272:"I suppose that some of the variability exhibited in these wolves could have resulted from crossings in the wild with dogs. Such crosses in the wild have been reported and the wolf in captivity crosses readily with dogs. Some years ago at Circle, Alaska, a wolf hung around the settlement for some time and some of the dogs were seen with it. The people thought that the wolf was a female attracted to the dogs during the breeding period. However, considerable variability is probably inherent in the species, enough perhaps to account for the variations noted in the park and in skins examined. The amount of crossing with dogs has probably not been sufficient to alter much the genetic composition of the wolf population."
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from the gray wolf genes also present in these wolf species due to their historical overlaps with North
American gray wolves as well as with coyotes, both of which have introgressed into the eastern timber and red wolf gene pools. At the same time, because many isolated populations of the three wolf species in North America have also mixed with coyotes in the wild, it has been speculated by some biologists that some of the
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331:. Robert K. Wayne, a canine evolutionary biologist, stated that he believed that dogs were the first to have the mutation. He further stated that even if it originally arose in Eurasian wolves, it was passed on to dogs who, soon after their arrival, brought it to the New World and then passed it to wolves and coyotes. Black wolves with recent dog ancestry tend to retain black pigment longer as they age.
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1990:â The archived documents are two open letters, the June 1997 from R. McBryde to D.R. Parsons, and his letter in reply, July 1997. At issue is the use of known wolf-dog hybrids derived from the Ghost Ranch, formerly on display at the 'Living Deseart Zoo' in Carlsbad, NM, in the Mexican Wolf Recovery Program. The two letters are followed by more extensive reports of the status of three
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633:) taken from across the genome of grey wolves. The study indicated that there exists individual wolves of dog-wolf ancestry in most of the wolf populations of Eurasia, but less so in North America. The admixture has been occurring across different time scales and was not a recent event. Low-level admixture did not reduce the wolf distinctiveness.
403:. Four breeds were the result of intentional crosses with German Shepherd Dogs and have distinguishing characteristics of appearance that may reflect the varying subspecies of wolf that contributed to their foundation stock. Other, more unusual crosses have occurred; recent experiments in Germany were conducted in the crossing of wolves and
416:
606:. As the survival of some Continental European wolf packs is severely threatened, scientists fear that the creation of wolfdog populations in the wild is a threat to the continued existence of European wolf populations. However, extensive admixture between wolf and dog is not supported by morphological evidence, and analyses of
41:
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According to the
National Wolfdog Alliance, 40 U.S. states effectively forbid the ownership, breeding, and importation of wolfdogs, while others impose some form of regulation upon ownership. In Canada, the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island prohibit wolfdogs
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found several examples of misrepresentation by breeders and indeterminate levels of actual wolf pedigree in many animals sold as wolfdogs. The report noted that uneducated citizens misidentify dogs with wolf-like appearance as wolfdogs. Wolfdogs tend to have somewhat smaller heads than pure wolves,
176:
At the same time, wolfdogs are also often bred in captivity for various purposes. Admixture of dogs and two other North
American wolf species have also occurred historically in the wild, although it is often difficult for biologists to discriminate the dog genes in the eastern timber and red wolves
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Wolfdogs are a mixture of genetic traits, which results in less predictable behavior patterns compared to either the wolf or dog. The adult behavior of wolfdog pups also cannot be predicted with comparable certainty to dog pups, even in third-generation pups produced by wolfdog mating with dogs or
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Admixture in the wild usually occurs near human habitations where wolf density is low and dogs are common. However, there were several reported cases of wolfdogs in areas with normal wolf densities in the former Soviet Union. Wild wolfdogs were occasionally hunted by
European aristocracy, and were
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are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia. Such admixture in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North
America, usually
768:
Tests undertaken in the Perm
Institute of Interior Forces in Russia demonstrated that high wolf-content wolfdogs took 15â20 seconds to track down a target in training sessions, whereas ordinary police dogs took 3â4 minutes. The scientific evidence to support the claims by wolfdog
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designated for release was found by Roy McBride to be largely composed of wolf-dogs, who had captured many wolves for the recovery programme in the 1970s. Though staff initially argued that the animals' odd appearance was due to captivity and diet, it was later decided to euthanise them.
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with larger, pointier ears that lack the dense fur commonly seen in those of wolves. Fur markings also tend to be very distinctive and not well blended. Black-colored wolfdogs tend to retain black pigment longer as they age, compared to black wolves. In some cases, the presence of
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on the hind feet is considered a useful, but not absolute, indicator of dog gene contamination in wild wolves. Dewclaws are the vestigial first toes, which are common on the hind legs of domestic dogs but thought absent from pure wolves, which only have four hind toes.
733:, all showed a decrease in fertility, significant communication problems, and an increase of genetic diseases after three generations of interbreeding between the hybrids. The researchers therefore concluded that domestic dogs and wolves are the same species.
