopek, meaning

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Władysław had no children with his second wife, and his first wife bore him only two children (Maria Anna Izabela and Zygmunt Kazimierz), both of them died in their youth. He had at least one known illegitimate son,

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reign. Though his grand international political plans failed, he did improve the Commonwealth foreign policy, supporting the establishment of a network of permanent diplomatic agents in important European countries.

913:. While Władysław, and his father tried to ensure Władysław's election during Sigismund's lifetime, this was not a popular option for the nobility, and it repeatedly failed, up to and including at the sejm of 1631. 457:. Władysław's death marked the end of relative stability in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as conflicts and tensions that had been growing over several decades came to a head with devastating consequences. The 756:. He reportedly he was stricken with illness but despite that proved a voice of reason, convincing other Polish commanders there to stay and fight. His advice was correct, and the battle eventually ended with a 1903:

power and limit his dynastic ambitions. Władysław was fed up with the weak position of the king in the Commonwealth; his politics included attempting to secure a small, preferably hereditary territory – like a

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Władysław tried to regain the tsar's throne himself, organizing a campaign in 1616. Despite some military victories, he was unable to capture Moscow. The Commonwealth gained some disputed territories in the

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for a war, which could yield some more significant territorial gains, and even managed to gather a sizeable army, with navy elements, near the disputed territories. Sweden, weakened by involvement in the

465:", 1655–1660) weakened the country and diminished Poland's status as a regional power. For that reason, Władysław's reign was seen in following decades as a bygone golden era of stability and prosperity. 1559:). However, before everything was confirmed and signed Ferdinand II died and Ferdinand III backed from giving the Silesian duchy to the son of Władysław. Instead a dowry was awarded to be secured by the 1628:, then seven years old, suddenly fell ill and died; the death of his only legitimate heir to the throne was a major blow to the king, whose grief prevented his attendance at the boy's funeral held in 1867: 1601:

After Cecilia's death in 1644, the ties between Władysław and the Habsburgs were somewhat loosened. In turn, the relations with France improved, and eventually Władysław married the French princess

6704: 1712:, who were seen by people farther from the court as taking advantage of the king. He has also been known to maintain several mistresses throughout his life, including during his married period. 849:. It was during his stay with Spinola that he was impressed by Western military techniques; this was later reflected when he became king, as military matters were always important to him. 573:

noble. Around early 17th century Urszula lost much of her influence, as Władysław gained new teachers and mentors, including such priests as Marek Łętkowski, Gabriel Prowancjusz, and

1087:(Sztumska Wieś) on 12 September 1635, favourable to the Commonwealth, which regained the Prussian territories, and called for a reduction of the Swedish tolls on the maritime trade. 1083:, was however open to a peaceful solution. Władysław could not go against the decision of the Sejm and Senate, and agreed to support the treaty. Thus both sides agreed to sign the 427:, but did not assume the throne because of his father's position and a popular uprising. Nevertheless, until 1634, he used the titular title of grand duke of Moscow. Following his 599:. It was reported that young Władysław was interested in arts; later this led to him becoming an important patron of the arts. He spoke and wrote in German, Italian and Latin. 721:

Before he was elected king of the Commonwealth, Władysław fought in many campaigns, seeking personal glory. After his final campaign against Russians in 1617–18 (the end of

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had 6 Protestant members; at the time of his death, it had 11. Despite his support for religious tolerance, he did fail, however, to resolve the conflict stemming from the

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Historian Władysław Czapliński claimed that Sigismund's death resulted from a heart attack, however, witnesses recorded that the king "lay paralysed" and died of a stroke.

1667:. The King's condition supposedly worsened as he was given the incorrect medication to treat the ailment. Being aware that these might be his final days, the King had his 1324: 1045:

in exchange for Wladyslaw's renunciation of all claims to the tsardom and return of the royal insignia, which were in the Commonwealth possession since the Dymitriads.

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in his biography of the king is more understanding, noting the short period of his reign (16 years) and the weakness of the royal position he was forced to deal with.

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Władysław was criticized for being a spendthrift; he lived lavishly, spending more than his royal court treasury could afford. He also dispensed much wealth among his

4314: 4310: 6189: 1439:. His relationship with the Habsburgs was relatively strong; although he was not above carrying some negotiations with their enemies, like France, he refused 5617: 5248: 5121: 1613:(death or enslavement) of about 300,000 Commonwealth citizens in the borderlands. The war, Władysław hoped, would also solve the problem of unrest among the 4566: 4173: 1758:

of opera to Poland. Władysław's attention to theater contributed to the spread of this art form in Poland. He was also interested in poetry, as well as in

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split. Despite his support for the Protestants, he did not stop the growing tide of intolerance, either in Poland or abroad, as shown by the fate of the

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in the palace, the first theater in Poland, where during his reign dozens of operas and ballets were performed. He is credited with bringing the very

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Władysław's mother died on 10 February 1598, less than three years after giving birth to him. He was raised by one of her former ladies of the court,

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in the cited reference work (Czapliński 1976). Czapliński also mentions that Władysław suffered from ill health throughout his life, related to

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to the Imperial Court, to work on improving the Imperial-Commonwealth relations. The king's trusted confessor, father Walerian Magni (of

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Sigismund suffered a sudden stroke in late April 1632 and died in the morning hours of 30 April, forcing the matter to be raised again.

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by paternal inheritance, but was never able to gain possession of that throne. His titles were the longest of any Polish king ever.

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in 1632, he was largely successful in defending the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against foreign invasion, most notably in the

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Several years after his death, a diplomatic mission from Muscovy demanded that publications about Władysław's victories in the

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In the meantime, Władysław still tried to take a leading role in European politics, and negotiate a peaceful settlement to the

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it forced the Turks to renew a peace treaty. In the resulting treaty, both countries agreed again to curb the border raids by

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During that campaign Władysław started the modernisation program of the Commonwealth army, emphasising the usage of modern

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paintings, much of which were lost in the wars after his death. He sponsored many musicians and in 1637 created the first

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he was impressed by opera, and decided to bring this form of art to the Commonwealth, where it was previously unknown.

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would soon be expiring, ally with the Russians to strike against Sweden. However, the Sejm wanted no more conflict. As

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eventually chose Władysław; there were no other serious contenders. The decision was reached on 8 November, but as the

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After the southern campaign, the Commonwealth had to deal with a threat from the north, as the armistice, ending the

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he witnessed a specially organized mock naval battle, experiences that resulted in his later attempt to create the

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invaded the Commonwealth. A Muscovite army crossed Lithuania's eastern frontier in October 1632 and laid siege to

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Notable painters and engravers Władysław supported and who attended his royal court included Peter Paul Rubens,

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In an attempt to take advantage of the confusion expected after the death of the Commonwealth's king, Tsar

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This article is about the 17th-century Polish king. For another person called Władysław IV of Poland, see

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He died without a legitimate son and was succeeded to the Polish-Lithuanian throne by his half-brother,

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Władysław moved the Commonwealth army south of the border with Russia, where under the command of the

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His election was ruined by his father, Sigismund, who aimed to convert Muscovy's population from

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issues. There were months-long periods, particularly in 1635 and 1639, when he could not walk.

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noted: "under the reign of Władysław IV, such a shameful event would have never been allowed."

