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Wooden roller coaster

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of many thin layers of wood that are glued together and then laser cut to exact specifications. The track is made in 25-foot (7.6 m) sections, which have special joints on the ends to allow them to snap together. The result is generally higher precision than what could be achieved by hand, leading to a smoother ride and reduced cost surrounding construction and maintenance. In addition, unlike traditional wooden coasters which feature bare metal wheels, the
208: 175: 1112:, give a sense of unreliability and the "threat" of collapse or disregard for safety. Of course, this assumption is purely mental, since wooden roller coaster supports and track systems are designed to sway with the force produced by the coaster. If the track and structure were too rigid, they would break under the strain of the passing train. The swaying of the track reduces the maximum force applied, like a shock absorber. 543:, which opened in 1972 and sparked a second "Golden Age" of wooden coaster design that continues today. After their success with the Racer at Kings Island, the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC) constructed another 9 roller coasters over the next decade. About half were small family coasters, two were racing coasters similar to the Racer, and two were out and back coasters with custom designs. One of these, 149: 342: 36: 439: 938: 193: 776:. The company left a significant legacy on the coaster industry. The high number of wooden coasters they constructed, 34 over their decade of operation, helped to rekindle interest in the wooden roller coasters and allowed modern wooden coaster designers to thrive. Designers from CCI went on to form modern wooden coaster design firms, like 753:. Megafobia was also the company's first coaster outside the United States. CCI coasters were also unique at the time for sometimes featuring angle iron support structures rather than wooden beams (the track remains the same as other wooden coasters). Most CCI coasters ran Philadelphia Toboggan Company trains, although some, like 551:, was the last coaster designed by John Allen before his retirement. After these coasters, PTC stopped producing roller coasters, but continues to produce wooden roller coaster trains as Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters. Their distinctive rectangular cars are widely used on wooden coasters around the world. 558:
at Kings Island. After John Allen refused to design the coaster in lieu of retirement, Kings Island built the coaster themselves, with the coaster designed by Al Collins and Jeff Gramke and construction overseen by Charlie Dinn. Rather than a typical out and back layout, the coaster sprawled over the
891:, a large wooden coaster which stands 163 feet tall, has over 6,442 feet of track, three 90 degree banked turns, and has been ranked the number one wooden coaster in the world by Amusement Today five times. Many of the Gravity Group's coasters are highly unique and custom built for the park, such as 1075:
Traditional wooden coaster track is typically built on site. It is cut as needed, bent to the proper shape, and mounted layer-by-layer to the support structure with steel running plates. Prefabricated track, on the other hand, is manufactured in a factory, temperature-controlled setting. It is made
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in the early 20th century, which added additional sets of wheels running along multiple sides of the track to allow for more intense ride design with sharper turns and steeper drops. The underfriction design became commonplace and continues to be used in modern roller coaster design.
909:(RMC) has recently been revolutionizing the modern wooden coaster. In 2011, they renovated the Texas Giant, which had become very rough and hard to maintain, into a steel roller coaster. This treatment became popular and was later applied to other aging roller coasters such as 1096:. While they are traditionally less capable than a steel coaster when it comes to inversions and elements (except for the chain lift hill), wooden coasters instead rely on an often rougher and more "wild" ride (depending on train speed and/or track layout), as well as a more 1135:. As a result, the turns and drops are more gentle than on modern wooden roller coasters. Scenic Railway roller coasters also lack upstop wheels but rely on a brake operator to control the speed so that upstop wheels are not necessary. A handful of wooden coasters use 863:
is currently the tallest wooden coaster in the world at 183 feet tall. While only having built 4 wooden coasters, all are praised by coaster enthusiasts, with all 4 being within the top 20 wooden coasters in the world on Mitch Hawkers poll. Since 2010,
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Built by Custom Coasters International (CCI) in 1996. The coaster features a twister style layout. Megafobia was the first white-knuckle attraction to be installed at the Oakwood Theme Park (then Oakwood Leisure Park) in West Wales.
