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27:
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As a result, Polish submarines deployed along Polish coast, in proximity to their own naval base, were deprived of chances to find targets – while they were exposed there to operations of German air and light naval antisubmarine units. Therefore, although no Polish submarine was sunk in this stage of
766:
The operation came to naught, as the
Germans did not have any plans for naval landings. It caused the submarines to operate in a confined area near the shore in shallow waters, making them vulnerable to strong enemy anti-submarine forces. As a result, despite making a number of attempts, the
1208:
The
Germans had no intention to carry out the landings which the Worek Plan was designed to oppose. However, an operational plan failed mainly due to its pure defensive nature, as an opposite to the aggressive nature of submarines, by their characteristics not intended and prepared to fulfill
1209:
defensive roles. According to contemporary research, Polish submarine campaign in
September 1939 failed due to misunderstanding of the nature of modern submarine warfare in high command of Polish Navy, particularly by Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Naval Command
716:
777:. No Polish submarines were lost to enemy action, but they suffered progressive wear and tear, and technical problems, forcing the submarine commanders to break off their actions, effectively ending the operation by the middle of September 1939.
830:. They were to conserve their limited munitions for "significant military targets" (destroyer or larger) shelling the Polish coast or attempting to land forces on it and interdict naval traffic between the German mainland and
857:
In the event that all Polish naval bases were overrun, the submarines were to operate in the Baltic before evacuating to
Britain. If that wasn't possible, the plan called for them to seek internment in a neutral port.
335:
1059:, but the ship made an unexpected course change and the submarine wasn't able to proceed. Later that day, the Polish Naval Command issued an order to all of the submarines to seek British waters.
947:
on the morning 1 September 1939. Several hours after hostilities started, the submarines received communications by radio to open the envelopes containing orders to implement the Worek Plan.
1024:, knocking out all lights and sending it crashing into the sea bed. The submarine escaped that night under the cover of darkness. Faced with an oil leak, Kłoczkowski chose to seek refuge in
1040:, but was forced to abort in the face of an attack by German vessels. After this, its captain, Lieutenant Commander Krawczyk decided to withdraw northward. On 7 September the
951:
loaded 10 torpedoes, 22 mines, and 114 100mm shells (for the deck gun) before departure. Due to heavy air activity, the submarines had to approach their positions submerged.
328:
1471:
Dywizjon okrętów podwodnych
Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej w kampanii wrześniowej. Ocena operacyjno-taktycznego użycia. „Studia z Dziejów Polskiej Historiografii Wojskowej
321:
1518:
1424:
461:
1528:
1004:
s captain, Lieutenant
Commander Henryk Kłoczkowski, deemed it impossible to continue with the operation in his sector, and decided to withdraw into the
759:
from carrying out landings on the Polish coast, and to attack enemy ships bombarding Polish coastal fortifications, in particular the base on the
981:
815:(Lynx) to use in the event that superior enemy surface forces took control of the Baltic Sea (the Polish surface navy consisted only of four
1156:, the crew reassumed control of their vessel and escaped into the Baltic. After several fruitless weeks at sea, the submarine reached the
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1227:(Thunderstorm), that assumed independent search of targets, with free maneuvering and attacking of enemy ships and transports between
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1312:
110:
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from 400 yards out. The torpedo missed and the destroyer dropped depth charges, severely damaging the submarine. The next day the
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on the night of 14 September for rest and repairs (international law allowed 24 hours before the ship was to be
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419:
672:
513:
1216:, who refused to accept any of a few offensive operational plans prepared by the Chief of Submarine Squadron
575:
1513:
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didn't receive the order to abort the operation until 13 September. With the submarine heavily damaged, and
767:
submarines were unable to directly sink any enemy ships during the operation, although a mine placed by the
548:
429:
77:
1180:, damaged and unable to engage German units, eventually was interned in a Swedish port from 18 September.
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944:
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59:
1150:). Under German pressure the Estonians interned the submarine and its crew. In an event known as the
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1376:. Stackpole military history series (illustrated, reprint ed.). Stackpole Books. p. 54.
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1243:. In consideration and planning was also a plan of actions on the sea routes between harbors of
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was low on provisions and the crew interned the submarine in a
Swedish port on 25 September.
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984:, but was forced to withdraw after being attacked by supporting vessels. Later that day
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in the middle. They had separate areas for recharging batteries during the night:
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1223:. One of them, the best known today, was an offensive operational plan codenamed
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26:
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even deeper within Danzig Bay, and the other ships north of their positions.
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850:. The plan explicitly stated that the submarines were to act according to
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1147:
1088:
822:
The submarines were to operate near the Polish coast, in the area of the
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war, the operation had no discernible impact on the
September campaign.
1143:
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1025:
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140:
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281:
232:
202:
854:, and single, unarmed ships had to be warned before being attacked.