678:) were prematurely stuck in the Russian mints in Moscow and Novgorod with Władysław's titulary 6529: 6390: 6122: 6021: 5878: 5539: 5511: 5479: 5435: 5417: 5382: 5277: 5007: 4833: 4522: 4501: 4482: 4464: 4451: 4432: 4392: 4343: 4067: 3178: 2720: 1805: 1770: 1689: 1648: 1625: 1455: 1363: 1329: 1034: 1022: 788: 652:. Later that year, Władysław, aged 15, was elected as tsar by Russia's aristocracy council of 589: 535:

to Sigismund III was a traditional, politically motivated marriage, intended to tie the young

446:. Władysław was also a renowned patron of the arts and music. He gained fame by defeating the 358: 294: 214: 54: 4138: 795:

use its naval superiority to demand concessions from Gdańsk (the Commonwealth had no navy).

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In 1632 Władysław was elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. He claimed to be

1111: 859:, Władysław was known as a fairly skilful commander on his own. In Rome he was welcomed by 648:, where he witnessed the fire of Vilnius, which required the royal family to evacuate from 5933: 5918: 5519: 5494: 5352: 5157: 5090: 4971: 4680: 4599: 2637: 1778: 1763: 1598:(Thorn) that began on 28 January 1645, but it failed to reach any meaningful conclusions. 1520: 1516: 1248: 1048:

Following the Smolensk campaign, the Commonwealth was threatened by another attack by the

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At the age of 10, he received his own prince court. He formed a friendship with brothers

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Ward, Adolphus William; Prothero, George Walter; Leathes, Stanley Mordaunt, eds. (1911).

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Early in his reign, there were plans regarding a marriage of Władysław and Princess

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were not yet ready, the official announcement was delayed until 13 November. In the

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in 1629, was rather limited, and he spent much time in other parts of the country.

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in 1626, depicts treasures purchased by the Prince during his journey across Europe.

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Dzieje krolewstwa polskiego krotko lat porzadkiem opisane przez Jana Albertrandego

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Dzieje narodu polskiego za panowania Władysława IV. krola polskiego i szweckiego

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1637 medal commemorating Władysław IV's victories over Russia, Turkey and Sweden

1759: 1685: 1575: 1497: 4559: 1527:) on 26 October 1636 with consent and performed negotiations. The Archduchess' 588:, much respected by Sigmismund III. Władysław studied for several years in the 6341: 6332: 5692: 5023: 4945: 4255: 4048: 2609: 1815: 1724: 1672: 1660: 1656: 1512: 818: 722: 190: 4396: 4177:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–262. 4166: 1848:

expanded; introduced foreign (Western) infantry to the Polish Army, with its

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While not a military genius, and surpassed by his contemporary, Commonwealth

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Queen Liberty: The Concept of Freedom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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The confusion stems from an undisambiguated use of the Polish medical term

1692:. As he had no legitimate male heirs, he was succeeded by his half-brother 1629: 1463: 975: 784: 548: 210: 4543: 1933:. Eventually, to much controversy, their demand was met. Polish historian 6414: 6373: 6368: 6346: 6274: 5733: 5699: 5678: 5059: 5033: 4218:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160 1987: 1967: 1896: 1744: 1709: 1614: 1595: 1547:. Additionally the son of Władysław and Cecilia Renata was to obtain the 1064: 1014: 1009:

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of Władysław IV, ca. 1635

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as a prince of Poland and of Sweden, Władysław IV was the eldest son of

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long series of struggles between Poland and the Ottomans over Moldavia

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primarily by the Swedish chancellor and head of the regency council,

1068: 1057: 890: 875: 853: 838: 822: 776: 675: 617: 543:. Władysław was born 9 June 1595 at the King's summer residence in 4715: 2003: 1947: 1904: 1866: 1831: 1755: 1719: 1639: 1569: 1528: 1484: 1004: 923: 871: 842: 709: 627: 516: 4367:; Rosalak, Maciej (24 July 2007). "Władysław IV Waza 1595–1658". 4291: 4289: 3112: 3110: 1799:

One of the most renowned works he ordered was the raising of the

4570:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 765–767, see page 767. 3782: 3780: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3605: 3603: 3590: 3588: 3527: 3525: 3449: 3447: 3393: 3391: 3315: 3313: 3228: 3226: 3082: 3080: 2568: 879: 699: 694:. He held on to the title, without any real power, until 1634. 6171: 5599: 5230: 4719: 3213: 3211: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 489:

in 1592, only to be deposed in 1599 by his uncle, subsequently

3097: 3095: 2941: 2939: 2937: 442:

and carried out military reforms, such as the founding of the

2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2912: 2910: 2908: 1743:. Władysław assembled an important collection of Italian and 4028: 3971: 3969: 3920: 3918: 3845: 3843: 3755: 3753: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3476: 3474: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3330: 3328: 2883: 2881: 2856: 2854: 2852: 1110: 3043: 3041: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 680:

Tsar and Grand Prince Vladislav Zigimontovych of all Russia

2803: 2801: 2799: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2738: 2736: 1785:, and Christian Melich. His royal orchestra was headed by 1762:

and historical and scientific works; he corresponded with

1659:(Merecz) in early 1648, Władysław suffered from a case of 1535:, the Emperor also promised to pay the dowries of both of 901:. His involvement in this conflict, which lasted till the 5218:

Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden

2535:

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)

1899:, a group that he respected and counted on in his plans. 889:

After returning to Poland, he fought in 1626 against the

461:

in the east (1648) and the subsequent Swedish invasion ("

4254:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via 2588:, but he played no significant role in Polish politics. 1879:

and did not support the more aggressive policies of the

1814:. Among other works sponsored by or dedicated to him is 640:, in 1609, the royal family moved to their residence in 4862:

King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

4047:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via 2559:

After some discussions early on, he chose the title of

1958:

In English: "Władysław IV, by grace of God the King of

1852:

and early firearms, and supported the expansion of the

1675:. Władysław died around 02:00 at night on 20 May 1648. 810:). On the long voyage (1624–25), he was accompanied by 1002:, which was then forced to surrender on 1 March 1634. 429:

election as king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania

2673: 1431:

Władysław IV owed nominal allegiance to the Imperial

584:

Much of his curriculum was likely designed by Father

4857:

King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

4189:

National Library of Paris in French 1448–1596].

6695:

Polish people of the Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)