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developed by Rocky Mountain Construction. The new technology replaced the flattened steel strip and upper two layers of wood traditionally used in wooden track design with a steel box, which led to rides like the triple-inverting
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woods at the back of the park, using the terrain to create an elevation change from lowest to highest point of 201 feet, even though the coaster was only 118 feet tall. The coaster also had two lift hills which, while common for
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was formed in 1991 by Denise Dinn-Larrick (daughter of Charlie Dinn), her brother Jeff Dinn, and her husband Randy Larrick. After the closure of Dinn Corporation, several other designers joined CCI. The company's first coaster,
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At the time of its opening, was the world's tallest and fastest wooden roller coaster, and the only wooden coaster to have an inversion, before that element was removed in 2007. It closed in 2009 and was demolished in 2012.
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When built it was the only wooden roller coaster to feature inversions, including a double barrel roll and an over-banked turn, and also was the steepest wooden coaster in the world with an 81 degree drop (since broken by
840:. GCI's coasters feature highly twisted layouts with many crossovers, and usually use GCI's own wooden coaster trains called Millennium Flyers. Their designs are inspired by coasters from the 1920s, specifically those by 563:
at the time, was uncommon for wooden coasters. Opening in 1979, the coaster was, and still is, the longest wooden roller coaster in the world at 7,361 feet. Another significant wooden coaster of this era was the racing
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building – the first UK amusement park attraction to achieve this status. It closed in 2006 and 25% of it was damaged by fire on 7 April 2008, however, it was fully restored and reopened to the public in 2015.
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The grounds of the ride are densely forested, with the intended thrills heightened from the illusion of inadequate clearance between the track and trees. Layout based on Cincinnati Coney Island Wildcat.
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began producing wooden roller coasters using prefabricated track. Their wooden coasters are known for large amounts of airtime (including ejector airtime), smooth ride experiences, and steep drops.
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Racing roller coaster, featuring two individual tracks that parallel each other. From 1993 to 2007 the Racer 75 had one side of the tracks traveling forwards and one side traveling backwards.
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After the surge in the 1970s, wooden coasters construction became stagnant due to the steel roller coaster being much more popular. Most original coasters during this time were designed by
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to design and build new wooden coasters. Between 1988 and 1991, they designed and built ten new wooden coasters. While most were of typical wooden coaster size, a few set coaster records.
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Wooden roller coaster built to the plans of Ervin Dragon, is 17 m (55.8 ft) in height and travels 980 m (3,215 ft) in five minutes. It is one of the few remaining
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Great Coasters International (GCI) was formed in 1994 by Mike Boodley and Clair Hain, Jr, the former of whom was a designer at Custom Coasters prior to GCI. The first coaster was
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A roller coaster requiring a brakeman to ride the train, and the last built roller coaster in the world to use side friction technology. It is also an ACE Coaster Classic.
965:, which was made of steel. The ride was well-received but was plagued by a number of incidents, including two that were serious, eventually leading to its demise in 2012. 670:, was a small family coaster that stood only 55 feet high. As time went on, they began to design larger coasters. One of their earlier coasters that was well received was 4497: 1072:
and Rocky Mountain Construction began using prefabricated track in the 2010s. The design borrows the principles of steel coaster manufacturing and applies them to wood.
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were large wooden coasters with similar layouts, with the later opening as the tallest wooden coaster in the world at 161 feet. After a dispute during construction of
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in 1981, which still holds the records for racing wooden coasters of height (127 ft), length (4650 ft), speed (66 mph), and drop (147 ft).
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Early wooden roller coaster design of the 19th century featured a single set of wheels running on top of the track, which was common in scenic railway rides.
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Located in Santa Cruz, California, it is among the last original oceanfront roller coasters still operating on the West Coast. It is protected under the
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Located in San Diego, California, it is among the last original oceanfront roller coasters still operating on the West Coast. It is protected under the
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The 1920s was the Golden Age of coaster design. This was the decade when many of the world's most iconic coasters were built. Some of these include the
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The roller coaster was operated continuously until 1935, again from 1937 to 1985, and finally from 1999 to 2016. It reopened once again in 2020.
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which opened in 1996. Since then, they have become one of the major wooden coaster designers in the industry, with award-winning coasters like
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Two wooden coasters operated by Six Flags; the version at Discovery Kingdom was removed in 2015 and converted to RMC hybrid coaster "Joker".
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Was the world's tallest, fastest, and longest wooden roller coaster upon opening. In 2014, converted into a steel roller coaster.