880:. The remaining three submarines were to operate north of the Bay:
1130:
714:
1063:
surfaced off the
Swedish coast. Three days later it spotted the
1485:
The Eagle
Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War
1160:
on 14 October and continued fighting under Royal Navy command.
317:
20:
1108:, also damaged, interned itself in Sweden on 18 September.
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was to take the position furthest inside Danzig Bay, from
147:
Legend: | - battery charging site || - sector of operation
1008:. The submarine was attacked by the German minesweepers
943:, after a distress call was received from the garrison
969:. By the evening of the same day the last submarine (
785:
The plan was created for the five Polish submarines
1403:(illustrated ed.). Pen and Sword. p. 29.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1373:Poland Betrayed: The Nazi-Soviet Invasions of 1939
1194:on 20 September. The submarine survived the war.
819:, some minelayers, minesweepers, and gunboats).
719:Worek Plan operational area on the map of Poland
1174:on 17 September and was from then on interned.
145:Polish submarines sectors as in the Worek Plan.
125:
1473:. 13, 2012. WIH UAM w Poznaniu. ISSN 1234-2041
1000:, but it exploded prematurely. On 4 September
1425:"Defence of the Baltic – 1-25 September 1939"
876:, in the entry to the Bay, was the place for
329:
8:
939:The Worek Plan was put into action with the
1083:, the German ships didn't take any action.
1104:to return to, the crew headed for Sweden.
336:
322:
314:
122:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1487:. Harvard University Press. p. 86.
1342:
1284:
982:German destroyer Z15 Erich Steinbrinck
16:Polish naval operation in World War II
1483:Kochanski, Halik (13 November 2012).
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
7:
1519:Military operations involving Poland
1044:made a failed torpedo attack on the
755:formed a screen in order to prevent
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1065:German destroyer Z4 Richard Beitzen
1123:M-85 with a loss of all 24 hands.
990:German destroyer Z14 Friedrich Ihn
14:
1529:Submarine warfare in World War II
988:launched a single torpedo at the
243:
231:
210:
195:
139:
25:
1112:followed suit on 25 September.
1079:to be a Swedish submarine on a
903:At the beginning of September,
36:needs additional citations for
1115:On 1 October one of the mines
1087:proceeded to withdraw through
1036:attempted to lay mines off of
976:On the morning of 2 September
1:
1370:Williamson, David G. (2011).
1057:German cruiser Admiral Hipper
1397:Patterson, Lawrence (2001).
994:German submarine U-14 (1935)
1186:successfully navigated the
980:attempted an attack on the
1550:
1135:ORP Sęp interned in Sweden
955:was ordered to attack the
743:) was an operation of the
1119:had laid sank the German
973:) arrived in its sector.
941:German invasion of Poland
689:Slovak invasion of Poland
682:Soviet invasion of Poland
355:
291:
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224:
187:
151:
138:
130:
1268:Battle of the Danzig Bay
1055:prepared to attack the
1236:
1164:went missing in 1940.
1136:
996:launched a torpedo at
892:was further east, and
884:was further West near
868:to the estuary of the
736:
720:
225:Commanders and leaders
1534:September 1939 events
1400:First U-Boat Flotilla
1134:
1042:German submarine U-22
747:in the first days of
718:
653:1st Tomaszów Lubelski
601:2nd Tomaszów Lubelski
292:Casualties and losses
1298:Estonian internment.
1170:surfaced outside of
1020:exploded just above
751:, in which its five
696:Operation Tannenberg
359:Battle of the Border
297:3 submarines damaged
45:improve this article
1451:The Gathering Storm
1358:The Gathering Storm
1324: /
1190:and arrived in the
1102:being too dangerous
757:German naval forces
499:Tomaszów Mazowiecki
303:(including damaged)
159:1–25 September 1939
1524:Invasion of Poland
1469:Andrzej Makowski:
1221:Aleksander Mohuczy
1137:
958:Schleswig-Holstein
773:did sink a German
721:
347:Invasion of Poland
308:1 minesweeper sunk
133:Invasion of Poland
1328:55.633°N 18.900°E
1081:neutrality patrol
1067:and torpedo boat
852:international law
846:were to mine the
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1431:on 8 August 2019
1427:. Archived from
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1051:On 11 September
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1449:Haar, Geirr H.
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1356:Haar, Geirr H.