6571: 6562: 6484: 6471: 6433: 6331: 6307: 6288: 6264: 6255: 6232: 6223: 6078: 6030: 6007: 5983: 5962: 5817: 5752: 5724: 5633: 5510: 5426: 5264: 5187: 5166: 5150: 5114: 5083: 5047: 5016: 4995: 4964: 4938: 4922: 4901: 4885: 4849: 4811: 4780: 4415:] (in Polish). Warsaw: PW "Wiedza Poweszechna". 435:of 1632–1634 in which he participated personally. 419:Władysław was elected as the tsar of Russia by the 364: 354: 344: 334: 322: 293: 226: 201: 180: 160: 156: 146: 136: 126: 114: 104: 94: 84: 73: 62: 41: 4247:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 4237:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" 4040:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 2872: 493:. This resulted in a long-standing feud, with the 4450:(in Polish). Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. 744:In 1620, he took part in the second phase of the 4252:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 4045:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 1860:resulted in the creation of a new port village, 1589:in 1639, which he hoped would lead to a war; an 878:he was impressed by the local shipyards, and in 4872:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków 4572:Wladislaus IV. (1595–1648), king of Poland..... 4448:Katalog monet polskich 1632–1648 (Władysław IV) 3986: 3984: 612:) were unpopular and eventually crushed in the 4446:Kamiński, Czesław; Kurpiewski, Janusz (1984). 1739:created a notable gallery of paintings in the 1496:'s proposal of marriage between Władysław and 775:), according to artist's signature painted in 729:in 1619 looking for an opportunity to aid the 6183: 5611: 5242: 4731: 4391:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ksiażka i wiedza. 4022: 4020: 2661: 1907:– where his position would be much stronger. 1404: 501:claiming the Swedish throne. This led to the 8: 4956:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland 4518:Genealogia Jagiellonów i Domu Wazów w Polsce 4481:(in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. 3975: 3798: 3181:. Various authors and editors. 24 July 2007. 3059: 2984: 2916: 2887: 2860: 2819: 2790: 741:, an opportunity that never materialized. 714:Władysław IV in an 18th-century portrait by 6158:indicates monarch of questioned historicity 4839:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland 4315:Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917) 4311:Bibliography of Russian history (1223–1613) 4280: 3116: 27:Ruler of Poland-Lithuania from 1632 to 1648 6705:People of the Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21) 6568: 6481: 6261: 6229: 6190: 6176: 6168: 5618: 5604: 5596: 5249: 5235: 5227: 4738: 4724: 4716: 4621: 4479:Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów: Srebny Wiek 4295: 4268: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3849: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3786: 3771: 3759: 3744: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3680: 3656: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3594: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3465: 3453: 3438: 3421: 3409: 3397: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3334: 3319: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3202: 3190: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3128: 3101: 3086: 3047: 3032: 3020: 3008: 2996: 2957: 2945: 2928: 2899: 2843: 2831: 2807: 2771: 2754: 2742: 2035: 2026: 1411: 1397: 1094: 47: 38: 5214:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage 5122:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten 3217: 3151: 253: 4062:Larsson, Lars-Olof (10 September 2002). 931: 763: 752:. In 1621, he was a Polish commander at 5055:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland 4877:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole 4602:Kunstkammer and opera of Władysław Vasa 4143:. Vol. XIII. Macmillan. p. 67 4097:(in Swedish). Vol. 25. Stockholm: 4001:(in Swedish). Vol. 20. Stockholm: 2706: 2630: 1476:Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine 1385: 1362: 1309: 1261: 1228: 1200: 1120: 1102: 831:Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain 769:Art Collection of Prince Władysław Vasa 4755:The generations indicate descent from 4339:Najsłynniejsze miłości królów polskich 4064:Gustav Vasa – Landsfader eller tyrann? 3071: 2396: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2154: 2044: 2040: 1918:significant manner, any of his plans. 3668: 2472: 2462: 2458: 2446: 2440: 2430: 2414: 2404: 2400: 2384: 2378: 2368: 2352: 2342: 2338: 2326: 2320: 2310: 2294: 2284: 2280: 2256: 2246: 2230: 2220: 2216: 2204: 2198: 2188: 2172: 2162: 2158: 2142: 2136: 2126: 2110: 2100: 2096: 2084: 2078: 2068: 2052: 2048: 978:on 6 February in the following year. 257: 7: 5179:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland 5174:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 5096:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 1041:. Muscovy also agreed to pay 20,000 895:last phase of the Polish–Swedish War 733:in their struggle against the Czech 5210:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania 5003:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa 4977:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 4798:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland 4327:(in Polish). K. Jabloński. p. 1875:The king, while Catholic, was very 1858:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy 884:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy 5137:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna 5070:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 4066:(in Swedish). Prisma. p. 21. 4030:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" 1727:of King Władysław IV, held at the 1054:wars against Ottomans in 1633–1634 25: 6700:Polish people of the Smolensk War 5106:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland 4829:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland 4389:At the Court of King Władysław IV 3412:, pp. 179–180, 183, 205–208. 1624:On 9 August 1647, his young son, 1607:Charles I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua 1505:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 521:Prince Władysław, aged about 10, 5101:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 4765:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 4542: 4498:Wawel i Skałka: panteony polskie 3991:Lager-Kromnow, Birgitta (1973). 1910:Władysław used the title of the 1494:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 827:Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria 702:) refused to subsidize the war. 674:1611-12, silver and gold coins ( 636:With the intensification of the 385:(9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was 368: 197:, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 5142:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland 5127:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland 4515:Wdowiszewski, Zygmunt (2017) . 2323:Charles II, Archduke of Austria 2297:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 2010:, elected Grand Duke of Moscow. 1839:, erected by Władysław IV, 1644 1684:were interred in the Chapel of 1671:dictated and then received his 1603:Ludwika Maria Gonzaga de Nevers 393:and claimant of the thrones of 282: 249: 6209:List of early Lithuanian dukes 5132:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland 5039:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna 5029:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland 4521:. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Avalon. 4369:Rzeczpospolita and Mówią Wieki 4027:von Hurter, Friedrich (1861). 2873:Kamiński & Kurpiewski 1984 2595: 2578: 2554: 2030:Ancestors of Władysław IV Vasa 1929:of 1633–1634 be collected and 1515:religious order), and voivode 1076:Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629) 592:, and for two years, in Rome. 569:was Michał Konarski, a Polish- 551:, a few months after the main 300: 175:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1: 6715:Disinherited European royalty 6635:17th-century Russian monarchs 5065:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland 4463:Kwiatkowski, Kajetan (1823). 4429:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 4385:Na Dworze Króla Władysława IV 4371:. Władcy Polski (in Polish). 3864:. The National Gallery London 2530:History of Poland (1569–1795) 2443:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria 1591:attempted alliance with Spain 1579: 1574:Portrait of Władysław IV, by 1480:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 928:Władysław IV Vasa, coronation 638:Polish intervention in Russia 597:Adam and Stanisław Kazanowski 522: 6690:Burials at Vilnius Cathedral 6680:Knights of the Golden Fleece 6640:17th-century Polish monarchs 6550:Stanisław August Poniatowski 6143:Stanisław August Poniatowski 4763:, and continues through the 4609:Timeline of Władysław's life 4191:Hungarian Historical Journal 4140:The Cambridge Modern History 3939:, pp. 348–349, 384–385. 3912:, pp. 193–194, 222–223. 3424:, pp. 183–184, 205–208. 3271:, pp. 190–191, 196–197. 3259:, pp. 186–187, 200–201. 3247:, pp. 185–186, 196–197. 3171:Władysław IV Waza 1595–1658. 2565:electus Magnus Dux Moscoviae 2561:elected Grand Duke of Moscow 897:, where he took part in the 812:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł 412:and Sigismund's first wife, 6525:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki 6214:List of Lithuanian monarchs 6118:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki 5859:Władysław III Spindleshanks 5195:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne 5075:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke 4982:Crown Prince Charles August 4469:(in Polish). N. Glücksberg. 4099:National Archives of Sweden 4094:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon 4003:National Archives of Sweden 3998:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon 2674: 2475:Archduchess Anna of Austria 2355:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 1998:and hereditary King of the 1557:Duchy of Opole and Racibórz 698:Commonwealth's parliament ( 602:Władysław was liked by the 577:and in military matters by 555:had been consumed by fire. 425:Polish army captured Moscow 6736: 6710:Burials at Wawel Cathedral 5318:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir 4425:Historia Polski, 1505–1764 4413:Władysław IV and His Times 4308: 2390: 2274: 2148: 2042: 1883:. When he took power, the 1856:. His attempt to create a 1489:Władysław IV in later life 1460:Order of the Golden Fleece 1437:Order of the Golden Fleece 505:of 1600–1629 and later to 32:Władysław I the Elbow-High 29: 6596: 6203: 6151: 5949:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania 5828:Senior or Supreme Princes 5266:Grand princes of Vladimir 5203: 4753: 4704: 4695: 4687: 4677: 4664: 4656: 4651: 4624: 4500:(in Polish). Ossolineum. 4409:Władysław IV i jego czasy 4321:Albertrandy, Jan (1846). 2719:. BRILL. 17 August 2012. 2662: 2460: 2452: 2424: 2417:Albert V, Duke of Bavaria 2402: 2398: 2362: 2340: 2332: 2304: 2282: 2278: 2240: 2218: 2210: 2182: 2160: 2156: 2120: 2098: 2090: 2062: 2046: 1645:Władysław IV on Horseback 1501:Cecilia Renata of Austria 238:Cecilia Renata of Austria 46: 6650:Grand dukes of Lithuania 6257:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 5944:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca 5363:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes 5258:List of Russian monarchs 4867:Prince Alexander Charles 4824:Gustav, Prince of Uglich 4421:Gierowski, Józef Andrzej 4242:von Wurzbach, Constantin 4215:Neue Deutsche Biographie 4087:Dahlbäck, Göran (1985). 4035:von Wurzbach, Constantin 3976:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 3951:, pp. 122–123, 187. 3876:, pp. 170, 217–218. 3799:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 3349:, pp. 205, 211–212. 2985:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2917:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2888:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2861:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2820:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2791:Bohun & Rosalak 2007 2586:Władysław Konstanty Vasa 2567:) rather than that of a 1729:Kunsthistorisches Museum 1302:Anna Catherine Constance 646:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 5924:Dukes of Greater Poland 5313:Yaroslav II of Vladimir 4671:Grand Duke of Lithuania 4567:Encyclopædia Britannica 4549:Wladislaus IV of Poland 4234:Hübner, Johann (1860). 4174:Encyclopædia Britannica 4125:Encyclopædia Britannica 2139:Sigismund III of Poland 1531:was agreed for 100,000 1519:arrived in Regensburg ( 1085:Armistice of Stuhmsdorf 817:First, he travelled to 787:(Danzig), he witnessed 748:, a consequence of the 477:, grandson of Sweden's 473:Władysław IV's father, 391:Grand Duke of Lithuania 339:Sigismund III of Poland 68:Grand Duke of Lithuania 6670:Polish Roman Catholics 6535:Augustus II the Strong 6128:Augustus II the Strong 6045:Władysław III of Varna 5929:Dukes of Little Poland 5834:Władysław II the Exile 5789:Casimir I the Restorer 5783:Bolesław the Forgotten 5512:Emperors of all Russia 4617:Quotes about Władysław 4496:Rożek, Michał (1995). 4342:(in Polish). Bellona. 4336:Besala, Jerzy (2009). 3993:"Katarina Jagellonica" 2683: 2657: 2649: 2641: 2259:Władysław IV of Poland 1872: 1840: 1775:Peter Danckerts de Rij 1735: 1652: 1585: 1524: 1490: 1115: 1061:Stanisław Koniecpolski 1010: 941: 929: 857:Stanisław Koniecpolski 814:and other courtiers. 780: 773:Royal Castle in Warsaw 718: 633: 614:Zebrzydowski Rebellion 528: 383:Ladislaus IV of Poland 18:Wladyslaw IV of Poland 6540:Stanisław Leszczyński 6500:Anna the Jagiellonian 6459:Sigismund II Augustus 6425:Sigismund Kęstutaitis 6198:Monarchs of Lithuania 6070:Sigismund II Augustus 6040:Władysław II Jagiełło 6017:Louis I the Hungarian 5999:Casimir III the Great 5894:Bolesław V the Chaste 5869:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot 5839:Bolesław IV the Curly 5809:Bolesław III Wrymouth 5716:Piast the Wheelwright 5323:Andrey II of Vladimir 5293:Vsevolod the Big Nest 5206:Also prince of Norway 4987:King Charles XIV John 4580:Bibliotheca Augustana 4561:"Wladislaus IV" 4405:Czapliński, Władysław 4381:Czapliński, Władysław 4208:Walter Goetz (1953), 3173:Władcy Polski Nr 23. 