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in these primates. It has up to now generated more than 50 scientific papers and is remarkable for its engagement with the local community as well as a large number of students and volunteers―national and international, specialist and lay―over its lifetime. The research has yielded deep insights into
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The Sri Lanka primate project still continues, now more than four decades later. It is recognized as being the most intensive long-term study of a wild population of primates, anywhere, ever. Dittus' team tracks (among dozens of other variables) the life histories of some 4,500 macaques from birth to
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the ecology and evolutionary biology not only of primates, but also of social mammals in general. On the premise that public education is basic to nature conservation, Dittus has contributed to many documentary films in international television about the fascinating phenomenon of primate societies.
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5. De Silva, A.M., Dittus, W.P.J., Amerasinghe, P.H., et al. 1999. Serologic evidence for an epizootic dengue virus infecting toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60(2), 300-306. 6. Dittus, W.P.J. 1998. Birth sex ratios in
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3. Ekanayake, D.K., Welch, R.K., Kieft, R., Hajduk, S. & Dittus, W.P.J. 2007 . Transmission dynamics of
Cryprosporidium infection in a natural population of non-human primates at Polonnaruwa. American Journal Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77(5), 818-822.
107:' programme. With the phasing out of the Smithsonian's association with this program in 1972, all but Dittus' study on toque macaques came to an end. His PhD research contributed original and seminal discoveries in the fields of behavioral-ecology,
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4. Dittus, W.P.J. 2004. Demography: a window to social evolution; pp 87–116 in (Thierry, B., Singh, M. & Kaumanns, W., eds.): Macaque societies: A model for the study of social organization, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
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10. Cheverud, J.M. and Dittus, W.P.J. 1992. Primate population studies at
Polonnaruwa. 2. Heritability of body measurements in a natural-population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica). American Journal of Primatology 27(2), 145-156.
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8. Hoelzer, G. A., Dittus, W. P. J., Ashley, M. V. et al. 1994. The local distribution of highly divergent mitochondrial-DNA haplotypes in toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. Molecular Ecology 3(5), 451-458.
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15. Dittus W.P.J. 1980. The social regulation of primate populations: a synthesis; in
Lindburg D.G. (ed.), The macaques: studies in ecology, behavior and evolution. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 263–286.
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7. Keane, B., Dittus, W.P.J. and
Melnick, D.J. 1997.Paternity assessment in wild groups of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka using molecular markers. Molecular Ecology 6(3): 267-282.
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12. Dittus, W.P.J. 1986. Sex-differences in fitness following a group take-over among toque macaques - testing models of social evolution. Behavioral
Ecology and Sociobiology 19(4): 257-.
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127:, documents migration between troupes and monitors the social rank and relations of each individual through time. His team has been engaged in similar long-term studies on the
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1. Dittus, W. P. J. and Lemon, R. E. 1969. Effects of song tutoring and acoustic isolation on song repertoires of cardinals. Animal
Behaviour 17, 523-533.
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14. Dittus, W.P.J. 1984. Toque macaque food calls - semantic communication concerning food distribution in the environment. Animal
Behaviour 32, 470-477.
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2. Dittus, W. P. J., 1974. The ecology and behavior of the toque monkey, Macaca sinica. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maryland, Maryland; 55+127+56 pp.
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toque macaques and other mammals: integrating the effects of maternal condition and competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 44: 149-160 .
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11. Dittus, W. P. J. 1987. Group fusion among wild toque-macaques - an extreme case of intergroup resource competition. Behaviour 100, 247-291.
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16. Dittus, W.P.J. 1979. Evolution of behaviors: regulating density and age-specific sex ratios in a primate population. Behaviour 69, 265-302.
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17. Dittus, W.P.J. 1977. The social regulation of population density and age-sex distribution in toque monkey. Behaviour 63(2), 281-322.
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13. Dittus, W.P.J. 1985. The influence of cyclones on the dry evergreen forest of Sri Lanka. Biotropica 7(1), 1-14.
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growth in a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica). Journal of Human Evolution 23(1), 51-77.
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9. Cheverud, J.M., Wilson, P. and Dittus, W.P.J. 1992. Primate population studies at Polonnaruwa. 3.
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Born in Berlin, Germany, and brought up in the rural Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald) region
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Wolf Dittus, has two children Thomas and Tatiana, and continues to live and work in Sri Lanka.
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in 1968. This work was conducted largely at a research site established at
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383:"Clever Monkeys - Production Credits | Nature | PBS"
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451:Scientists from Baden-Württemberg
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360:. 2019-01-13. Archived from
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