323:, who was given the contract to construct a road, large enough for the passage of wagon-laden horses, that stretched from the shores of Lake Superior to the navigable waters of the interior. Dawson was tasked with having the road passable by May 1, when the expedition was due to arrive at that stage of the journey. However, due to unfavourable weather in the form of rain, and a series of forest fires prior to the rainfall, the road was not completed on time. Wolseley ordered a work party consisting of soldiers to aid in the road construction. After working from May 25 until mid-way through July, Wolseley cut a path from the road to the Winnipeg River. The only other upset to the plans was the turnabout of Lake of the Woods set before the mouth of the Winnipeg River. Wolseley and his flotilla were lost for several days before finally finding their portage. Wolseley sent Indian paddlers back to the other flotillas to assist in their journey across the lake. The difficulties were overcome, and the force arrived at Winnipeg in August.
274:, who had been dispatched to assume control over the settlement. The first major clash of the Red River Rebellion came when government land surveyors arrived at the Red River Settlement on October 11, 1869. A group of MĂ©tis soldiers obstructed the surveyor's work and forced them from the settlement. Following this clash, Riel prevented McDougall from entering Rupert's Land, took over Upper Fort Garry and established a provisional government. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald proposed in 1869 that a force of police officer troops be sent to Manitoba to control the MĂ©tis in the area. He wished to model this police force after the
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283:, a loyal supporter of the Canadian government. There are various reasons given for his execution, including considering it an attempt to compel the Canadians into real negotiations, to Riel's disliking Thomas Scott. The true reason for the execution of Scott remains uncertain, but Peter McArthur's firsthand account of the events suggests that Scott was considerably outspoken regarding his opinion of the MĂ©tis and needs of prisoners, which may have angered Riel.
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government's control as of August 24 with a ceremonial raising of the Union Jack. Louis Riel and his followers abandoned Fort Garry resulting in a bloodless victory for
Wolseley. The lack of resistance to the Wolseley expedition has been attributed to both the remoteness of the location and the federal government's efforts to avoid provoking the local inhabitants into further rebellion.
511:: a battalion from Quebec. Reports from the time state that there was very little interest among the people of Quebec for the expedition. Upon the first wave of recruits, only 88 out 350 soldiers in the battalion were French speaking. The remaining were to be filled by English speakers. This battalion was overseen by Lieutenant-Colonel Casault along with his staff of 28 officers.
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395:. On August 3, the first brigades of canoes started their journey towards Fort Garry, leaving from the shores of Shebandowan. The brigades followed the original HBC trapping line until they reached Kashabowie Lake, when they began to follow a new route which Dawson had found and constructed. Travelling further westwards, they passed through
505:: a battalion of volunteer soldiers from Ontario. The militia of Ontario is reported to have been keen on marching on the Red River Colony due to the death of Thomas Scott who hailed from the province. Lieutenant-Colonel Jarvis oversaw this force of 28 officers and 350 soldiers, all of which were volunteers.
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and best equipped to handle rapid moving water. Along with the use of boat to transport men and equipment, 150 horses and 100 teamsters; men who handle horses and wagons were hired. These men were primarily meant to transport material and men from
Thunder Bay to Shebandowen Lake along the Dawson Road.
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Transportation personnel: The expedition relied on the company of voyageurs and teamsters to provide their transportation. Over 400 Aboriginal voyageurs were hired to handle the canoes. Reports from the expedition comment on the 100 Iroquois voyageurs from the
Montreal area as being the most reliable
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Wolseley was able to maintain strict military discipline among the British regulars under his command, the militiamen wanted to avenge the execution of Thomas Scott. Moreover, the British soldiers promptly returned to Ontario, leaving the militia to garrison the community. Militia harassment of
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with not only riflemen but also a mounted force. However, this motion was not acted upon, and was later reorganized into the military expedition under Garnet
Wolseley. In January and February 1870 Riel led a series of failed negotiations with the federal government and the HBC. On March 4, 1870, Riel
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in an attempt to interdict Riel. Previously, British and
Canadian officials such as McDougall had been permitted to enter the western territories of British North America via the United States. However, the U.S. government steadfastly refused to grant permission for British or Canadian troops to
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Wolseley formed up his troops and immediately began his advance on Upper Fort Garry. According to first-hand accounts of the troops marching on the fort, the southern gate stood thrown open, and the fort was abandoned. Fort Garry was officially reported as being taken back into the
Canadian
468:: a battalion from the British Army, overseen by Colonel R.J. Feilden. Colonel Feilden was second in command of the entire expedition and oversaw 26 officers and 350 men. These forces were known as the 'Regulars' and were provided by the British Army.