2658:Vladislav IV av Polen 2175:Sigismund I of Poland 2113:Margaret Leijonhufvud 1870: 1835: 1723: 1643: 1573: 1488: 1114: 1008: 946:election sejm of 1632 935: 927: 829:. In Brussels he met 767: 713: 658:, who overthrew tsar 631: 520: 6685:Nobility from Kraków 6564:Kingdom of Lithuania 6545:August III the Saxon 6520:John II Casimir Vasa 6225:Kingdom of Lithuania 6113:John II Casimir Vasa 6032:Jagiellonian dynasty 5994:Władysław I Łokietek 5794:Bolesław II the Bold 5767:Bolesław I the Brave 5436:Ivan IV the Terrible 5303:Konstantin of Rostov 5283:Andrei I Bogolyubsky 5158:King Carl XVI Gustaf 5091:King Gustaf VI Adolf 4972:King Gustav IV Adolf 4930:King Adolf Frederick 4834:King Gustav II Adolf 4551:at Wikimedia Commons 3131:, pp. 125, 138. 1920:Władysław Czapliński 1694:John II Casimir Vasa 783:In 1623, while near 716:Marcello Bacciarelli 671:the Eastern Orthodox 495:Commonwealth's kings 459:Khmelnytsky Uprising 455:John II Casimir Vasa 271:Marie Louise Gonzaga 256:; died 109:John II Casimir Vasa 6495:Henry III of Valois 6454:Sigismund I the Old 6333:House of Gediminids 6065:Sigismund I the Old 6009:Capet-Anjou dynasty 5899:Leszek II the Black 5889:Bolesław the Horned 5849:Casimir II the Just 5844:Mieszko III the Old 5428:Tsars of all Russia 5403:Vasily II the Blind 5343:Dmitry of Pereslavl 5308:Yuri II of Vladimir 5298:Yuri II of Vladimir 5288:Mikhail of Vladimir 4598:30 May 2013 at the 4556:Bain, Robert Nisbet 4298:, pp. 120–121. 4168:"Ferdinand I" 3900:, pp. 219–220. 3888:, pp. 217–218. 3825:, pp. 324–326. 3813:, pp. 333–335. 3789:, pp. 330–333. 3747:, pp. 384–385. 3726:, pp. 291–292. 3683:, pp. 121–122. 3659:, pp. 379–380. 3624:, pp. 374–378. 3612:, pp. 366–368. 3597:, pp. 360–361. 3558:, pp. 353–356. 3534:, pp. 348–352. 3519:, pp. 337–342. 3507:, pp. 336–337. 3495:, pp. 272–274. 3456:, pp. 214–215. 3400:, pp. 240–258. 3385:, pp. 229–233. 3373:, pp. 225–228. 3322:, pp. 208–211. 3307:, pp. 128–133. 3283:, pp. 200–201. 3235:, pp. 171–176. 3220:, pp. 370–372. 3154:, pp. 235–236. 3119:, pp. 164–166. 3089:, pp. 102–118. 2201:Catherine of Poland 1881:Counter-Reformation 1655:While hunting near 1619:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki 1435:as a member of the 1027:Stanisław Łubieński 988:Michael I of Russia 960:Crown Grand Marshal 539:to the prestigious 440:religious tolerance 314:Władysław Konstanty 311:Maria Anna Isabella 6510:Sigismund III Vasa 6435:House of Jagiellon 6309:House of Mindaugas 6266:House of Mindaugas 6234:House of Mindaugas 6103:Sigismund III Vasa 5954:Dukes of Pomerania 5884:Henry II the Pious 5799:Władysław I Herman 5777:Mieszko II Lambert 5627:Monarchs of Poland 5408:Ivan III the Great 5348:Andrey of Gorodets 5338:Vasily of Kostroma 4626:Władysław IV Vasa 4586:"Vasa's genealogy" 3862:The Rape of Europa 2757:, pp. 11, 18. 2081:John III of Sweden 2055:Gustav I of Sweden 1873: 1841: 1837:Sigismund's Column 1821:The Rape of Europa 1801:Sigismund's Column 1783:Bartłomiej Strobel 1736: 1653: 1586: 1503:(sister of future 1491: 1441:Cardinal Richelieu 1141:Cecilia Månsdotter 1116: 1011: 982:Military campaigns 942: 930: 781: 746:Polish–Ottoman War 719: 634: 579:Zygmunt Kazanowski 529: 503:Polish–Swedish War 485:his father to the 475:Sigismund III Vasa 423:in 1610, when the 99:Sigismund III Vasa 6610: 6609: 6592: 6591: 6558: 6557: 6530:John III Sobieski 6515:Ladislaus IV Vasa 6473:Polish–Lithuanian 6467: 6466: 6406: 6394: 6382: 6365: 6290:House of Monomakh 6251: 6250: 6165: 6164: 6123:John III Sobieski 6108:Władysław IV Vasa 6080:Elective monarchy 5964:Přemyslid dynasty 5879:Henry the Bearded 5593: 5592: 5393:Dmitry of the Don 5368:Alexander of Tver 5278:Yuri I Dolgorukiy 5224: 5223: 4951:King Charles XIII 4714: 4713: 4705:Succeeded by 4678:Succeeded by 4584:Marek, Miroslav. 4547:Media related to 4507:978-83-04-04058-8 3714:, pp. 69–70. 3104:, pp. 64–71. 3060:Wdowiszewski 2017 3035:, pp. 88–90. 3011:, pp. 80–81. 2948:, pp. 63–66. 2931:, pp. 56–59. 2834:, pp. 19–21. 2684:Ladislaus IV Vasa 2675:Vladislav IV Vaza 2672: 2663:Владислав IV Ваза 2642:Władysław IV Waza 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 1806:Kazanowski Palace 1794:Bartłomiej Pękiel 1771:Tommaso Dolabella 1690:Vilnius Cathedral 1626:Sigismund Casimir 1458:, similar to the 1456:order of chivalry 1452:Thirty Years' War 1421: 1420: 1364:Gustavus Adolphus 1330:Gustavus Adolphus 1297:Alexander Charles 1292:Charles Ferdinand 1081:Thirty Years' War 1035:Peace of Polyanov 1023:Treaty of Altmark 936:Władysław IV, by 803:, as seen in the 789:Gustavus Adolphus 739:Thirty Years' War 644:, capital of the 575:Andrzej Szołdrski 444:Commonwealth Navy 379:Władysław IV Vasa 376: 375: 359:Roman Catholicism 308:Sigismund Casimir 215:Vilnius Cathedral 77:8 November 1632 – 55:Peter Paul Rubens 42:Władysław IV Vasa 16:(Redirected from 6727: 6569: 6482: 6444:Casimir Jagellon 6400: 6388: 6376: 6359: 6262: 6230: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6169: 5939:Dukes of Kuyavia 5934:Dukes of Masovia 5919:Dukes of Silesia 5904:Henryk IV Probus 5864:Władysław Odonic 5854:Leszek the White 5620: 5613: 5606: 5597: 5503: 5388:Dmitry of Suzdal 5383:Ivan II the Fair 5378:Simeon the Proud 5333:Yaroslav of Tver 5328:Alexander Nevsky 5251: 5244: 5237: 5228: 4914:King Frederick I 4909:King Charles XII 4819:King Sigismund I 4769:Holstein-Gottorp 4740: 4733: 4726: 4717: 4688:Preceded by 4657:Preceded by 4647: 4640: 4622: 4615: 4607: 4589: 4578:Iter per Europam 4574: 4563: 4546: 4532: 4511: 4492: 4475:Jasienica, Paweł 4470: 4459: 4442: 4416: 4400: 4376: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4332: 4299: 4293: 4284: 4281:Kwiatkowski 1823 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4239: 4231: 4225: 4222:full text online 4219: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4134: 4128: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4032: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3988: 3979: 3973: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3748: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 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964:Łukasz Opaliński 903:Truce of Altmark 847:Ambrosio Spinola 821:(Breslau), then 688:Truce of Deulino 664:Time of Troubles 531:The marriage of 527: 524: 401:. Born into the 372: 304: 286: 284: 261: 259: 255: 251: 187: 132:21 February 1613 80: 51: 39: 21: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6665:Swedish princes 6655:Tsars of Russia 6645:Kings of Poland 6615: 6614: 6611: 6606: 6588: 6554: 6505:Stephen Báthory 6475: 6463: 6429: 6327: 6303: 6284: 6247: 6219: 6218: 6199: 6196: 6166: 6161: 6147: 6098:Stephen Báthory 6088:Henry of Valois 6074: 6026: 6003: 5979: 5958: 5820: 5813: 5748: 5720: 5629: 5624: 5594: 5589: 5506: 5501: 5422: 5353:Mikhail of Tver 5260: 5255: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5199: 5188:16th generation 5183: 5167:15th generation 5162: 5151:14th generation 5146: 5115:13th generation 5110: 5084:12th generation 5079: 5048:11th generation 5043: 5024:King Charles XV 5017:10th generation 5012: 4991: 4960: 4946:King Gustav III 4934: 4918: 4897: 4893:King Charles XI 4881: 4845: 4807: 4803:King Charles IX 4776: 4749: 4747:Swedish princes 4744: 4710: 4701: 4693: 4683: 4681:John II Casimir 4674: 4669: 4662: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4613: 4605: 4600:Wayback Machine 4588:. Genealogy.EU. 4583: 4554: 4539: 4529: 4514: 4508: 4495: 4489: 4473: 4462: 4445: 4439: 4419: 4403: 4379: 4363: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4335: 4320: 4317: 4307: 4302: 4296:Czapliński 1976 4294: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4269:Czapliński 1976 4267: 4263: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4026: 4025: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3990: 3989: 3982: 3974: 3967: 3961:Czapliński 1976 3959: 3955: 3949:Czapliński 1976 3947: 3943: 3937:Czapliński 1976 3935: 3931: 3925:Czapliński 1976 3923: 3916: 3910:Czapliński 1976 3908: 3904: 3898:Czapliński 1976 3896: 3892: 3886:Czapliński 1976 3884: 3880: 3874:Czapliński 1976 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3850:Czapliński 1976 3848: 3841: 3835:Czapliński 1976 3833: 3829: 3823:Czapliński 1976 3821: 3817: 3811:Czapliński 1976 3809: 3805: 3801:, pp. 3–4. 