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in 1924). In 1985 The Jack Rabbit became the oldest continuously operating coaster in the U.S. with the temporary closing of
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Contained one of the steepest drops found on a wooden roller coaster (60 degrees) when it opened. It is protected under the
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and Harry Traver, and the company focuses on making the structures of their coasters aesthetically appealing and artistic.
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A roller coaster requiring a brakeman to ride the train, and the only operational scenic railway in the UK. It is also an
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First large-scale wooden roller coaster to be relocated when it was moved from San Antonio to its current location in
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Features three 90-degree banked turns and is the second longest wooden roller coaster in the world behind The Beast.
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Only wooden roller coaster originally built in-house by Six Flags, and a mirror image of the Coney Island Cyclone.
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after leaving Kings Island in 1984, oversaw some of these relocations, including the relocation of The Rocket from
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in 2016, and until 2024 featured a magnetic launch of 45 mph up a 200' hill, similar to the magnetic lift on
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Notable designers from the former Custom Coasters International formed The Gravity Group and in 2005 opened
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made history in 2000 by incorporating the first successful attempt of an inversion on a wooden coaster, a
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Like steel roller coasters, wooden roller coasters usually use the same three-wheel design, pioneered by
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Modern version of a classic wooden bobsled coaster. Its layout is similar to an older model located at
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Wicker Man was the UK's first wooden roller coaster to be built in 21 years after Megafobia in Wales.
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soon followed. Topper Track provides the added benefit of smoother rides and lower maintenance costs.
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also designed five wooden coasters with a single inversion: these include coasters at each of three
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This relatively quiet age of coaster design following the Great Depression was brought to an end by
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Voted the world's #1 wooden roller coaster by the National Amusement Park Historical Association
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Formerly themed as "Terminator Salvation: The Ride". Replacement for the dismantled and scrapped
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Named after the park's mascot, Coaster the Dragon, and allows the riders to "enter the dragon".
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is the oldest wooden roller coaster in the country; it opened in 1951 and is still in operation.
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in 1948, it was purchased and relocated to Queensbury in 1993 after Crystal Beach closed down.
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Traditionally, wooden roller coasters were not capable of featuring extreme elements such as
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Formerly known as Bjergrutschebanen (the Mountain Roller Coaster); still run with brake men
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Opened in 1923 and was reprofiled in 1936, adding two more drops and a brand new station. A
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When it opened, it was the fastest roller coaster in the world (the title was taken by
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This ride was built over the beach because Morey's Piers ran out of room on the pier.
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and track, which usually move anywhere from a few inches to a few feet with a passing
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In the 2010s, a new era of wooden roller coasters came about with the introduction of
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The common choice of wood selected for modern wooden roller coasters worldwide is
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Opened with one of the steepest drops of any wooden roller coaster (76 degrees).
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wheels, similar to a rail car, eliminating the need for side friction wheels.
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Current record holder for the steepest wooden roller coaster (77 degrees).
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Known simply as "Roller Coaster" or the "White Roller Coaster" by locals.
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Wooden roller coasters provide a very different ride and experience from
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A roller coaster requiring a brakeman to ride the train. It is also an
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Has speeds up to 76 km/h (47 mph). Featured in the movie
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Michael A. Dunn; Todd F. Shupe; Richard P. Vlosky (April 2003).
2835:"Thrills, Chills, and Stability: SYP and Wooden Roller Coasters" 1101: 768:
In 2002, Custom Coasters declared bankruptcy while building the
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The second oldest extant roller coaster in America formerly at
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CCI's coaster designs included both out and back layouts like
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The tallest double track wooden roller coaster in the world
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and the 3rd oldest in the world. In 2002 the ride became a
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The biggest wooden roller coaster in operation in Belgium.
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Coaster Classic, It has not been operational since 2015.
