522:. Although these materials continue the lifespan of used and discarded materials, they have their own considerable half life; the polymers and adhesives added make WPC difficult to recycle again after use. They can however be recycled easily in a new WPC, much like concrete. One advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be molded to meet almost any desired shape. A WPC member can be bent and fixed to form strong arching curves. Another major selling point of these materials is their lack of need for paint. They are manufactured in a variety of colors, but are widely available in grays and earth tones. Despite up to 70 percent cellulose content (although 50/50 is more common), the mechanical behavior of WPCs is most similar to neat polymers. Neat polymers are polymerized without added solvents. This means that WPCs have a lower strength and stiffness than wood, and they experience time and temperature-dependent behavior. The wood particles are susceptible to fungal attack, though not as much so as solid wood, and the polymer component is vulnerable to UV degradation. It is possible that the strength and stiffness may be reduced by freeze-thaw cycling, though testing is still being conducted in this area. Some WPC formulations are sensitive to staining from a variety of agents.
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to burn at temperatures around 204 °C (400 °F). Processing WPCs at excessively high temperatures increases the risk of shearing, or burning and discoloration resulting from pushing a material that is too hot through a gate which is too small, during injection molding. The ratio of wood to plastic in the composite will ultimately determine the melt flow index (MFI) of the WPC, with larger amounts of wood generally leading to a lower MFI.
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sandwich boards are used mainly in automotive, transportation and building applications, but furniture applications are also being developed. New efficient and often in-line integrated production processes allow to produce stronger and stiffer WPC sandwich boards at lower costs compared to traditional plastic sheets or monolithic WPC panels.
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attack, though they do absorb water into the wood fibers embedded within the material. Water absorption is more pronounced in WFCs with a hydrophilic matrix such as PLA and also leads to decreased mechanical stiffness and strength. The mechanical performance in a wet environment can be enhanced by an
470:
In some manufacturing facilities, the constituents are combined and processed in a pelletizing extruder, which produces pellets of the new material. The pellets are then re-melted and formed into the final shape. Other manufacturers complete the finished part in a single step of mixing and extrusion.
474:
Due to the addition of organic material, WPCs are usually processed at far lower temperatures than traditional plastics during extrusion and injection molding. WPCs tend to process at temperatures of about 28 °C (50 °F) lower than the same, unfilled material, for instance. Most will begin
535:
form allows for a combination of the benefits of traditional wood polymer composites with the lightness of a sandwich panel technology. WPC sandwich boards consist of wood polymer composite skins and usually low-density polymer core which leads to a very effective increase of panel's rigidity. WPC
882:
Joffre, Thomas; Segerholm, Kristoffer; Persson, Cecilia; Bardage, Stig L.; Luengo
Hendriks, Cris L.; Isaksson, Per (January 2017). "Characterization of interfacial stress transfer ability in acetylation-treated wood fibre composites using X-ray microtomography".
290:
In addition to wood fiber and plastic, WPCs can also contain other ligno-cellulosic and/or inorganic filler materials. WPCs are a subset of a larger category of materials called natural fiber plastic composites (NFPCs), which may contain no
581:
and can melt. The inclusion of plastic as a portion of the composite results in the potential for higher fire hazards in WPCs as compared with wood. Some code officials are becoming increasingly concerned with the fire performance of WPCs.
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help tailor the end product to the target area of application. Extruded WPCs are formed into both solid and hollow profiles. A large variety of injection molded parts are also produced, from automotive door panels to cell phone covers.
530:
WPC boards show a good set of performance but monolithic composite sheets are relatively heavy (most often heavier than pure plastics) which limits their use to applications where low weight is not essential. WPC in a
383:. WPCs were first introduced into the decking market in the early 1990s. Manufacturers claim that WPC is more environmentally friendly and requires less maintenance than the alternatives of solid wood treated with
354:
Also sometimes known as composite timber, WPCs are still new materials relative to the long history of natural lumber as a building material. The most widespread use of WPCs in North
America is in outdoor
514:
treatment. WPCs have good workability and can be shaped using conventional woodworking tools. WPCs are often considered a sustainable material because they can be made using
338:). Covema made WPC under the tradename Plastic-Wood. After a few years from the invention of the Plastic-Wood the company Icma San Giorgio patented the first process to add
94:
49:
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1127:
Washington State
University Wood Plastic Composites Information Center, "Fire Issues in Engineered Wood Composites for Naval Waterfront Facilities"
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Environmental
Impacts of Traditional and Innovative Forest-based Bioproducts, Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes
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Chemical additives provide for integration of polymer and wood flour (powder) while facilitating optimal processing conditions.