3797: 3793: 3787:Czapliński 1976 3785: 3778: 3772:Czapliński 1976 3770: 3766: 3760:Czapliński 1976 3758: 3751: 3745:Czapliński 1976 3743: 3730: 3724:Czapliński 1976 3722: 3718: 3712:Czapliński 1976 3710: 3706: 3700:Czapliński 1976 3698: 3687: 3681:Czapliński 1976 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3657:Czapliński 1976 3655: 3640: 3634:Czapliński 1976 3632: 3628: 3622:Czapliński 1976 3620: 3616: 3610:Czapliński 1976 3608: 3601: 3595:Czapliński 1976 3593: 3586: 3580:Czapliński 1976 3578: 3574: 3568:Czapliński 1976 3566: 3562: 3556:Czapliński 1976 3554: 3550: 3544:Czapliński 1976 3542: 3538: 3532:Czapliński 1976 3530: 3523: 3517:Czapliński 1976 3515: 3511: 3505:Czapliński 1976 3503: 3499: 3493:Czapliński 1976 3491: 3487: 3481:Czapliński 1976 3479: 3472: 3466:Czapliński 1976 3464: 3460: 3454:Czapliński 1976 3452: 3445: 3439:Czapliński 1976 3437: 3428: 3422:Czapliński 1976 3420: 3416: 3410:Czapliński 1976 3408: 3404: 3398:Czapliński 1976 3396: 3389: 3383:Czapliński 1976 3381: 3377: 3371:Czapliński 1976 3369: 3365: 3359:Czapliński 1976 3357: 3353: 3347:Czapliński 1976 3345: 3341: 3335:Czapliński 1976 3333: 3326: 3320:Czapliński 1976 3318: 3311: 3305:Czapliński 1976 3303: 3299: 3293:Czapliński 1976 3291: 3287: 3281:Czapliński 1976 3279: 3275: 3269:Czapliński 1976 3267: 3263: 3257:Czapliński 1976 3255: 3251: 3245:Czapliński 1976 3243: 3239: 3233:Czapliński 1976 3231: 3224: 3216: 3209: 3203:Czapliński 1976 3201: 3197: 3191:Czapliński 1976 3189: 3185: 3169: 3158: 3150: 3135: 3129:Czapliński 1976 3127: 3123: 3115: 3108: 3102:Czapliński 1959 3100: 3093: 3087:Czapliński 1976 3085: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3048:Czapliński 1976 3046: 3039: 3033:Czapliński 1976 3031: 3027: 3021:Czapliński 1976 3019: 3015: 3009:Czapliński 1976 3007: 3003: 2997:Czapliński 1976 2995: 2991: 2983: 2964: 2958:Czapliński 1976 2956: 2952: 2946:Czapliński 1976 2944: 2935: 2929:Czapliński 1976 2927: 2923: 2915: 2906: 2900:Czapliński 1976 2898: 2894: 2886: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2850: 2844:Czapliński 1976 2842: 2838: 2832:Czapliński 1976 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2808:Czapliński 1976 2806: 2797: 2789: 2778: 2772:Czapliński 1976 2770: 2761: 2755:Czapliński 1976 2753: 2749: 2743:Czapliński 1976 2741: 2734: 2727: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2660:; Russian: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2594: 2577: 2553: 2548: 2526: 2521: 2381:Anne of Austria 2024: 1943: 1830: 1779:Wilhelm Hondius 1718: 1702: 1638: 1582: 1517:Kasper Doenhoff 1472: 1417: 1335:Maria Elizabeth 1282:John II Casimir 1098:Swedish Royalty 1093: 1031:Bishop of Płock 984: 972:Wawel Cathedral 922: 920:King-Grand Duke 911:royal elections 899:battle of Gniew 861:Pope Urban VIII 825:, where he met 708: 692:Michael Romanov 632:Young Władysław 626: 560:Urszula Meierin 533:Anne of Austria 525: 515: 491:King Charles IX 471: 414:Anna of Austria 349:Anne of Austria 312: 310: 298: 297: 289: 288: 285: 1646) 280: 276: 273: 263: 247: 243: 240: 222: 207:Wawel Cathedral 189: 185: 165: 131: 90:6 February 1633 78: 66: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6733: 6731: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6675:Dukes of Opole 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6617: 6616: 6608: 6607: 6599:Titular rulers 6597: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6578: 6576: 6573:House of Urach 6566: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6491: 6489: 6479: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6395: 6383: 6371: 6366: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6269: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6239: 6237: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6172: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6093:Anna Jagiellon 6090: 6084: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6036: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976:Wenceslaus III 5973: 5968: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5758: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5726:Proto-historic 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5465: 5462:False Dmitry I 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5358:Yuri of Moscow 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4996:9th generation 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4965:8th generation 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4942: 4940: 4939:7th generation 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4926: 4924: 4923:6th generation 4920: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4903: 4902:5th generation 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4889: 4887: 4886:4th generation 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4850:3rd generation 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4812:2nd generation 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4781:1st generation 4778: 4777: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4703: 4698:Tsar of Russia 4694: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4667:King of Poland 4663: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4652:Regnal titles 4649: 4648: 4628: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4590: 4581: 4575: 4552: 4538: 4537:External links 4535: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4512: 4506: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4460: 4443: 4437: 4417: 4401: 4377: 4361: 4348: 4333: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4300: 4285: 4283:, p. 359. 4273: 4261: 4226: 4200: 4180: 4165:, ed. (1911). 4163:Chisholm, Hugh 4154: 4129: 4112: 4079: 4072: 4054: 4016: 3980: 3965: 3963:, p. 125. 3953: 3941: 3929: 3927:, p. 124. 3914: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3852:, p. 327. 3839: 3837:, p. 329. 3827: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3776: 3774:, p. 123. 3764: 3762:, p. 323. 3749: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3702:, p. 122. 3685: 3673: 3661: 3638: 3636:, p. 379. 3626: 3614: 3599: 3584: 3582:, p. 359. 3572: 3570:, p. 357. 3560: 3548: 3546:, p. 347. 3536: 3521: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3483:, p. 336. 3470: 3468:, p. 218. 3458: 3443: 3441:, p. 214. 3426: 3414: 3402: 3387: 3375: 3363: 3361:, p. 224. 3351: 3339: 3337:, p. 213. 3324: 3309: 3297: 3295:, p. 202. 3285: 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3222: 3218:Jasienica 1982 3207: 3205:, p. 169. 3195: 3193:, p. 170. 3183: 3175:Rzeczpospolita 3156: 3152:Gierowski 1979 3133: 3121: 3106: 3091: 3076: 3074:, p. 206. 3064: 3062:, p. 224. 