2931:"Apocalypse: The Ride  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)" 2652:"Get ready for the next wave of looping wooden coasters" 3542:"Roller Coaster  (Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach)" 2812:"Hades 360  (Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park)" 1080:
for a prefabricated wooden coaster have wheels made of
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Declared "King of the Coasters" by the New York Times
2837:. Southern Pine Awareness Network. 26 December 2018. 2736:"Jungle Trailblazer  (Oriental Heritage Jinan)" 2458:
Tieteen kuvalehti Historia 11/2014, p.74 (in Finnish)
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A notable non-PTC coaster built during this time was
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Ireland's first (and currently only) wooden coaster
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abundant in the southern United States from eastern
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3254:"Giant Dipper  (Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk)" 3197:"Grand National  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)" 2582:"'Son of the Beast' Closed After Injury Complaint" 2525:"Extreme Rides and Wooden Roller Coasters Reviews" 1267:Second "prefabricated" wooden coaster to be built 3884:"Zippin Pippin  (Bay Beach Amusement Park)" 3618:"Shivering Timbers  (Michigan's Adventure)" 2893:"American Eagle  (Six Flags Great America)" 2793:"Mine Blower  (Fun Spot America Kissimmee)" 614:In 1988, Charlie Dinn started a partnership with 284:after the introduction of tubular steel track by 2969:"Blue Streak  (Cedar Point,Sandusky Ohio)" 1358:One of the largest wooden coasters in the world 1190:Tallest and fastest racing coaster in the world 3322:"Jack Rabbit  (Seabreeze Amusement Park)" 2628:. Coaster-Net. 16 February 2011. Archived from 2511:"Kings Island: A Leader in New Ideas for Years" 2115:The world's 4th longest wooden roller coaster. 4498:Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure 3846:"Yankee Cannonball  (Canobie Lake Park)" 2912:"Big Dipper  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)" 611:and is ranked highly on wooden coaster polls. 4154: 3925: 3447:"Phoenix  (Knoebels' Amusement Resort)" 1147:The following list is in alphabetical order. 1131:, do not have upstop wheels and are known as 8: 3140:"El Toro  (Six Flags Great Adventure)" 3045:"Colossus  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)" 757:at Six Flags St. Louis, run trains from the 3599:"Scenic Railway  (Dreamland Margate)" 3504:"Roar  (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)" 2698:"Wildfire  (KolmĂĄrden Wildlife Park)" 2494:"SCREEEEEEAM! An Oral history of The Beast" 1335:Longest wooden roller coaster in the world 4161: 4147: 4139: 3932: 3918: 3910: 2717:"Goliath  (Six Flags Great America)" 1149: 426:Learn how and when to remove this message 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4232: 3751:"Viper  (Six Flags Great America)" 3732:"Tremors  (Silverwood Theme Park)" 3713:"Tonnerre de Zeus  (Parc AstĂ©rix)" 3428:"Outlaw Run  (Silver Dollar City)" 3178:"GhostRider  (Knott's Berry Farm)" 191: 133: 3409:"Megafobia  (Oakwood Theme Park)" 3064:"Comet  (Six Flags Great Escape)" 2451: 784:, and the wooden coaster department at 3561:"Rutschebanen  (Tivoli Gardens)" 3303:"HullámvasĂşt  (Holnemvolt Park)" 2988:"Boulder Dash  (Lake Compounce)" 2829: 2827: 2825: 4316:(in association with US Thrill Rides) 2626:"Rocky Mountain Construction Company" 2599:McClelland, Justin (4 October 2012). 2500:, 29 May 2014. Accessed 7 April 2019. 1019:and the conversion of their existing 959:Roller Coaster Corporation of America 745:as well as more twisted layouts like 7: 3865:"Zippin Pippin  (Libertyland)" 3637:"Son of Beast  (Kings Island)" 3390:"Loup Garou  (Walibi Belgium)" 3273:"Giant Dipper  (Belmont Park)" 3216:"Great White  (Morey's Piers)" 2872:(53). Forest Products Society: 36–41 2601:"Dismantling begins on Son of Beast" 2584:. WLWT. 22 June 2009. Archived from 2527:. Zuko. 18 June 2007. Archived from 2513:. COASTER-net.com. 29 December 2010. 