546:
wanted a dog that would possess the trainability and pack mentality of the German
Shepherd, combined with the strength, superior senses and cold-resistance of a wild wolf, able to cope in the harsh conditions of the vast Russian borders. In 2000, a
223:. However, the global dog population forms a genetic cluster with little evidence for gene flow from wolves into dogs. Ancient DNA shows that dogs from Europe over 5,000 years ago also show little evidence of interbreeding with wild canids.
574:. More than 13% of the studied wolves had detectable dog ancestry and more than 10% of the dogs had detectable wolf ancestry. The results of the study suggest that admixture between wolves and dogs is a common event in the areas where large
640:
mountainous region along the border between
Bulgaria and North Macedonia a putative grey wolf was recorded by camera to be living with a pack of 10 feral dogs, and by its behaviour and phenotype was assumed to be a wolf-dog hybrid.
391:
breed. The union resulted in a litter of nine pups. Wolfdogs were occasionally purchased by
English noblemen, who viewed them as a scientific curiosity. Wolfdogs were popular exhibits in British menageries and zoos.
805:
Due to the variability inherent to their admixture, whether a wolfâdog cross should be considered more dangerous than a dog depends on behavior specific to the individual alone rather than to wolfdogs as a group.
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and wolves, and later on with the resulting wolfdogs showed unrestricted fertility, mating via free choice and no significant problems of communication (even after a few generations). However, the offspring of
602:) of large wolves that were abnormally aggressive toward humans, may be attributable to wolf-dog mating. In Europe, unintentional mating of dogs and wild wolves have been confirmed in some populations through
161:
There are a range of experts who believe that they can tell the difference between a wolf, a dog, and a wolfdog, but they have been proven to be incorrect when providing their evidence before courts of law.
231:
A 1982 study of canine skulls from
Wyoming dating back 10,000 years ago identified some that match the morphology of wolfdogs. This study was rebutted as not providing convincing evidence four years later.
240:
In 2010, archeologists found the remains of wolf-dogs in a warrior's burial in Mexico's central valley that date about two thousand years ago, therefore what was once thought as coyotes depicted in
2004:
Pilot, MaĆgorzata; Greco, Claudia; Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Randi, Ettore; JÄdrzejewski, WĆodzimierz; Sidorovich, Vadim E.; KonopiĆski, Maciej K.; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Wayne, Robert K. (2018).
1745:
Kopaliani, Natia; Shakarashvili, Maia; Gurielidze, Zurab; Qurkhuli, Tamar; Tarkhnishvili, David (12 March 2014). "Gene flow between wolf and shepherd dog populations in Georgia (Caucasus)".
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line, until an F3 generation was standardised. Unlike the previous hybrids, the Volkosob was the only breed that was an effective border guardian as they are renowned for not being too shy.
777:
Wolfdogs are generally said to be naturally healthy animals, and are affected by fewer inherited diseases than most breeds of dog. Wolfdogs are usually healthier than either parent due to
1975:
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The view that aggressive characteristics are inherently a part of wolfdog temperament has been contested in recent years by wolfdog breeders and other advocates of wolfdogs as pets.
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comes from the year 1766 when what is thought was a male wolf mated with a dog identified in the language of the day as a "Pomeranian", although it may have differed from the modern
736:
Wolfdogs display a wide variety of appearances, ranging from a resemblance to dogs without wolf blood to animals that are often mistaken for full-blooded wolves. A lengthy study by
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are held in a traditional way, and that gene flow between dogs and gray wolves was an important force influencing gene pool of dogs for millennia since early domestication events.
395:
Six breeds of dog exist that acknowledge a significant amount of recent wolf-dog admixture in their creation. One breed is the "wolamute", a.k.a. "malawolf", a cross between an
219:
between wild and domestic species. There is evidence of widespread gene-flow from dogs into wolf populations, and very few deliberate crossings of wolves with dogs, such as the
3369:
264:
Genetic research revealed that wolves with black pelts owe their distinctive coloration to a mutation that entered the wolf population through admixture with the domestic dog.
1105:
Randi, Ettore; Hulva, Pavel; Fabbri, Elena; Galaverni, Marco; Galov, Ana; Kusak, Josip; Bigi, Daniele; BolfĂkovĂĄ, Barbora ÄernĂĄ; SmetanovĂĄ, Milena; Caniglia, Romolo (2014).
324:, with the mutation having arisen in dogs 13,000 to 120,000 years ago, with a preferred date of 47,000 years ago after comparing large sections of wolf, dog, and
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indicate that in a wild state these may form larger packs than pure wolves, and have greater endurance when chasing prey. High wolf-content wolfdogs typically have longer
737:
407:. The intent behind creating the breeds has ranged widely from simply the desire for a recognizable companion high-content wolfdog to professional military working dogs.
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Hybridization between wolves and dogs typically occurs when the wolf population is under strong hunting pressure and its structure is disrupted due to a high number of
1837:
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Gottelli, D.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Applebaum, G.D.; et al. (2015-09-28). "Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis".