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Larsson, P.; Simonson, R. (1994-04-01). "A study of strength, hardness and deformation of acetylated
Scandinavian softwoods".
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Stark, N. (2001) “Influence of
Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites.”
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or solid wood of rot-resistant species. These materials can be molded with or without simulated wood grain details.
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561:-based polymers have a negative environmental impact because they rely on non-renewable raw materials and the non-
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resin. The most common method of production is to extrude the material into the desired shape, though
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Clemons, C. (2002) "Wood-plastic
Composites in the United States: The interfacing of two Industries"
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702:"Buzhoushan WPC Doors – Wood Plastic Composite Hollow Door / Assembled Door Manufacturer from China"
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is also used. WPCs may be produced from either virgin or recycled thermoplastics including
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Environmental News
Network, "California Fire Codes Put Focus on Plastic Decking Concerns"
838:"Wood-Plastic Composites production requires high formulation quality the feeding system"
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It may require cleanup to comply with
Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
1129:, 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Long Beach, California, May 2001.
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Modeling the Time-dependent
Flexural Response of Wood-plastic Composite Materials
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803:"Connect with 756 Wood Plastic Composite Manufacturers - Global Sources"
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WPCs are produced by thoroughly mixing ground wood particles and heated
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floors, but it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping timbers,
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The company that invented and patented the process to create WPC was
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The types of plastic normally used in WPC formulations have higher
442:(PLA). PE-based WPCs are by far the most common. Additives such as
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Morrell, J et al.(2006) “Durability of wood-plastic composites.”
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774:"China's wpc profile making machine Manufacturer & Supplier"
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WPCs do not corrode and are highly resistant to rot, decay, and
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1089:"Wood-Plastic Composites—Performance and Environmental Impacts"
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properties than wood alone, as plastic has a higher chemical
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Schwarzkopf, Matthew John; Burnard, Michael David (2016).
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of WPCs is directly affected by the ratio of renewable to
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The first extrusion line to produce plastic wood, made by
27:
Composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics
750:"JELU is a manufacturer of wpc - wood plastic composite"
187:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
371:, prefab houses under the tradename Woodpecker WPC.,
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Introduction of WPC Wood Plastic Composite Products
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
998:. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. p. 232.
856:"Wood-Plastic Composites – Green Dot Bioplastics"
1163:
1022:Dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison
8:
870:Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
726:"PRODUCERS: Decking, Railing, & Fencing"
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1170:
1156:
1148:
960:Gibson, Scott (2008). “Synthetic Decking”
295:-based fiber fillers such as pulp fibers,
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1098:. Singapore: Springer. pp. 19–43.
633:
330:in 1960, founded by Terragni brothers (
1094:. In A. Kutnar and S.S. Muthu (ed.).
7:
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482:Wood-plastic composite is a type of
99:adding citations to reliable sources
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652:Plastics World, Volume 28, Parte 2
607:Plastic composite (disambiguation)
25:
45:This article has multiple issues.
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198:. Please discuss further on the
177:
75:
34:
1417:Oriented structural straw board
432:acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
518:and the waste products of the
346:to the thermoplastics (WPCs).
1:
897:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.009
885:Industrial Crops and Products
557:materials. The commonly used
533:sandwich-structured composite
271:and thermoplastic(s) such as
1951:Plastics and the environment
996:Carraher's polymer chemistry
491:Advantages and disadvantages
1921:Recycled building materials
1104:10.1007/978-981-10-0655-5_2
1067:"Sandwich Panel Technology"
920:Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff
641:Official website of Agripak
1967:
1808:Non-timber forest products
1432:Structural insulated panel
994:Carraher, Charles (2014).
974:"What are Ultra Polymers?"
622:Transparent wood composite
1863:
416:high-density polyethylene
1773:Destructive distillation
689:Forest Products Journal
677:. www.woodpecker.com.co.
663:Official Website of ICMA
420:low-density polyethylene
110:"Wood–plastic composite"
1793:Green building and wood
257:Wood–plastic composites
1437:Wood–plastic composite
1363:Glued laminated timber
1358:Cross-laminated timber
1046:"WPC honeycomb panels"
963:. Remodeling Magazine.