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1032:. The next day
963:pre-dreadnought
945:at Westerplatte
937:
872:river. East of
809:(Wild Cat) and
783:
729:Operation Worek
713:
708:
677:
611:Kampinos Forest
445:Slovak invasion
415:Węgierska Górka
380:Lasy Królewskie
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250:Conrad Albrecht
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126:Operation Worek
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30:
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12:
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1514:1939 in Poland
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1333:55.633; 18.900
1307:
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1291:The submarine
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1192:United Kingdom
1188:Danish straits
1158:United Kingdom
1153:Orzeł incident
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848:Gulf of Danzig
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637:Southern Front
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493:4–10 September
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828:Hel Peninsula
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606:Wólka Węglowa
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549:Wola Cyrusowa
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487:Kępa Oksywska
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287:10 submarines
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101:February 2016
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72:
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:the original
1419:
1399:
1392:
1372:
1365:
1309:
1287:
1256:
1241:East Prussia
1211:vice admiral
1207:
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1161:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1076:
1075:. Believing
1068:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1018:depth charge
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
985:
977:
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952:
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938:
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832:East Prussia
821:
811:
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749:World War II
740:
739:, literally
728:
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701:
694:
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663:Janów Forest
636:
635:
554:
553:
492:
491:
471:
457:Westerplatte
451:Baltic coast
450:
449:
357:
274:9 destroyers
261:5 submarines
238:Adam Mohuczy
188:Belligerents
179:Inconclusive
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
60:"Worek Plan"
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1435:18 February
1331: /
1273:Peking Plan
1229:Świnoujście
1214:Józef Unrug
1121:minesweeper
803:(Vulture),
775:minesweeper
745:Polish Navy
514:Borowa Góra
425:Częstochowa
1508:Categories
1306:References
1237:Swinemünde
1204:Assessment
1142:docked in
1006:Baltic Sea
824:Danzig Bay
817:destroyers
753:submarines
737:Plan Worek
725:Worek Plan
626:Krasnobród
616:Krasnystaw
472:Worek Plan
467:Danzig Bay
169:Baltic Sea
71:newspapers
1293:ORP Orzel
1218:commander
1172:Stockholm
1127:Aftermath
935:Execution
866:Jastarnia
791:(Eagle),
741:Plan Sack
410:Fraustadt
395:Grudziądz
306:24 killed
285:4 escorts
1262:See also
1251:port of
1247:and the
1148:interned
1089:Kattegat
927:were in
919:, while
915:were at
826:and the
797:(Wolf),
703:Timeline
668:Cześniki
648:Jarosław
643:Przemyśl
621:Łomianki
571:Kałuszyn
519:Piotrków
440:Bukowiec
435:Katowice
405:Jordanów
390:Pszczyna
375:Krojanty
370:Chojnice
301:interned
256:Strength
164:Location
131:Part of
1319:18°54′E
1316:55°38′N
1249:Swedish
1245:Germany
1144:Tallinn
1073:Øresund
1030:Estonia
1026:Tallinn
929:Oksywie
886:Rozewie
870:Vistula
658:Jaworów
529:Pułtusk
430:Mikołów
282:E-boats
218:Germany
85:scholar
1491:
1407:
1380:
1360:40-55.
1239:) and
1233:German
1016:. One
1002:Orzel'
967:Danzig
965:leave
911:, and
842:, and
733:Polish
596:Brześć
591:Kobryń
586:Modlin
576:Węgrów
561:Warsaw
477:Gdynia
462:Danzig
365:Wieluń
215:
203:Poland
200:
176:Result
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1453:p. 53
1279:Notes
1253:Luleå
1225:Burza
1162:Orzel
1140:Orzeł
1022:Orzel
953:Orzel
925:Orzel
898:Orzeł
874:Orzeł
862:Orzeł
788:Orzeł
581:Wilno
566:Bzura
544:Barak
539:Łomża
534:Radom
524:Różan
504:Wizna
400:Mława
385:Mokra
92:JSTOR
78:books
1489:ISBN
1437:2016
1405:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1198:Żbik
1184:Wilk
1117:Żbik
1110:Żbik
1085:Wilk
1077:Wilk
1069:T107
1061:Wilk
1053:Wilk
1046:Żbik
1034:Wilk
1012:and
978:Wilk
949:Wilk
923:and
921:Wilk
913:Żbik
894:Żbik
878:Wilk
844:Żbik
836:Wilk
806:Żbik
794:Wilk
781:Plan
770:Żbik
727:(or
723:The
673:Lwów
631:Kock
509:Łódź
156:Date
64:news
1178:Ryś
1168:Sęp
1106:Ryś
1099:Hel
1095:Sęp
1071:in
1038:Hel
998:Sep
986:Sep
971:Sęp
917:Hel
909:Ryś
905:Sęp
890:Ryś
882:Sęp
840:Ryś
812:Ryś
800:Sęp
482:Hel
47:by
1510::
1458:^
1345:^
1235::
1091:.
1048:.
1028:,
1014:M4
1010:M3
931:.
907:,
888:,
838:,
834:.
763:.
735::
731:,
280:8
269:3
264:2
1497:.
1439:.
1413:.
1386:.
1231:(
337:e
330:t
323:v
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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