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consider wolfdogs to be wild animals and therefore unsuitable as pets, and support an international ban on the private possession, breeding, and sale of wolfdogs.
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from the behavior of the parent animals. Thus, though the behavior of a single individual wolfdog may be predictable, the behavior of the type as a whole is not.
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590:. Wolves typically display aggressiveness toward dogs, but a wolf can change its behaviour and become playful or submissive when it becomes socially isolated.
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as pets. Most European nations have either outlawed the animal entirely or put restrictions on ownership. Wolfdogs were among the breeds banned from the
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of the vaccine. Wolfdog owners and breeders purport that the lack of official approval is a political move to prevent condoning wolfdog ownership.
2006:"Widespread, long-term admixture between grey wolves and domestic dogs across Eurasia and its implications for the conservation status of hybrids"
1962:
Wolves with an extra toe on their hind legs are the products of cross-mating between wolves and domestic dogs, scientists in Italy have confirmed.
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1982:
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recognized the breed in 1975. To honor its creator they changed the name to "Saarloos Wolfdog". In 1981, the breed was recognized by the
1890:
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510:, and today is used in agility, obedience, search and rescue, police work, therapy work, and herding in Europe and the United States.
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1821:
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287:
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1951:
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Walker, D.N.; Frison, G.C. (1982). "Studies on Amerindian dogs 3: Prehistoric wolf / dog hybrids from the northwestern plains".
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is responsible for the black coat color in dogs. The same mutation was responsible for black wolves in North America and the
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was among the first wolf biologists to speculate that the wide color variation in wolves was due to interbreeding with dogs;
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likely originated from past interactions between free-roaming feral dogs and Ethiopian wolves living in isolated areas.
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1623:
Wayne, Robert K.; Ostrander, Elaine A. (1999). "Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog".
1203:
762:
712:. In many cases the resulting adult wolfdog may be larger than either of its parents due to the genetic phenomenon of
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The physical characteristics of an animal created by breeding a wolf to a dog are not predictable, similar to that of
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1424:
Morey, Darcy F. (1986). "Studies on Amerindian dogs: Taxonomic analysis of canid crania from the northern plains".
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20:
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Canine Olfaction Science and Law: Advances in forensic science, medicine, conservation, and remedial conservation
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commenting that the animals are capable of biting through the toughest padding "like a knife through butter".
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is either the result of the animal's perceived danger or its categorization as protected native wildlife. The
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551:, noted for being unusually friendly and cooperative towards humans, was bred with German Shepherds of an
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was a Canadian timber wolf-Alaskan Malamute and animal actor, known for his roles in such movies as
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As of 1999 in the United States, over 100,000 wolfdogs exist. In first-generation wolfdogs,
1107:"Multilocus detection of wolf Ă dog hybridization in Italy, and guidelines for marker selection"
1374:
Hybrid communities: Biosocial approaches to domestication and other trans-species relationships
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935:, is a Northwestern movie, directed and produced by Sam Newfield, and produced by Regal Films
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has not to date approved any rabies vaccine for use in wolfdogs, though they do recommend an
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and wolfdogs in their gene pool. Hybrids between dogs and Ethiopian wolves discovered in the
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occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.
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439:. He then bred the female offspring back with the male German Shepherd Dog, creating the
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2005:
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Doris Feddersen-Petersen, Hundepsychologie, 4. Auflage, 2004, Franck-Kosmos-Verlag 2004
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Vila, Carles; Wayne, Robert K. (2001-12-24). "Hybridization between wolves and dogs".
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self-describes as a progressive "community based publication for wolfdog enthusiasts".
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1991:
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1943:
1506:"Adolph Murie speculated on dog-wolf hybridization as the source of unusual color"
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The wolfdog has been the center of controversy for much of its history, and most
443:. The breed was created to be a hardy, self reliant companion and house dog. The
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1601:. Wolfdog: America's other controversial canine, the wolf hybrid. Archived from
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1370:"Chapter 1. A genetic perspective on the domestication continuum"
778:
713:
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321:
216:
54:
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1720:
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781:. There is some controversy over the effectiveness of the standard dog/cat
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to distinguish them from common wolves. Noted historic cases (such as the
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3653:
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3508:
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2944:
2877:
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2580:
2241:"Marine Corps bans pit bulls, Rottweilers at Camp Pendleton, other bases"
1637:
10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199903)21:3<247::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-Z
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was also created to work on border patrol in the countries now known as
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1816:] (in German). Wittenberg Lutherstadt: Auflage; A. Ziemsen Verlag.
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A 2014 study found that 20% of wolves and 37% of dogs shared the same
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3003:
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1893:. Animal Welfare Information Center / National Agricultural Library.
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owe their coloration to a mutation that first arose in domestic dogs.