597:Glued laminated timber
502:
500:Trex composite decking
487:
403:
253:
252:Wood-plastic composite
18:Wood-plastic composite
1916:Woodworking materials
1510:Corrugated fiberboard
1412:Oriented strand board
807:www.globalsources.com
498:
481:
398:
251:
196:neutral point of view
1895:WikiProject Forestry
675:"WPC Social Housing"
551:environmental impact
545:Environmental impact
299:hulls, coffee husk,
95:improve this article
1926:Composite materials
1656:Ramial chipped wood
526:WPC sandwich boards
379:frames, and indoor
261:composite materials
1573:Cellulosic ethanol
932:10.1007/BF02615470
706:www.thewpcdoor.com
503:
488:
424:polyvinyl chloride
404:
281:polyvinyl chloride
254:
1903:
1902:
1838:Wood preservation
1783:Engineered bamboo
1603:Pyroligneous acid
1113:978-981-10-0653-1
1033:Wood Design Focus
1018:Hamel, S. (2011)
1005:978-1-4665-5203-6
516:recycled plastics
412:injection molding
363:and siding, park
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16:(Redirected from
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1778:Dry distillation
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112: –
111:
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106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
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84:This article
82:
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67:
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58:
57:
52:
51:
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41:
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31:
19:
1882:
1852:
1747:Wooden masts
1717:Dugout canoe
1702:Bavin (wood)
1651:Black liquor
1588:Liquid smoke
1436:
1338:Utility pole
1323:Timber truss
1243:Log building
1134:
1122:
1095:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1061:
1050:. Retrieved
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978:. Retrieved
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926:(2): 83–86.
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810:. Retrieved
806:
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786:. Retrieved
782:the original
777:
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753:
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733:. Retrieved
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709:. Retrieved
705:
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579:heat content
572:
569:Fire hazards
548:
529:
507:marine borer
504:
473:
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273:polyethylene
256:
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131:
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105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1946:Bioplastics
1848:Woodworking
1833:Wood drying
1818:Papermaking
1638:By-products
1544:Derivatives
1482:Pellet fuel
1223:Flitch beam
575:fire hazard
512:acetylation
436:polystyrene
259:(WPCs) are
1910:Categories
1690:Historical
1671:Wood flour
1520:Paperboard
1390:Fiberboard
1348:Engineered
1208:Bressummer
1073:2014-10-07
1052:2014-10-07
980:2014-04-17
812:2017-02-08
788:2017-02-08
759:2017-02-08
735:2017-02-08
711:2017-02-08
628:References
464:lubricants
438:(PS), and
391:Production
344:wood flour
340:wood fiber
283:(PVC), or
269:wood flour
265:wood fiber
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1936:Recycling
1712:Clapboard
1681:Woodchips
1676:Wood wool
1556:Cellulose
1551:Birch-tar
1505:Cardboard
1487:Wood fuel
1395:hardboard
1298:Reclaimed
1263:Panelling
1253:Log house
1248:Log cabin
940:0018-3768
905:0926-6690
891:: 43–49.
842:ktron.com
754:JELUPLAST
559:petroleum
444:colorants
381:furniture
309:digestate
293:cellulose
208:July 2010
200:talk page
151:July 2010
56:talk page
1941:Plastics
1873:Category
1854:Yakisugi
1788:Forestry
1756:See also
1697:Axe ties
1666:Tall oil
1646:Barkdust
1628:Wood gas
1608:Pine tar
1598:Methanol
1530:Pulpwood
1477:Firewood
1460:Charcoal
1453:Fuelwood
1400:Masonite
1328:Treenail
1228:Flooring
948:19529734
586:See also
422:(LDPE),
418:(HDPE),
361:cladding
263:made of
1884:Commons
1763:Biomass
1737:Tanbark
1661:Sawdust
1472:Firelog
1465:biochar
1427:Plywood
1385:I-joist
1303:Shingle
1258:Molding
617:Sleeper
434:(ABS),
426:(PVC),
365:benches
318:History
311:, etc.
287:(PLA).
135:scholar
1722:Potash
1623:Tannin
1583:Lignin
1497:Fibers
1442:lumber
1368:veneer
1308:Siding
1288:Rafter
1283:Purlin
1198:Batten
1191:timber
1187:Lumber
1110:
1002:
946:
938:
903:
540:Issues
462:, and
430:(PP),
401:Covema
373:window
324:Covema
301:bamboo
297:peanut
279:(PP),
275:(PE),
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1803:Mulch
1613:Pitch
1535:Rayon
1515:Paper
1333:Truss
1273:Plate
1268:Plank
1233:Joist
1218:Cruck
1092:(PDF)
1035:16(3)
944:S2CID
691:52(6)
336:Marco
328:Milan
305:straw
142:JSTOR
128:books
1578:Dyes
1561:nano
1525:Pulp
1350:wood
1318:Stud
1313:Sill
1278:Post
1238:Lath
1203:Beam
1108:ISBN
1000:ISBN
936:ISSN
901:ISSN
549:The
377:door
375:and
357:deck
350:Uses
334:and
332:Dino
114:news
1593:Lye
1405:MDF
1373:LVL
1213:CLS
1100:doi
928:doi
893:doi
326:of
97:by
1912::
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62:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