3052: 3037: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2962: 2950: 2933: 2921: 2904: 2892: 2877: 2865: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2795: 2776: 2759: 2747: 2732: 2725: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2687: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2540:Golden Liberty 2537: 2532: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2016:King of Sweden 2012: 2011: 1956: 1942: 1939: 1935:Maciej Rosalak 1912:King of Sweden 1889:Union of Brest 1829: 1826: 1792:, seconded by 1717: 1714: 1701: 1698: 1678:His heart and 1637: 1634: 1605:, daughter of 1549:duchy of Opole 1471: 1468: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1343:Charles Philip 1340: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1233: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1136:Erik Johansson 1133: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1050:Ottoman Empire 983: 980: 956:pacta conventa 951:pacta conventa 938:Pieter Soutman 921: 918: 725:), he went to 707: 704: 660:Vasily Shuysky 650:Vilnius Castle 625: 622: 590:Kraków Academy 514: 511: 487:Swedish throne 470: 467: 448:Ottoman Empire 387:King of Poland 374: 373: 366: 362: 361: 356: 352: 351: 346: 342: 341: 336: 332: 331: 326: 320: 319: 317:(illegitimate) 305: 291: 290: 278: 274: 269: 268: 267: 266: 245: 241: 236: 235: 234: 233: 230: 228: 224: 223: 205: 203: 199: 198: 188:(aged 52) 182: 178: 177: 162: 158: 157: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 130:19 July 1610 – 128: 124: 123: 116:Tsar of Russia 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 82: 81: 75: 71: 70: 64:King of Poland 60: 59: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6732: 6721: 6720:Sons of kings 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6660:House of Vasa 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6613: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6193: 6188: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6055:John I Albert 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5986:Piast dynasty 5982: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5971:Wenceslaus II 5969: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5819:Fragmentation 5816: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5754:Piast dynasty 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5609: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5580:Alexander III 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5060:King Gustaf V 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5034:King Oscar II 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4793:King John III 4791: 4789: 4788:King Eric XIV 4786: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4761:House of Vasa 4758: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4660:Sigismund III 4655: 4650: 4645: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4631:House of Vasa 4623: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4528:9788377302262 4524: 4520: 4519: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4488:83-06-00788-3 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4438:83-01-00172-0 4434: 4430: 4427:(in Polish). 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4365:Bohun, Tomasz 4362: 4351: 4349:9788311115996 4345: 4341: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4297: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4274: 4271:, p. 55. 4270: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4210:"Albrecht V." 4204: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4142: 4141: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4113: 4101:. p. 139 4100: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4073:9789151839042 4069: 4065: 4058: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4005:. p. 779 4004: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3671:, p. 23. 3670: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3050:, p. 95. 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3023:, p. 84. 3022: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2999:, p. 74. 2998: 2993: 2990: 2987:, p. 12. 2986: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2960:, p. 70. 2959: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2919:, p. 11. 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2902:, p. 52. 2901: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2875:, p. 11. 2874: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2846:, p. 23. 2845: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2810:, p. 22. 2809: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2774:, p. 18. 2773: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2748: 2745:, p. 11. 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726:9789004231214 2722: 2718: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1790:Marco Scacchi 1788: 1787:kapellmeister 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1741:Warsaw castle 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665:kidney stones 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1478:(daughter of 1477: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104:House of Vasa 1101: 1097: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052:. During the 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1007: 1003: 1001: 1000:Mikhail Shein 997: 993: 989: 981: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952: 947: 939: 934: 926: 919: 917: 914: 912: 906: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 806: 802: 796: 794: 790: 786: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 717: 712: 705: 703: 701: 695: 693: 689: 683: 681: 677: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 656: 651: 647: 643: 639: 630: 623: 621: 619: 615: 611: 610: 605: 600: 598: 593: 591: 587: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 563: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 537:House of Vasa 534: 519: 512: 510: 508: 504: 500: 499:House of Vasa 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:King Gustav I 476: 468: 466: 464: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 438:He supported 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 408: 407:Sigismund III 404: 403:House of Vasa 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 371: 367: 363: 360: 357: 353: 350: 347: 343: 340: 337: 333: 330: 327: 325: 321: 318: 315: 309: 306: 303: 302: 296: 292: 272: 265: 264: 239: 232: 231: 229: 225: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 183: 179: 176: 172: 168: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 89: 87: 83: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 56: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6612: 6602: 6583:Mindaugas II 6581: 6514: 6477:Commonwealth 6155: 6138:Augustus III 6107: 5915: 5826: 5781: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5575:Alexander II 5555:Catherine II 5473: 5472: 5460: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5008:King Oscar I 4856: 4696: 4665: 4643: 4636: 4629: 4571: 4565: 4517: 4497: 4478: 4465: 4447: 4424: 4412: 4408: 4388: 4384: 4372: 4368: 4353:. Retrieved 4338: 4323: 4305:Bibliography 4276: 4264: 4251: 4245: 4229: 4220:; ( 4213: 4203: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4172: 4157: 4145:. Retrieved 4139: 4132: 4123: 4115: 4103:. Retrieved 4092: 4082: 4063: 4057: 4044: 4038: 4007:. Retrieved 3996: 3978:, p. 3. 3956: 3944: 3932: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3767: 3719: 3707: 3676: 3664: 3629: 3617: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3461: 3417: 3405: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3198: 3186: 3170: 3124: 3067: 3055: 3028: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2953: 2924: 2895: 2890:, p. 9. 