2312:Holiday World & Splashin' Safari 1692:National Register of Historic Places 1665:National Register of Historic Places 1437:National Register of Historic Places 1084:treads, similar to a steel coaster. 364:adding citations to reliable sources 308:allowed for new possibilities, with 58:adding citations to reliable sources 4508:Indiana Jones et le Temple du PĂ©ril 3580:"Scenic Railway  (Luna Park)" 624:Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom 4292:Discontinued roller coaster models 3827:"Wicker Man  (Alton Towers)" 3808:"Vuoristorata  (Linnanmäki)" 3466:"Racer 75  (Kings Dominion)" 3121:"Dragon Coaster  (Playland)" 1143:Examples of wooden roller coasters 1025:Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park 945:had a steel vertical loop (center) 25: 3485:"Roar  (Six Flags America)" 3235:"Grizzly  (Kings Dominion)" 3102:"CĂş Chulainn  (Tayto Park)" 3007:"The Beast  (Kings Island)" 2841:from the original on 30 July 2021 1441:New York City Designated Landmark 3675:"Thunderbolt  (Kennywood)" 3523:"Roller Coaster  (Lagoon)" 1007:theme parks in China, all named 881:Mt. Olympus Water and Theme Park 526:Second Golden Age (1972–present) 340: 34: 4412:Double and triple Ferris wheels 3789:"Voyage  (Holiday World)" 933:First inverting wooden coasters 351:needs additional citations for 45:needs additional citations for 3358:Le Monstre, La Ronde, Montreal 2474:. American Coaster Enthusiasts 1696:California Historical Landmark 1562:Longest wooden coaster on the 1: 4593:Superman: Escape from Krypton 4186:Current roller coaster models 3656:"T Express  (Everland)" 2550:Barry, Lance (10 July 2006). 2083:The oldest wooden coaster in 1998:Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach 1725:side friction roller coasters 1133:side friction roller coasters 949:In 2000, Kings Island opened 659:Custom Coasters International 654:Custom Coasters International 454:with a lift hill and a tunnel 3083:"Cyclone  (Luna Park)" 778:Great Coasters International 4493:Green Lantern: First Flight 3770:"Coaster  (Playland)" 3371:"Monstre  (La Ronde)" 1952:Six Flags Discovery Kingdom 1700:San Diego Historic Landmark 907:Rocky Mountain Construction 306:Rocky Mountain Construction 276:, near-vertical drops, and 4705: 4643:Volcano: The Blast Coaster 3290:ACE Coaster Classic Awards 2950:"Balder  (Liseberg)" 2421:from 1923 to 2005. It was 1898:Knoebels' Amusement Resort 1653:Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk 464:Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk 4238:Reverse Free Fall Coaster 4176: 2192:Timberhawk: Ride of Prey 1885:with an 87 degree drop). 1525:Knoebels Amusement Resort 1502:Six Flags Great Adventure 870:Six Flags Great Adventure 607:. It now operates as the 601:Knoebels Amusement Resort 514:, and the partnership of 230:classified by its wooden 4405:Other discontinued rides 2403:Bay Beach Amusement Park 1744:Seabreeze Amusement Park 1727:in the world, and is an 1579:Pleasure Beach Blackpool 1371:Six Flags Magic Mountain 1230:Six Flags Magic Mountain 1215:Grade II listed building 1203:Blackpool Pleasure Beach 4689:Types of roller coaster 4228:Multi Inversion Coaster 3905:Roller Coaster Database 3888:Roller Coaster DataBase 3869:Roller Coaster DataBase 3850:Roller Coaster DataBase 3831:Roller Coaster DataBase 3812:Roller Coaster DataBase 3793:Roller Coaster DataBase 3774:Roller Coaster DataBase 3755:Roller Coaster DataBase 3736:Roller Coaster DataBase 3717:Roller Coaster DataBase 3698:Roller Coaster DataBase 3679:Roller Coaster DataBase 3660:Roller Coaster DataBase 3641:Roller Coaster DataBase 3622:Roller Coaster DataBase 3603:Roller Coaster DataBase 3584:Roller Coaster DataBase 3565:Roller Coaster DataBase 3546:Roller Coaster DataBase 3527:Roller Coaster DataBase 3508:Roller Coaster DataBase 3489:Roller Coaster DataBase 3470:Roller Coaster DataBase 3451:Roller Coaster DataBase 3432:Roller Coaster DataBase 3413:Roller Coaster DataBase 3394:Roller Coaster DataBase 3375:Roller Coaster DataBase 3345:Roller Coaster DataBase 3326:Roller Coaster