182:
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848:
Balto, Aleu and Kodi are fictitious wolfdogs in the animated films
373:
The Menageries: Quadrupeds Described and Drawn from Living Subjects
3307:
3297:
3292:
3215:
2917:
2897:
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2807:
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895:, that details the wild wolfdog's journey to domestication in the
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696:
658:
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458:
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366:
318:
251:
140:
82:
2536:
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2341:"Chapter 6. Olfacation in Wild Canids and Russian Canid Hybrids"
2055:"Living a dog's life: a putative gray wolf in a feral dog group"
1914:
1706:
1704:
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Between Dog and Wolf: Understanding the connection and confusion
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400:
340:
98:
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researchers is minimal, and more research has been called for.
40:
3166:
3096:
2631:
2502:
181:
in the northeastern third of the continent may also have both
90:
1974:
McBryde, Roy; Parsons, David R.; et al. (1997-07-23) .
1891:"The wolf-dog hybrid: An overview of a controversial animal"
2289:
MacCormick, Alex, ed. (2003), "The wolf inside every dog",
845:(1982); he was born in 1977 and died in June 1995, aged 18.
1937:
1935:
1081:
The First Domestication: How wolves and humans coâevolved
355:) for an appearance most appealing to owners desiring an
761:
than dogs of comparable size, with some officers in the
3065:
2343:. In Jezierski, T.; Ensminger, J.; Papet, L.E. (eds.).
1553:"The big black wolf is a legacy from dogs, study finds"
625:
In 2018, a study compared the sequences of 61,000
490:. It was officially recognized as a national breed in
1721:"United Kennel Club Breed Standard: Saarloosewolfdog"
533:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1376:(1 ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 23â38.
343:
are most often crossed with wolf-like dogs (such as
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3522:
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3335:
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3026:
3001:
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1372:. In Stépanoff, Charles; Vigne, Jean-Denis (eds.).
610:sequences have revealed that such mating are rare.
33:
1232:Hailer, Frank; Leonard, Jennifer A. (2008-10-08).
1976:"The courts were wrong: These wolves are hybrids"
1234:"Hybridization among three native North American
538:) was initially developed in the 1990s after the
1480:"New world wolves and coyotes owe debt to dogs"
1452:"Experts: Ancient Mexicans crossbred wolf-dogs"
335:North American gray wolf-domestic dog admixture
270:
145:Hybrids in eastern Poland in the Wildlife Park
1674:"The Keeping of Wolf-Hybrids in Great Britain"
963:Above Reproach: A guide for wolf hybrid owners
919:Mascot film serial starring Frankie Darro and
3081:
2552:
2265:Wolves in Russia: Anxiety throughout the ages
1368:Frantz, Laurent A.F.; Larson, Greger (2018).
527:
149:. To the left: Parents: female wolf and male
8:
1836:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1575:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
753:Observations on wild wolfdogs in the former
685:and elsewhere after a fatal dog attack by a
2415:"The Wolf Dunn's Wolfdog FAQ - Question #1"
1785:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
1084:. Yale University Press. pp. 225â237.
990:Wolfdogs A-Z: Behavior, training & more
617:, controversy arose when a captive pack at
3088:
3074:
3066:
2559:
2545:
2537:
2315:"Russian police employ wolves for service"
39:
30:
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2053:Popova, Elitsa; Zlatanova, Diana (2019).
2029:
1778:
1776:
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494:in 1982, and later was recognized by the
2096:. Wildlife / Countryside. Archived from
1889:Willems, Robert A. (Winter 1994â1995) .
1808:Iwanowitsch, Dmitrij, Prof. Dr. (1990).
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1508:. Retrieverman.wordpress.com. 2013-08-27
1473:
1471:
1297:Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (27 September 2010).
1238:species in a region of natural sympatry"
720:). Breeding experiments in Germany with
383:The first record of wolfdog breeding in
244:civilization art are being re-examined.
2347:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 63â64.
1899:United States Department of Agriculture
1783:Mech, L. David; Boitani, Luigi (2001).
1588:
1586:
1070:
701:Skeleton of a wolf-dog hybrid from the
669:, and the Wolf Specialist Group of the
482:. It was originally bred from lines of
153:; right: parents: female wolf and male
1829:
1568:
306:In 2008 it was discovered that a gene
2148:Humane Society of the U.S. (hsus.org)
496:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
449:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
830:White Fang 2: Myth of the White Wolf
703:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
2364:. DEFRA. 2013-01-23. Archived from
1944:"Claws reveal wolf survival threat"
1551:Maugh, Thomas H., II (2009-02-07).
655:Humane Society of the United States
615:Mexican Wolf Arizona Reintroduction
1339:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00070.x
1055:Wolves as pets and working animals
14:
2293:, Carroll & Graf Publishers,
1426:Journal of Archaeological Science
1399:Journal of Archaeological Science
952:Addams, Jessica; Miller, Andrew.
866:(2004), respectively. The actual
192:Recognized wolfdog breeds by the
3863:
3854:
3853:
2417:. Inetdesign.com. Archived from
2197:. The Lyons Press. p. 185.
1994:lines, as believed in late 1996.