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The expedition is considered by military historians to have been among the most arduous in history. Over 1000 men had to transport all their provisions and weaponry, including cannon, over hundreds of miles of wilderness. At numerous portages,
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of all soldiers and materials of wars prior to permitting it to pass. Wolseley then arranged the 4.8 km (3 mi) portage of the soldiers and materials upriver on the
Canadian side of the river to be loaded back onto the awaiting
482:: also accompanied the expedition. These 19 engineers were overseen by Lieutenant Frederick W. Heneage. This detachment was mainly concerned with the building of the Dawson Road in preparation for the main expeditionary force.
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The expedition's inability to sail through the Soo Locks on the
Michigan (US) side of the river led to a federal government effort to build a water passageway on the Ontario side. This resulted in construction of the
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Wolseley Expedition, there had been a series of rebellions led by Louis Riel. The MĂ©tis led by Riel at Red River were dissatisfied with the Canadian government's deal with the
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was stopped. American border agents stopped the steamers due to the movement of soldiers and the materials of war, which were viewed as a threat. The U.S. authorities forced Wolseley to unload the
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907:. Ottawa: The House of Commons: Reprint, with remarks on certain strictures published in England by an officer of the expeditionary force. Printed by the Times Printing & Publishing Co.
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had to be constructed. As these jobs were being done the troops had to endure life in the bush for over two months, in summer heat and the inevitable plagues of blackflies and mosquitoes.
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475:: overseen by Lieutenant Alleyne was also a part of the expedition. The detachment included 19 soldiers with a battery of four 7-pounder brass mountain guns.
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An eyewitness account of the expedition's arrival at Upper Fort Garry provided by a member of the expedition, William Perrin, appeared in the
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Following the successful completion of the expedition, Wolseley penned a tribute to his men in recognition of their extraordinary efforts.
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where men and materiel had to be transported on the Canadian side of the river. The two steamers hired by the Canadian government were the
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on August 24. This extinguished Riel's provisional government and eradicated the threat of the American expansion into western Canada.
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cross U.S. soil. It was widely thought to be impossible to move a military force into Western Canada via an all-Canadian route, the
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Plan of Route Followed by Red River Expeditionary Force From Lake Superior to Fort Garry During the Summer of 1870 (1871)
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with his flotilla and sent Iroquois guides back to help the remaining brigades cross the river. They proceeded down the
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The street adjacent to the site of Wolseley's landing in the City of Thunder Bay is named Wolseley Street.
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in August 1900 on the 30th anniversary of the arrival. Perrin was a regular British soldier of the
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on May 25, in honour of Queen Victoria's third son. From there the troops carried small boats to
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having been mapped out only three years earlier and the railway still many years away.
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in May, the expedition arrived, after a three-month journey in arduous conditions, at
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MĂ©tis exacerbated already intense feelings, and at least one death resulted.
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For the 1864 Union expedition under Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks, see
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Imperial and Canadian military forces in the Red River Rebellion
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The Birth of Western Canada: A History of the Riel Rebellions
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No immediate casualties; at least one later killed by militia
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A Chronology of Events in the Life of Louis Riel 1844 - 1885
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commemorating the Wolseley Expedition's portage around the
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was a military force authorized by Canadian Prime Minister
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The Dawson Road is so named after its original architect,
403:; however, he lost his way. On August 15 he finally made
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Toil & Trouble: Military Expeditions to Red River
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A Memoir of Lieutenant-General Sir Garnet J. Wolseley
1108:. Dundurn Press and the National Museums of Canada.
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245:sentiments in northern border states. Leaving
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550:The Red River Expedition of 1870 was named a
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904:Report on the Red River expedition of 1870
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973:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.
994:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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915:The Canadian Prairies: A History
299:Under the leadership of Colonel
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34:1870 Canadian military operation
1015:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
918:. University of Toronto Press.
1102:Stanley, George F. G. (1989).
988:Stanley, George F. G. (1960).
574:Beal, Bob (February 7, 2006).
411:and across the south basin of
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901:Dawson, Simon James (1871).
342:The expedition travelled to
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1429:Canada and the Iraq War
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967:Reid, Jennifer (2008).