DataBase 3307:Roller Coaster DataBase 3277:Roller Coaster DataBase 3258:Roller Coaster DataBase 3239:Roller Coaster DataBase 3220:Roller Coaster DataBase 3201:Roller Coaster DataBase 3182:Roller Coaster DataBase 3163:Roller Coaster DataBase 3144:Roller Coaster DataBase 3125:Roller Coaster DataBase 3106:Roller Coaster DataBase 3087:Roller Coaster DataBase 3068:Roller Coaster DataBase 3049:Roller Coaster DataBase 3030:Roller Coaster DataBase 3011:Roller Coaster DataBase 2992:Roller Coaster DataBase 2973:Roller Coaster DataBase 2954:Roller Coaster DataBase 2935:Roller Coaster DataBase 2916:Roller Coaster DataBase 2897:Roller Coaster DataBase 2866:Forest Products Journal 2816:Roller Coaster DataBase 2797:Roller Coaster DataBase 2778:Roller Coaster DataBase 2759:Roller Coaster DataBase 2740:Roller Coaster DataBase 2721:Roller Coaster DataBase 2702:Roller Coaster DataBase 2683:Roller Coaster DataBase 2262:Six Flags Great America 1451:The CĂş Chulainn Coaster 1180:Six Flags Great America 995:Six Flags Great America 987:KolmĂĄrden Wildlife Park 851:steel coaster designer 570:Six Flags Great America 375:"Wooden roller coaster" 326:Six Flags Great America 69:"Wooden roller coaster" 4684:Wooden roller coasters 4578:Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin 1910:Elysburg, Pennsylvania 1410:Crystal Beach, Ontario 1394:Six Flags Great Escape 946: 774:Cliff's Amusement Park 455: 266:underfriction coasters 262:side friction coasters 219: 204: 189: 171: 145: 27:Type of roller coaster 4179:List of Intamin rides 3949:Construction material 2280:Wooden Roller Coaster 2240:Silverwood Theme Park 2196:Wild Waves Theme Park 1975:Lagoon Amusement Park 1100:approach to inducing 1094:steel roller coasters 981:in 2012. Others like 940: 724:Myrtle Beach Pavilion 720:Hurricane: Category 5 700:Six Flags New Orleans 441: 282:steel roller coasters 224:wooden roller coaster 210: 195: 177: 151: 137: 4233:Prefabricated Wooden 2472:"Coasters – History" 2105:Michigan's Adventure 1883:ZDT’s Amusement Park 1420:Coney Island Cyclone 1225:Apocalypse: The Ride 1042:southern yellow pine 1036:Southern yellow pine 794:Michigan's Adventure 632:Six Flags Over Texas 360:improve this article 247:southern yellow pine 143:Luna Park, Melbourne 54:improve this article 4658:Woodstock's Express 4618:Top Thrill Dragster 4473:Escape from Pompeii 4329:Other current rides 3975:Train configuration 2498:Cincinnati Magazine 1151: 1088:Wooden versus steel 1064:Prefabricated track 941:From 2000 to 2006, 879:(now Hades 360) at 684:Six Flags St. Louis 561:mine train coasters 549:Six Flags St. Louis 4628:Tower of Terror II 4463:Disaster Transport 2632:on 6 December 2011 2588:on 18 August 2011. 2419:Memphis, Tennessee 1866:Silver Dollar City 1842:Oakwood Theme Park 1552:Knott's Berry Farm 1406:Crystal Beach Park 1150: 1058:pressure treatment 1017:Fun Spot Kissimmee 1009:Jungle Trailblazer 979:Silver Dollar City 947: 770:New Mexico Rattler 751:Oakwood Theme Park 490:, The Thriller at 456: 318:Silver Dollar City 280:commonly found on 251:pressure treatment 220: 205: 190: 172: 146: 4671: 4670: 4598:Superman The Ride 4136: 4135: 2656:Los Angeles Times 2605:Dayton Daily News 2431: 2430: 2381:Canobie Lake Park 2376:Yankee Cannonball 2297:Riding the Bullet 2100:Shivering Timbers 2073:Dreamland Margate 2060:Coaster Classic. 2012:Coaster Classic. 1948:Six Flags America 1005:Oriental Heritage 1001:The Gravity Group 957:and built by the 790:Shivering Timbers 786:S&S Worldwide 782:The Gravity Group 739:Hoosier Hurricane 616:Curtis D. Summers 492:Euclid Beach Park 436: 435: 428: 410: 286:Arrow Development 211:The lift hill on 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4696: 4543:Millennium Force 4376:Looping Starship 4163: 4156: 4149: 4140: 3982:Fourth dimension 3934: 3927: 3920: 3911: 3892: 3891: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3366: 3360: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3298: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2820: 2819: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2658:. 