2868: 2863:, p. 8. 2839: 2827: 2822:, p. 5. 2815: 2793:, p. 4. 2750: 2715: 2709: 2690: 2633: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2258: 2013: 1951: 1941:Royal titles 1927:Smolensk War 1924: 1916: 1909: 1901: 1874: 1862:Władysławowo 1846: 1842: 1819: 1809: 1798: 1768: 1752:amphitheater 1737: 1707: 1703: 1679: 1677: 1654: 1644: 1623: 1611: 1600: 1587: 1555:in Silesia ( 1537:Siegmund III 1492: 1473: 1449: 1430: 1422: 1372: 1349: 1319: 1277:Władysław IV 1276: 1271: 1238: 1210: 1147: 1130: 1073: 1047: 1038: 1012: 996:Smolensk War 985: 967: 955: 949: 943: 915: 907: 888: 869: 851: 816: 808:coat of arms 797: 793:Swedish Navy 782: 768: 758:peace treaty 743: 720: 696: 684: 679: 668: 655:Seven boyars 653: 635: 609:vivente rege 607: 601: 594: 586:Piotr Skarga 583: 565:Władysław's 564: 557: 553:Wawel Castle 530: 472: 452: 437: 433:Smolensk War 421:Seven Boyars 418: 382: 378: 377: 316: 299: 186:(1648-05-20) 119: 53:Portrait by 36: 6630:1648 deaths 6625:1595 births 6488:(1569–1795) 6437:(1440–1569) 6420:Švitrigaila 6335:(1285–1440) 6311:(1269–1285) 6292:(1267–1269) 6268:(1263–1267) 6236:(1236–1263) 6133:Stanisław I 5909:Przemysł II 5585:Nicholas II 5565:Alexander I 5525:Catherine I 5502:(co-rulers) 4646:20 May 1648 4639:9 June 1595 4614:(in Polish) 4606:(in Polish) 4120:Sigismund I 4089:"Margareta" 3179:Mówią Wieki 3072:Besala 2009 2233:Bona Sforza 1953:Moschoviae. 1811:Villa Regia 1760:cartography 1686:St. Casimir 1609:, in 1646. 1583: 1640 1576:Frans Luycx 1563:estates of 1498:Archduchess 1287:John Albert 662:during the 526: 1605 184:20 May 1648 164:9 June 1595 137:Predecessor 95:Predecessor 79:20 May 1648 6619:Categories 6342:Butigeidis 6280:Vaišvilkas 6050:Casimir IV 5693:Leszko III 5570:Nicholas I 5490:Feodor III 5413:Vasily III 4773:Bernadotte 4771:; and the 4702:1610–1613 4675:1632–1648 4309:See also: 4256:Wikisource 4049:Wikisource 3669:Rożek 1995 2702:References 2646:Lithuanian 2610:rheumatism 1828:Assessment 1816:Guido Reni 1725:Loving cup 1673:last rites 1661:gallstones 1539:'s wives: 1513:Franciscan 1311:Charles IX 1193:Charles IX 1039:status quo 723:Dymitriads 567:Hofmeister 507:the Deluge 463:the Deluge 86:Coronation 6449:Alexander 6410:Skirgaila 6357:Gediminas 6323:Daumantas 6318:Traidenis 6243:Mindaugas 6060:Alexander 5984:Restored 5916:See also: 5762:Mieszko I 5744:Siemomysł 5711:Chościsko 5706:Popiel II 5686:Leszko II 5658:Krakus II 5635:Legendary 5550:Peter III 5545:Elizabeth 5474:Vladislav 5468:Vasili IV 5456:Feodor II 4759:, of the 4708:Michael I 4691:Vasili IV 4593:Testimony 4397:577964149 4355:6 January 4197:: 97–113. 2669:romanized 2620:Footnotes 1996:Chernigov 1980:Samogitia 1964:Lithuania 1854:artillery 1716:Patronage 1710:courtiers 1700:Character 1669:last will 1545:Konstance 1525:Ratyzbona 1470:Marriages 1433:Habsburgs 1387:Christina 1378:Christina 1339:Christina 1325:Catherine 1263:Sigismund 1244:Sigismund 1188:Elizabeth 1163:Catherine 1019:artillery 940:, c. 1634 731:Habsburgs 541:Habsburgs 513:Childhood 509:of 1655. 483:succeeded 365:Signature 195:Lithuania 151:Michael I 147:Successor 141:Vasili IV 105:Successor 6415:Vytautas 6398:Kęstutis 6374:Algirdas 6369:Jaunutis 6347:Butvydas 6275:Treniota 5874:Konrad I 5804:Zbigniew 5734:Siemowit 5700:Popiel I 5679:Leszko I 5651:Krakus I 5530:Peter II 5441:Feodor I 5398:Vasily I 4757:Gustav I 4596:Archived 4558:(1911). 4477:(1982). 4456:12805200 4423:(1979). 4407:(1976). 4383:(1959). 4147:29 April 2524:See also 2022:Ancestry 1988:Smolensk 1968:Ruthenia 1897:Cossacks 1877:tolerant 1651:' studio 1615:Cossacks 1561:Bohemian 1553:Racibórz 1373:Children 1350:Grandson 1320:Children 1272:Children 1239:Children 1230:John III 1211:Children 1202:Eric XIV 1158:John III 1153:Eric XIV 1148:Children 1122:Gustav I 1091:Politics 1067:and the 1065:Cossacks 1015:infantry 992:Smolensk 968:szlachta 865:Florence 735:Hussites 604:szlachta 571:Prussian 355:Religion 221:(heart). 120:disputed 6603:italics 6601:are in 6486:Elected 6386:Jogaila 6352:Vytenis 6156:Italics 6022:Jadwiga 5772:Bezprym 5665:Lech II 5540:Ivan VI 5520:Peter I 5495:Peter I 5480:Michael 5418:Ivan IV 4244:(ed.). 4122:at the 4037:(ed.). 2654:Swedish 2606:obesity 2008:Vandals 1992:Severia 1984:Livonia 1976:Masovia 1972:Prussia 1764:Galileo 1748:Baroque 1745:Flemish 1681:viscera 1657:Merkinė 1445:Silesia 1168:Cecilia 1131:Parents 893:in the 845:he met 841:. Near 835:Antwerp 819:Wrocław 737:in the 727:Silesia 676:kopecks 642:Vilnius 547:, near 497:of the 287: 279: 275: 262: 246: 242: 227:Spouses 219:Vilnius 57:(1620s) 6575:(1918) 6403:family 6391:family 6379:family 6362:family 6299:Shvarn 5821:period 5739:Lestek 5644:Lech I 5560:Paul I 5499:Ivan V 5485:Alexis 5373:Ivan I 5270:Moscow 4642: 4525: 4504: 4485: 4454: 4435: 4395: 4346: 4105:7 June 4070: 4009:7 June 2723: 2638:Polish 2614:kidney 2602:kamica 2000:Swedes 1960:Poland 1931:burned 1733:Vienna 1649:Rubens 1630:Kraków 1565:Třeboň 1533:zlotys 1521:Polish 1464:Gdańsk 1221:Gustav 1216:Sigrid 1183:Sophia 1173:Magnus 1069:Tatars 1058:hetman 1043:rubles 1029:, the 976:Kraków 966:, the 891:Swedes 876:Venice 854:hetman 839:Rubens 823:Munich 805:Vasa's 785:Gdańsk 777:Warsaw 754:Chocim 706:Prince 618:rokosz 549:Kraków 545:Łobzów 481:, had 399:Russia 395:Sweden 345:Mother 335:Father 301:Detail 252: 211:Kraków 202:Burial 191:Merecz 171:Poland 167:Łobzów 5672:Wanda 5451:Boris 5446:Irina 4644:Died: 4637:Born: 4411:[ 4387:[ 4250:[ 4240:. In 4043:[ 4033:. In 2680:Latin 2625:Notes 2546:Notes 2004:Goths 1948:Latin 1905:duchy 1850:pikes 1756:genre 1636:Death 1596:Toruń 1529:dowry 974:, in 872:Genoa 843:Breda 833:; in 801:sheaf 324:House 295:Issue 281:( 277: 260:) 248:( 244: 127:Reign 74:Reign 5535:Anna 5497:and 5268:and 4523:ISBN 4502:ISBN 4483:ISBN 4452:OCLC 4433:ISBN 4393:OCLC 4357:2021 4344:ISBN 4313:and 4149:2018 4107:2018 4068:ISBN 4011:2018 3177:and 2721:ISBN 2612:and 2569:tsar 2473:15. 2415:14. 2353:13. 2295:12. 2231:11. 2173:10. 2006:and 1994:and 1808:and 1551:and 1543:and 1541:Anna 1254:John 1249:Anna 1178:Anna 1017:and 944:The 880:Pisa 874:and 700:sejm 624:Tsar 469:Life 410:Vasa 397:and 329:Vasa 258:1644 254:1624 181:Died 161:Born 4329:164 2441:7. 2379:3. 2321:6. 2257:1. 2199:5. 2137:2. 2111:9. 2079:4. 2053:8. 1950:: " 1946:In 1818:'s 1731:in 1688:of 1663:or 870:In 791:'s 666:. 620:). 581:. 381:or 6621:: 4767:, 4564:. 4431:. 4373:23 4288:^ 4212:, 4195:23 4193:. 4171:. 4091:. 4019:^ 3995:. 3983:^ 3968:^ 3917:^ 3842:^ 3779:^ 3752:^ 3731:^ 3688:^ 3641:^ 3602:^ 3587:^ 3524:^ 3473:^ 3446:^ 3429:^ 3390:^ 3327:^ 3312:^ 3225:^ 3210:^ 3159:^ 3136:^ 3109:^ 3094:^ 3079:^ 3040:^ 2965:^ 2936:^ 2907:^ 2880:^ 2851:^ 2798:^ 2779:^ 2762:^ 2735:^ 2682:: 2678:; 2666:, 2656:: 2652:; 2648:: 2644:; 2640:: 2608:, 2571:. 2002:, 1990:, 1986:, 1982:, 1978:, 1974:, 1970:, 1966:, 1824:. 1796:. 1781:, 1777:, 1773:, 1766:. 1696:. 1647:, 1632:. 1580:c. 1578:, 1523:: 1428:. 962:, 886:. 837:, 682:. 523:c. 416:. 389:, 283:m. 250:m. 217:, 213:, 209:, 193:, 173:, 169:, 6605:. 6405:) 6401:( 6393:) 6389:( 6381:) 6377:( 6364:) 6360:( 6191:e 6184:t 6177:v 5619:e 5612:t 5605:v 5250:e 5243:t 5236:v 4739:e 4732:t 4725:v 4531:. 4510:. 4491:. 4458:. 4441:. 4399:. 4375:. 4359:. 4331:. 4258:. 4224:) 4151:. 4109:. 4076:. 4051:. 4013:. 2729:. 2671:: 2592:c 2575:b 2563:( 2551:a 1955:" 1412:e 1405:t 1398:v 771:( 616:( 122:) 118:( 34:. 20:)

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