1952:British Broadcasting Corporation
1182:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97425.x
1004:
870:was not a wolfdog but instead a
671:IUCN Species Survival Commission
371:"Mixed breed Dog and Wolf" from
256:Genetic research has shown that
2503:"Wolfdog Education: the Basics"
1078:Pierotti, R.; Fogg, B. (2017).
627:single-nucleotide polymorphisms
170:other subspecies of gray wolves
2440:"The Wolf is at the Door, Inc"
2313:Sudakov, Dmitry (2006-04-25).
2239:Perry, Tony (9 October 2009).
1981:(open letters). Archived from
1478:Derr, Mark (5 February 2009).
1299:"Mysteries That Howl and Hunt"
1:
2390:"The WolfDog Project Q-and-A"
2335:Hall, N.J.; Protopopova, A.;
2291:The Mammoth Book of Maneaters
2392:. 2009-10-27. Archived from
2219:"National Wolf Dog Alliance"
1438:10.1016/0305-4403(86)90003-8
1411:10.1016/0305-4403(82)90047-4
1265:10.1371/journal.pone.0003333
1134:10.1371/journal.pone.0086409
880:is the titular character of
280:The Wolves of Mount McKinley
3716:List of longest-living dogs
1942:Rincon, Paul (2004-04-08).
1527:"Black Wolf Mystery Solved"
763:South African Defence Force
534:
455:The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
3928:
3689:Origin of the domestic dog
3587:Breed-specific legislation
3428:Psychiatric assistance dog
2515:"Wolfdog Rescue Resources"
2359:"RSPCA report on wolfdogs"
2144:"Wolf and wolf-dog hybrid"
2072:10.1515/mammalia-2019-0010
1855:(in French). p. 319.
863:Balto III: Wings of Change
785:vaccine on a wolfdog. The
651:breed-specific legislation
645:Breed-specific legislation
168:between domestic dogs and
21:Wolfhound (disambiguation)
18:
3849:
3053:Grizzlyâpolar bear hybrid
3048:Grizzlyâblack bear hybrid
2574:
2193:Bruch, Robert H. (2007).
2010:Evolutionary Applications
1204:"Great Lakes-boreal wolf"
836:The Journey of Natty Gann
528:
523:
61:
38:
2519:www.renokeo.com/wrr.html
2495:texx-wolf-tails.webs.com
1851:Rousseau, Ălise (2006).
797:Temperament and behavior
729:with either coyotes and
540:fall of the Soviet Union
504:Foundation Stock Service
19:Not to be confused with
3831:List of individual dogs
3826:Domesticated silver fox
3418:Mobility assistance dog
576:livestock guardian dogs
559:Livestock guardian dogs
472:Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
465:Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
258:wolves with black pelts
215:has been used to study
213:Whole genome sequencing
198:Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
53:hybrid from Lobo Park,
3836:List of fictional dogs
3150:Livestock guardian dog
2913:Congolese spotted lion
1593:Sloan, Monty (2000) .
970:Prendergast, Dorothy.
961:Prendergast, Dorothy.
931:(1958), also known as
915:(1933) is an American
888:, first serialized in
705:
553:East European Shepherd
488:Carpathian grey wolves
467:
420:
380:
304:
278:Murie, Adolph (1944).
261:
248:New World black wolves
158:
3504:Search and rescue dog
3013:Polecatâferret hybrid
2442:. Wolf-to-wolfdog.org
2262:Graves, Will (2007).
2221:. Wolfdogalliance.org
2175:. Wolfdogalliance.org
2154:on September 30, 2007
1759:10.1093/jhered/esu014
901:Northwest Territories
700:
663:Ottawa Humane Society
462:
418:
370:
255:
144:
3559:Dogâcat relationship
3406:Medical response dog
2507:kyrawolfdog.webs.com
2491:"Wolf-dog Education"
2103:on 15 December 2006.
1169:Conservation Biology
981:Living with Wolfdogs
857:Balto II: Wolf Quest
613:In 1997, during the
582:Wolfdogs in the wild
500:American Kennel Club
484:German Shepherd Dogs
411:The Saarloos Wolfdog
345:German Shepherd Dogs
310:responsible for the
236:Teotihuacan wolfdogs
227:Prehistoric wolfdogs
3350:List of crossbreeds
3113:African village dog
3018:Polecatâmink hybrid
2396:on October 27, 2009
2317:. English.pravda.ru
1256:2008PLoSO...3.3333H
1125:2014PLoSO...986409R
716:(commonly known as
549:Caspian Steppe Wolf
363:Documented breeding
187:Ethiopian Highlands
155:West Siberian Laika
2818:Lord Morton's mare
1897:. Beltsville, MD:
1853:Anthologie du Loup
1485:The New York Times
1304:The New York Times
905:Klondike Gold Rush
813:In popular culture
706:
508:United Kennel Club
470:In the 1950s, the
468:
435:dog with a female
421:
419:A Saarloos Wolfdog
381:
262:
159:
3877:
3876:
3757:Rabies in animals
3684:Humanâcanine bond
3262:Bull-type terrier
3063:
3062:
2725:Jackalâdog hybrid
2637:Sheepâgoat hybrid
2462:Wolfdogs Magazine
2300:978-0-7867-1170-3
2275:978-1-55059-332-7
2249:Los Angeles Times
2204:978-1-59921-069-8
2022:10.1111/eva.12595
1988:on June 17, 2009.