1 October 2014 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2558:. Archived from 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2468: 2459: 2456: 2213:Tonnerre de Zeus 1756:The Giant Dipper 1593:roller coasters 1152: 921:which opened at 915:Twisted Colossus 812:Modern designers 692:Six Flags Mexico 668:Dutch Wonderland 593:Dinn Corporation 520:Great Depression 516:Prior and Church 431: 424: 420: 417: 411: 409: 368: 344: 336: 278:overbanked turns 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4421: 4400: 4346:Flying Dutchman 4324: 4287: 4181: 4172: 4167: 4137: 4132: 4076: 4057:Summer toboggan 3970: 3944: 3938: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3882:Marden, Duane. 3881: 3880: 3876: 3863:Marden, Duane. 3862: 3861: 3857: 3844:Marden, Duane. 3843: 3842: 3838: 3825:Marden, Duane. 3824: 3823: 3819: 3806:Marden, Duane. 3805: 3804: 3800: 3787:Marden, Duane. 3786: 3785: 3781: 3768:Marden, Duane. 3767: 3766: 3762: 3749:Marden, Duane. 3748: 3747: 3743: 3730:Marden, Duane. 3729: 3728: 3724: 3711:Marden, Duane. 3710: 3709: 3705: 3692:Marden, Duane. 3691: 3690: 3686: 3673:Marden, Duane. 3672: 3671: 3667: 3654:Marden, Duane. 3653: 3652: 3648: 3635:Marden, Duane. 3634: 3633: 3629: 3616:Marden, Duane. 3615: 3614: 3610: 3597:Marden, Duane. 3596: 3595: 3591: 3578:Marden, Duane. 3577: 3576: 3572: 3559:Marden, Duane. 3558: 3557: 3553: 3540:Marden, Duane. 3539: 3538: 3534: 3521:Marden, Duane. 3520: 3519: 3515: 3502:Marden, Duane. 3501: 3500: 3496: 3483:Marden, Duane. 3482: 3481: 3477: 3464:Marden, Duane. 3463: 3462: 3458: 3445:Marden, Duane. 3444: 3443: 3439: 3426:Marden, Duane. 3425: 3424: 3420: 3407:Marden, Duane. 3406: 3405: 3401: 3388:Marden, Duane. 3387: 3386: 3382: 3369:Marden, Duane. 3368: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3341:"Leap the Dips" 3339:Marden, Duane. 3338: 3337: 3333: 3320:Marden, Duane. 3319: 3318: 3314: 3301:Marden, Duane. 3300: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3284: 3271:Marden, Duane. 3270: 3269: 3265: 3252:Marden, Duane. 3251: 3250: 3246: 3233:Marden, Duane. 3232: 3231: 3227: 3214:Marden, Duane. 3213: 3212: 3208: 3195:Marden, Duane. 3194: 3193: 3189: 3176:Marden, Duane. 3175: 3174: 3170: 3157:Marden, Duane. 3156: 3155: 3151: 3138:Marden, Duane. 3137: 3136: 3132: 3119:Marden, Duane. 3118: 3117: 3113: 3100:Marden, Duane. 3099: 3098: 3094: 3081:Marden, Duane. 3080: 3079: 3075: 3062:Marden, Duane. 3061: 3060: 3056: 3043:Marden, Duane. 3042: 3041: 3037: 3024:Marden, Duane. 3023: 3022: 3018: 3005:Marden, Duane. 3004: 3003: 2999: 2986:Marden, Duane. 2985: 2984: 2980: 2967:Marden, Duane. 2966: 2965: 2961: 2948:Marden, Duane. 2947: 2946: 2942: 2929:Marden, Duane. 2928: 2927: 2923: 2910:Marden, Duane. 2909: 2908: 2904: 2891:Marden, Duane. 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2823: 2810:Marden, Duane. 2809: 2808: 2804: 2791:Marden, Duane. 2790: 2789: 2785: 2772:Marden, Duane. 2771: 2770: 2766: 2753:Marden, Duane. 2752: 2751: 2747: 2734:Marden, Duane. 2733: 2732: 2728: 2715:Marden, Duane. 2714: 2713: 2709: 2696:Marden, Duane. 2695: 2694: 2690: 2677:Marden, Duane. 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2562:on 20 July 2006 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2531:on 20 June 2012 2523: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2436: 2365:United Kingdom 2152:Everland Resort 2089:Grade II listed 2080:United Kingdom 2005:United Kingdom 1849:United Kingdom 1601:The Great White 1586:United Kingdom 1210:United Kingdom 1145: 1090: 1068:Companies like 1066: 1038: 1033: 935: 826:Lightning Racer 814: 806:Amusement Today 722:at the defunct 714:at the defunct 698:at the defunct 664:Kingdom Coaster 656: 545:Screamin' Eagle 533: 528: 432: 421: 415: 412: 369: 367: 357: 345: 334: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4702: 4700: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4676: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4653:Wilderness Run 4650: 4648:Wicked Twister 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4503:Incredicoaster 4500: 4495: 4490: 4488:The Giant Drop 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4438:American