552:National Historic Event
389:Prince Arthur's Landing
387:, which Wolseley named
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954:Low, Charles Rathbone
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419:finally arriving at
264:Hudson's Bay Company
225:in 1870, during the
107:Government victory;
64:Frances Anne Hopkins
60:Red River Expedition
1555:Red River Rebellion
1525:Conflicts in Canada
1343:Red River Rebellion
1087:. USA: Bloomsbury.
1045:. USA: Bloomsbury.
509:2nd (Quebec) Rifles
493:Army Hospital Corps
433:Manitoba Free Press
233:in what is now the
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114:Louis Riel escapes
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1363:Russian Civil War
1298:King George's War
1115:978-1-55002-059-5
1094:978-1-85532-226-4
1073:978-1-85285-188-0
1066:. A&C Black.
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1001:978-0-8020-6931-3
980:978-0-8263-4415-1
925:978-0-8020-6648-0
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906:
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899:
898:
882:
878:
871:
868:
865:, p. 16.
864:
859:
856:
853:, p. 13.
852:
847:
844:
841:, p. 14.
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
824:Grebstad 2013
820:
817:
814:, p. 12.
813:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
794:
791:, p. 19.
790:
789:Torrance 1988
785:
782:
779:, p. 69.
778:
773:
770:
767:, p. 67.
766:
761:
758:
755:, p. 52.
754:
749:
746:
743:, p. 36.
742:
737:
734:
731:, p. 35.
730:
725:
722:
719:, p. 20.
718:
713:
710:
707:, p. 11.
706:
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695:, p. 10.
694:
689:
686:
682:
677:
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670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
650:
647:
644:, p. 11.
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
617:, p. 10.
616:
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581:
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413:Lake Winnipeg
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381:Lake Superior
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328:
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317:
315:
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309:New Fort York
306:
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277:
273:
269:
268:Rupert's Land
265:
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19:
1489:
1477:
1455:Peacekeeping
1445:Bibliography
1338:Fenian raids
1328:Pemmican War
1293:Dummer's War
1247:Peacekeeping
1215:Conscription
1104:
1083:
1062:
1041:
1011:
990:
969:
958:
945:
941:
914:
903:
884:. Retrieved
880:
870:
858:
846:
819:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
669:Stanley 1960
654:Stanley 1960
649:
637:
630:Friesen 1987
602:, p. 9.
595:
583:. Retrieved
579:
569:
556:
549:
545:Parks Canada
533:
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459:
450:
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431:
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397:Fort Frances
376:
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367:
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359:
355:
344:Georgian Bay
341:
318:
298:
281:Thomas Scott
260:
217:to confront
210:
208:
125:Belligerents
103:
90:(modern-day
59:
1323:War of 1812
1263:Beaver Wars
1237:Nova Scotia
948:(3): 57–66.
681:Dawson 1871
543:managed by
405:Rat Portage
385:Thunder Bay
314:Dawson Road
1514:Categories
1450:Operations
1378:Korean War
1225:New France
561:References
421:Fort Garry
348:Lake Huron
257:Background
251:Fort Garry
219:Louis Riel
189:Louis Riel
88:Fort Garry
1256:Conflicts
1186:Air Force
642:Reid 2008
615:Reid 2008
600:Reid 2008
417:Red River
330:Cairn in
279:executed
229:, at the
105:Bloodless
1484:Category
1407:See also
1383:Gulf War
1373:Cold War
1353:Boer War
956:(1878).
886:April 8,
863:Low 1878
851:Low 1878
839:Low 1878
812:Low 1878
777:Low 1878
765:Low 1878
753:Low 1878
741:Low 1878
729:Low 1878
717:Low 1878
705:Low 1878
693:Low 1878
585:April 8,
368:Chichora
358:and the
239:Manitoba
235:province
221:and the
92:Winnipeg
83:Location
45:Part of
1242:Mi'kmaq
415:to the
372:Chicora
360:Chicora
350:to the
305:Toronto
287:History
247:Toronto
1230:Acadia
1112:
1091:
1070:
1049:
1019:
998:
977:
922:
527:Legacy
377:Algoma
364:Algoma
356:Algoma
153:
142:Canada
139:
100:Result
66:, 1877
1438:Lists
938:(PDF)
223:MĂ©tis
172:MĂ©tis
1210:Navy
1191:Army
1110:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1047:ISBN
1017:ISBN
996:ISBN
975:ISBN
920:ISBN
888:2019
587:2019
519:The
209:The
200:None
78:1870
75:Date
307:'s
237:of
1516::
946:13
944:.
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831:^
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661:^
622:^
607:^
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547:.
440:.
1164:e
1157:t
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683:.
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338:.
31:.
20:)
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