1862:978-2-603-01335-9
1794:978-0-226-51696-7
1557:Los Angeles Times
1091:978-0-300-22616-4
1050:Jackalâdog hybrid
939:Wolfdogs Magazine
933:A Boy and His Dog
903:during the 1890s
679:U.S. Marine Corps
600:Beast of GĂ©vaudan
588:free-ranging dogs
445:Dutch Kennel Club
429:Leendert Saarloos
353:Alaskan Malamutes
299:978-0-295-96203-0
75:
74:
3917:
3910:Wolf-dog hybrids
3867:
3857:
3856:
3634:Dogs in religion
3497:usage by country
3118:Free-ranging dog
3090:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3043:ABC Islands bear
2973:Macropod hybrids
2950:Hybrid orangutan
2710:Dingoâdog hybrid
2561:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2521:. Archived from
2510:
2498:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2465:. Archived from
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2195:The Wolf Almanac
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2150:. Archived from
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2121:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1917:. Archived from
1901:. pp. 3â7.
1886:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1683:. Archived from
1678:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1595:"Identification"
1590:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1210:. Archived from
1200:
1194:
1193:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1040:Dingo-dog hybrid
1014:
1009:
1008:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
710:mixed-breed dogs
636:In 2019, in the
537:
531:
530:
525:
441:Saarloos wolfdog
397:Alaskan Malamute
349:Siberian Huskies
302:
293:
221:Saarloos Wolfdog
202:Saarloos Wolfdog
95:Canis familiaris
85:produced by the
70:
64:
51:Alaskan Malamute
43:
31:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3845:
3814:
3781:
3698:
3569:
3563:
3518:
3374:
3355:Mixed-breed dog
3331:
3099:
3094:
3064:
3059:
3022:
2997:
2977:
2959:
2926:
2893:Panthera hybrid
2834:
2787:
2783:Elephant hybrid
2769:
2755:Clymene dolphin
2741:
2681:
2653:
2598:
2597:
2570:
2565:
2528:
2526:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2119:Ottawahumane.ca
2115:"Ottawa Humane"
2113:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1956:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1895:AWIC Newsletter
1888:
1887:
1870:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1828:
1824:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1787:. p. 448.
1782:
1781:
1774:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1660:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1010:
1003:
1000:
988:Wilde, Nicole.
987:
979:Wilde, Nicole.
978:
972:The Wolf Hybrid
969:
960:
951:
948:
946:Further reading
897:Yukon Territory
815:
799:
775:
695:
647:
604:genetic testing
584:
561:
516:
457:
433:German Shepherd
431:crossed a male
413:
365:
337:
315:beta-defensin 3
303:
290:
277:
276:
250:
238:
229:
210:
179:coywolf hybrids
139:
129:) to produce a
66:
62:
57:
29:
24:
17:
16:Dog-wolf hybrid
12:
11:
5:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Crate training
3797:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3772:Skin disorders
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Animal testing
3573:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3386:Assistance dog
3382:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3365:Extinct breeds
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:List of breeds
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3034:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Eastern coyote
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:American Breed
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:Mammal hybrids
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2511:
2499:
2485:
2484:External links
2482:
2480:
2479:
2452:
2431:
2406:
2381:
2350:
2327:
2305:
2299:
2281:
2274:
2254:
2231:
2210:
2203:
2185:
2164:
2135:
2106:
2078:
2065:(2): 115â120.
2045:
2016:(5): 662â680.
1996:
1966:
1950:. London, UK:
1931:
1868:
1861:
1843:
1822:
1800:
1793:
1772:
1753:(3): 345â353.
1737:
1712:
1700:
1658:
1615:
1582:
1543:
1518:
1497:
1467:
1443:
1432:(2): 119â145.
1416:
1405:(2): 125â172.
1389:
1382:
1360:
1316:
1289:
1224:
1208:Wolf.nrdpfc.ca
1195:
1158:
1097:
1090:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1015:
999:
996:
995:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
947:
944:
943:
942:
936:
924:
908:
875:
872:Siberian Husky
846:
814:
811:
798:
795:
774:
771:
694:
691:
683:Camp Pendleton
646:
643:
583:
580:
560:
557:
518:The Volkosob (
515:
512:
492:Czechoslovakia
480:Czech Republic
456:
453:
412:
409:
377:William Ogilby
364:
361:
336:
333:
288:
274:
249:
246:
237:
234:
228:
225:
209:
206:
138:
135:
127:Canis simensis
123:Ethiopian wolf
89:of a domestic
73:
72:
59:
58:
44:
36:
35:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3923:
3922:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Canid hybrids
3888:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3842:
3841:Lists of dogs
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3810:Socialization
3808:
3806:
3805:Housebreaking
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Rage syndrome
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Dogs in space
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Body language
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:Communication
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Detection dog
3460:
3458:
3457:Companion dog
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
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3416:
3412:
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3408:
3407:
3404:
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3328:
3325:
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3299:
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3279:
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3259:
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3249:
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3237:
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3200:
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2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Serengeti cat
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
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2594:
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2578:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2525:on 2007-01-02
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2469:on 2013-07-21
2468:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2421:on 2012-08-19
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2371:on 2006-12-15
2367:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:Wynne, C.D.L.