Eagle 4435: 4433:Alpine Bobsled 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3942:roller coaster 3939: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3899:External links 3897: 3894: 3893: 3874: 3855: 3836: 3817: 3798: 3779: 3760: 3741: 3722: 3703: 3684: 3665: 3646: 3627: 3608: 3589: 3570: 3551: 3532: 3513: 3494: 3475: 3456: 3437: 3418: 3399: 3380: 3361: 3350: 3331: 3312: 3293: 3282: 3263: 3244: 3225: 3206: 3187: 3168: 3149: 3130: 3111: 3092: 3073: 3054: 3035: 3016: 2997: 2978: 2959: 2940: 2921: 2902: 2883: 2852: 2821: 2802: 2783: 2764: 2745: 2726: 2707: 2688: 2669: 2643: 2617: 2591: 2573: 2542: 2516: 2502: 2492:Murtha, Lisa. 2485: 2460: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2411: 2410:United States 2408: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2388:United States 2386: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2319:United States 2317: 2314: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2276: 2275: 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1868: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1819:Walibi Belgium 1816: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782:United States 1780: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1752: 1751:United States 1749: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1688: 1687:United States 1685: 1682: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1661: 1660:United States 1658: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1636:United States 1634: 1631: 1629:Kings Dominion 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613:United States 1611: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1576: 1574:Grand National 1570: 1569: 1567: 1560: 1559:United States 1557: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1537:Riverview Park 1533: 1532:United States 1530: 1527: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509:United States 1507: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486:United States 1484: 1481: 1476: 1474:Dragon Coaster 1470: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1433: 1432:United States 1430: 1427: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1402: 1401:United States 1399: 1396: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378:United States 1376: 1373: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332:United States 1330: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309:United States 1307: 1304: 1302:Lake Compounce 1299: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1287:United States 1285: 1282: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1238: 1237:United States 1235: 1232: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1187:United States 1185: 1182: 1177: 1175:American Eagle 1171: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1144: 1141: 1089: 1086: 1065: 1062: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 955:Werner Stengel 953:. Designed by 934: 931: 813: 810: 802:Lake Compounce 708:Lake Compounce 655: 652: 566:American Eagle 532: 529: 527: 524: 504:John A. Miller 496:Roller Coaster 444:Dragon Coaster 434: 433: 348: 346: 339: 333: 330: 258:John A. Miller 228:roller coaster 203:amusement park 160:amusement park 139:Scenic Railway 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 18:Wooden coaster 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4701: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4638:VelociCoaster 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4613:Thunder River 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4483:Formula Rossa 4481: 4479: 4478:Falcon's Fury 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426:Notable rides 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4396:Tow boat ride 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4258:Vertical Lift 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4062:Virginia Reel 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4032:Side friction 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3935: 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