2331:
2328:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2271:
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2255:
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2235:
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2220:
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2206:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2125:on 2013-12-16
2124:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1921:on 2014-12-21
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1825:
1823:3-7403-0155-4
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1690:on 2008-12-06
1686:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:(3): 247â57.
1630:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1605:on 2007-03-03
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1532:
1528:
1522:
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1507:
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1468:
1457:
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1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1383:9781351717984
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:(4): 301â12.
1332:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:(10): e3333.
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1214:on 2020-02-22
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:(1): e86409.
1118:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1098:
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1083:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1061:
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1053:
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1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
964:
959:
955:
950:
949:
945:
940:
937:
934:
930:
929:
925:
922:
918:
914:
913:
909:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
887:
884:'s eponymous
883:
879:
876:
873:
869:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
852:
847:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
825:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:
807:
803:
796:
794:
792:
791:off-label use
788:
784:
780:
772:
770:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
699:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
642:
639:
634:
632:
628:
623:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
566:
565:mitochondrial
558:
556:
554:
550:
545:
544:border guards
541:
536:
521:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
461:
454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:European wolf
434:
430:
426:
417:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
386:
385:Great Britain
378:
374:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
300:
296:
291:
289:0-295-96203-8
285:
281:
273:
269:
267:
259:
254:
247:
245:
243:
235:
233:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
174:
171:
167:
163:
156:
152:
151:GoĆczy Polski
148:
143:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
69:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3905:Dog breeding
3767:Reproduction
3737:Conformation
3679:Fear of dogs
3629:Dog grooming
3622:2007 recalls
3607:Dog fighting
3554:Intelligence
3467:Fighting dog
3447:Carriage dog
3370:Most popular
3327:Turnspit dog
3135:Hairless dog
3038:Ursid hybrid
3027:
3002:
2993:Iron Age pig
2982:
2965:Macropodinae
2883:Savannah cat
2848:Felid hybrid
2803:Equid hybrid
2792:
2775:Elephantidae
2734:
2695:Canid hybrid
2612:Bovid hybrid
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2518:
2506:
2494:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:the original
2461:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2434:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:the original
2384:
2373:. Retrieved
2366:the original
2353:
2344:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2308:
2290:
2284:
2264:
2257:
2244:
2234:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2194:
2188:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:the original
2147:
2138:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2118:
2109:
2098:the original
2094:defra.gov.uk
2093:
2081:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1992:Mexican Wolf
1983:the original
1969:
1961:
1955:. Retrieved
1947:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:the original
1894:
1852:
1846:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1784:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1727:. 2006-07-01
1724:
1715:
1692:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1628:
1624:
1618:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1598:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1546:
1535:. Retrieved
1533:. 2009-02-06
1531:Redorbit.com
1530:
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1500:
1489:. Retrieved
1483:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1373:
1363:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1302:
1292:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1207:
1198:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1116:
1110:
1100:
1080:
1073:
1025:Canid hybrid
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
938:
932:
926:
912:The Wolf Dog
910:
890:
861:
855:
849:
841:
839:(1985), and
834:
828:
823:
808:
804:
800:
776:
767:
759:canine teeth
755:Soviet Union
752:
735:
718:hybrid vigor
717:
707:
689:on a child.
675:
648:
635:
624:
612:
595:
592:
585:
562:
517:
469:
422:
394:
382:
372:
338:
305:
279:
271:
266:Adolph Murie
263:
239:
230:
211:
191:
175:
164:
160:
126:
118:
111:Canis lycaon
110:
107:eastern wolf
102:
94:
78:
76:
68:domestic dog
25:
3777:Vaccination
3674:Dog walking
3644:Dog licence
3617:dog biscuit
3602:Dog daycare
3592:Cynanthropy
3570:interaction
3423:Therapy dog
3411:Seizure dog
3401:Hearing dog
3162:Hunting dog
3140:Herding dog
2940:Denisova 11
2730:Sulimov dog
1725:Ukcdogs.com
1176:: 195â198.
1012:Dogs portal
921:Rin Tin Tin
882:Jack London
860:(2002) and
693:Description
401:timber wolf
341:gray wolves
242:Teotihuacan
119:Canis rufus
103:Canis lupus
47:Arctic wolf
3884:Categories
3669:Dog sports
3492:Police dog
3437:Attack dog
3391:Autism dog
3360:Crossbreed
3243:Sighthound
3221:Scenthound
3128:Street dog
2955:Koolakamba
2873:Kellas cat
2853:Bengal cat
2627:Dwarf Lulu
2529:2007-01-13
2473:2009-08-23
2446:2014-03-04
2425:2013-12-16
2400:2013-12-16
2375:2013-12-16
2321:2013-12-16
2225:2013-12-16
2179:2013-12-16
2158:2021-09-10
2129:2013-12-16
2087:"Wolfdogs"
1957:2007-05-11
1948:BBC online
1925:2021-09-10
1731:2018-07-02
1694:2008-06-11
1609:2021-09-10
1562:2013-12-16
1537:2013-12-16
1512:2013-12-16
1491:2014-03-04
1461:2018-07-02
1456:Boston.com
1327:Mol. Ecol.
1310:2016-04-06
1218:2016-04-06
1066:References
1020:Black wolf
886:1906 novel
878:White Fang
824:White Fang
667:Dogs Trust
568:haplotypes
542:. Russian
526:, plural:
389:Pomeranian
357:exotic pet
147:KadzidĆowo
3895:Dog types
3664:Dog theft
3568:Humanâdog
3487:Mercy dog
3472:Guard dog
3452:Catch dog
3396:Guide dog
3272:Schnauzer
3231:Coonhound
3209:Water dog
3194:Retriever
3155:Sheep dog
2932:Hominidae
2659:Camelidae
1907:1050-561X
1832:cite book
1625:BioEssays
1599:Wolf Park
842:The Thing
779:heterosis
714:heterosis
631:mutations
535:Volkosoby
529:ĐĐŸĐ»ĐșĐŸŃĐŸĐ±Ń
423:In 1932,
322:Apennines
217:gene flow
166:Admixture
137:Admixture
99:gray wolf
97:) with a
55:Antequera
28:Dog breed
3859:Category
3787:Training
3747:Dog food
3742:Diseases
3727:Breeding
3659:Dog show
3654:Dog park
3649:Dog meat
3612:Dog food
3597:Dog bite
3524:Behavior
3509:Sled dog
3482:Meat dog
3267:Pinscher
3236:Foxhound
2945:Humanzee
2878:Pumapard
2760:Wholphin
2593:Mammalia
2587:Chordata
2581:Animalia
2579:Kingdom
2339:(2016).
2245:L.A. Now
2059:Mammalia
2040:29875809
1915:90002352
1814:The Wolf
1810:Der Wolf
1767:24622972
1747:Heredity
1645:10333734
1571:cite web
1355:25976335
1284:18841199
1243:PLoS One
1190:85011290
1153:24466077
1112:PLOS ONE
998:See also
928:Wolf Dog
917:Pre-Code
899:and the
893:magazine
854:(1995),
833:(1994),
827:(1991),
747:dewclaws
740:and the
687:pit bull
681:base at
619:Carlsbad
524:ĐĐŸĐ»ĐșĐŸŃĐŸĐ±
514:Volkosob
506:and the
478:and the
476:Slovakia
427:breeder
308:mutation
275:â
200:and the
196:are the
115:red wolf
3900:Dog law
3819:Related
3795:Clicker
3722:Anatomy
3694:Therapy
3582:Baiting
3547:Howling
3537:Barking
3514:War dog
3477:Lap dog
3442:Bay dog
3315:Toy dog
3286:Bulldog
3281:Mastiff
3257:Terrier
3248:Longdog
3204:Spaniel
3189:Pointer
3184:Gun dog
3177:Lurcher
3123:Pye-dog
3004:Mustela
2903:Liliger
2868:Chausie
2863:Caraval
2840:Felidae
2828:Zebroid
2765:Narluga
2747:Cetacea
2735:Wolfdog
2705:Coywolf
2687:Canidae
2677:Huarizo
2622:Beefalo
2604:Bovidae
2585:Phylum
2031:5978975
1653:5547543
1347:7921357
1275:2556088
1252:Bibcode
1144:3899229
1121:Bibcode
1060:Calupoh
1035:Coywolf
731:jackals
727:poodles
722:poodles
638:Osogovo
596:lycisca
594:termed
572:Georgia
520:Russian
451:(FCI).
405:Poodles
329:genomes
319:Italian
312:protein
208:History
183:coydogs
79:wolfdog
34:Wolfdog
3869:Portal
3704:Health
3337:Breeds
3320:Bichon
3226:Basset
3199:Setter
3145:Collie
2908:Marozi
2715:Dogxim
2700:Coydog
2647:Ć»ubroĆ
2642:Yakalo
2591:Class
2297:
2272:
2201:
2038:
2028:
1913:
1905:
1859:
1820:
1791:
1765:
1651:
1643:
1380:
1353:
1345:
1282:
1272:
1188:
1151:
1141:
1088:
1045:Dogxim
1030:Coydog
891:Outing
783:rabies
773:Health
665:, the
657:, the
498:, the
399:and a
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