Knowledge (XXG)

Worimi

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Stephens. He confined his settlement activities to the coast, with farms on Stroud creek, outposts on the Manning River, stock-mistering in Gloucester Vale. Despite good reports, according to a modern historian, Dawson's numerous improvements, were judged inadequate and the area around Port Stephen was seen as disappointing, with useless outskirts, the central zone rocky, steep and the Gloucester flats water-logged: sheep suffered from foot-rot. The Company wanted to push beyond the hills that hemmed the settlement in, and Dawson was dismissed for mismanagement and replaced by the Arctic explorer,
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fellows) shot their relations and friends; and showed me many orphans, whose parents had fallen by the hands of white men, near this spot. The pointed out one white man, on his coming to beg some provisions for his party up the river Karuah, who, they said, had killed ten;: and the wretch did not deny it, but said he would kill them whenever he could. It was well for him that he had no white man to depose to the facts, or I would have had him off to jail at once.'
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was established upon an act of the British Parliament in 1824. The aim of the legislation was to further the cultivation and improvement of what it termed 'waste land' in the colony of New South Wales. In January 1826, a company agent, Robert Dawson (1782–1866), set up camp near the shoreline at Port
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Dawson himself soon after published a vindication, and then a glowing account of the area, together with an account of the Worimi. He found the Worimi a 'mild and harmless race', and attributed any harm they might cause to the maltreatment they received from settlers, who elsewhere had been shooting
240:
There has, perhaps, been more of this done near to this settlement, and on the banks of the two rivers which empty themselves into this harbor, than in any other part of the colony; and it has arisen from the speculators in timber..The natives complained to me frequently, that 'white pellow' (white
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The Worimi fostered, cared for and lived on resources found within their country. Marine food, especially shell-fish were favoured by people living closest to the sea. Due to the reliability of this resource it may have been preferred over land animals and vegetables. The latter two were used as
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The Present State of Australia: A Description of the Country, Its Advantages and Prospects, with Reference to Emigration: and a Particular Account of the Manners, Customs, and the Condition of Its Aboriginal
960: 251:
supplementary foods and added variety to their diet. Animals that were abundant included kangaroos and goannas, possums, snakes and flying foxes. Vegetables eaten included fern roots, stalks of the
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Today the Worimi Local Aboriginal Land Council is working closely with Worimi descendants to provide opportunities that promote, foster and protect the culture and heritage. In July 2016, the
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as a place of historical value for Aboriginal people, noting the particular importance in cultural and spiritual terms that it held for the Worimi.
1803: 706:"The language, (Gadjang (also spelt Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang, Gathang), weapons and manufactures of the aborigines of Port Stephens" 1796: 900: 879: 827: 778: 765: 1631: 713: 692: 272: 224: 120: 792: 1845: 163: 124: 108: 705: 684: 988: 84: 769: 268: 1111: 1030: 337: 136: 80: 35: 229: 112: 76: 868:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
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Elkin states:'living along the tidal reaches of the Hunter River from its mouth to Maitland.' (
1734: 1703: 1624: 1118: 1104: 896: 875: 863: 823: 813: 651: 890: 638: 722: 660: 212: 202: 159: 746: 649:(March 1932). "Notes on the Social Organization of the Worimi, a Kattang-speaking people". 1727: 1682: 1648: 1529: 1517: 973: 64: 31: 938: 1533: 1055: 859: 664: 104: 1834: 1599: 1537: 1209: 759: 734: 627: 1461: 1433: 1314: 1188: 1020: 796: 179: 148: 371:('salt-water', hence the hordal name,'Garua-gal', 'belonging to the salt water.') 103:
The Worimi's lands extended over 1,500 square miles (3,900 km) according to
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This article is about the Indigenous Australian group. For their language, see
1440: 1426: 1279: 1237: 1202: 1160: 1153: 1139: 116: 513: 17: 1578: 1482: 1475: 1377: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1321: 1258: 1013: 871: 819: 779:"State government recognises Aboriginal significance of Soldiers Point land" 68: 1048: 1585: 1496: 1489: 1412: 1391: 1384: 1300: 1272: 1265: 1223: 1216: 1181: 1174: 1167: 1132: 1090: 1083: 1062: 838: 672: 1592: 1571: 1510: 1468: 1447: 1419: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1293: 1286: 1230: 1195: 1097: 1069: 302: 256: 208: 1606: 726: 128: 99:
Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around the Worimi
1398: 1328: 1251: 1125: 1006: 852: 685:"Initiation Ceremonies of the Aborigines of Port Stephens, N.S.W." 94: 236:
them like dogs. Of the situation around Port Stephens, he wrote:
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Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
172:(sea-shore south of Port Stephens, inland to Teleghery Creek) 420:
Elkin adds:'and east of the Karuah River to Tea Gardens.' (
71:. Before contact with settlers, their people extended from 910: 747:"The Kattang (Kutthung) or Worimi: An Aboriginal Tribe" 472: 470: 34:. For the lands leased to NSW Parks and Wildlife, see 518:
Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative
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Elkin adds:' from Limeburner's Creek up to Stroud.' (
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recognised 5.9 ha (14.6 acres) of the suburb of
107:, who specified that the tribal area encompassed the 1616: 1556: 1040: 998: 980: 843:, Raymond Terrace and District Historical Society 758:Flowers, E. (1966). "Robert Dawson (1782–1866)". 178:(northern side of Port Stephens, left bank of 954: 840:The Worimi: hunter gatherers at Port Stephens 8: 514:"Gathang (Birrbay, Guringay & Warrimay)" 135:. To the south, their territory extended to 961: 947: 939: 1755:List of Australian Aboriginal group names 219:History of contact with British colonists 476: 795:. Port Stephens Council. Archived from 549: 537: 500: 488: 461: 454: 391: 356: 911:"Worimi Local Aboriginal Land Council" 597: 573: 561: 207:The language of the Worimi peoples is 1841:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales 815:History of Australian Land Settlement 609: 434: 421: 408: 7: 935:at Worimi Conservation Lands website 872:Australian National University Press 586:Worimi Local Aboriginal Land Council 127:and in proximity of Glendon Brook, 766:Australian Dictionary of Biography 665:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00034.x 296:Gadang, Kutthung, Guttahn, Kattang 147:The Worimi were divided into four 25: 1024:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW) 123:and ran inland as far as roughly 693:Royal Society of New South Wales 188:(right bank of the Karuah up to 83:in the north and as far west as 225:Australian Agricultural Company 1: 27:Aboriginal group in Australia 398:This map is indicative only. 777:Norris, Sam (4 July 2016). 381:, 'belonging to the spear') 1862: 981:Aboriginal language groups 770:Melbourne University Press 761:Dawson, Robert (1782–1866) 303:Gingai/Gringai/Gooreenggai 269:New South Wales Government 200: 29: 1764: 1744: 1031:Western Bundjalung people 377:('spear', hence the name 36:Worimi conservation lands 895:. Rosenberg Publishing. 837:Sokoloff, Boris (1980), 860:Tindale, Norman Barnett 812:Roberts, S.H. (2013) . 793:"Port Stephens History" 626:Dawson, Robert (1831). 255:, and the bloom of the 158:(the country adjoining 111:to the coastal town of 1245:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay 889:Turbet, Peter (2011). 784:Port Stephens Examiner 635:Smith, Elder & Co. 243: 211:, which is undergoing 100: 53:Aboriginal Australians 1846:Port Stephens Council 1770:By state or territory 989:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic 238: 215:in the 21st century. 98: 1617:Aboriginal languages 743:Enright, Walter John 702:Enright, Walter John 681:Enright, Walter John 162:and along the lower 491:, pp. 201–202. 324:Port Stephens tribe 143:Social organisation 63:regions of coastal 1783:Northern Territory 1112:Western Bundjalung 1041:Aboriginal peoples 999:Aboriginal nations 892:The First Frontier 349:Wattung/ Watthungk 309:Karrapath/Carapath 101: 1828: 1827: 1818:Western Australia 1175:Gidhabal/Githabul 902:978-1-922-01300-2 881:978-0-708-10741-6 829:978-1-136-26720-8 799:on 29 August 2007 564:, pp. 51ff.. 552:, pp. 57–58. 464:, pp. 75–77. 344:Warrimee/Warramie 279:Alternative names 55:from the eastern 16:(Redirected from 1853: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1757: 1750: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1707: 1699: 1692: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1668:(or Yuwaaliyaay) 1661: 1654: 1652: 1644: 1637: 1635: 1627: 1609: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1557:Aboriginal clans 1549: 1540: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1338: 1331: 1324: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1226: 1219: 1212: 1205: 1198: 1191: 1184: 1182:Gringai/Guringay 1177: 1170: 1163: 1156: 1149: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1121: 1114: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1086: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1058: 1051: 1033: 1026: 1025: 1016: 1009: 991: 963: 956: 949: 940: 921: 919: 917: 906: 885: 855: 850: 848: 833: 808: 806: 804: 788: 773: 754: 738: 727:10.5962/p.359339 710: 697: 689: 676: 642: 633:(2nd ed.). 613: 607: 601: 595: 589: 583: 577: 571: 565: 559: 553: 547: 541: 535: 529: 528: 526: 524: 510: 504: 498: 492: 486: 480: 474: 465: 459: 438: 431: 425: 418: 412: 405: 399: 396: 203:Gathang language 131:, and the upper 75:in the south to 21: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1809: 1802: 1797:South Australia 1795: 1788: 1781: 1776:New South Wales 1774: 1769: 1760: 1753: 1748: 1740: 1733: 1726: 1719: 1712: 1705: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1647: 1640: 1634:(or Bundjalung) 1633: 1630: 1623: 1612: 1605: 1598: 1591: 1584: 1577: 1570: 1563: 1552: 1545: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1467: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1439: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1306: 1299: 1292: 1285: 1278: 1271: 1264: 1257: 1250: 1243: 1236: 1229: 1222: 1215: 1208: 1201: 1194: 1187: 1180: 1173: 1166: 1159: 1152: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1036: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1012: 1005: 994: 987: 976: 974:New South Wales 967: 929: 924: 915: 913: 909: 903: 888: 882: 858: 846: 844: 836: 830: 811: 802: 800: 791: 776: 768:. Vol. 1. 757: 741: 708: 700: 687: 683:(5 July 1899). 679: 645: 625: 621: 616: 608: 604: 596: 592: 584: 580: 572: 568: 560: 556: 548: 544: 536: 532: 522: 520: 512: 511: 507: 499: 495: 487: 483: 475: 468: 460: 456: 452: 447: 442: 441: 432: 428: 419: 415: 406: 402: 397: 393: 388: 365: 353: 298:(language name) 281: 265: 248: 221: 205: 199: 160:Teleghery Creek 145: 93: 65:New South Wales 39: 32:Worimi language 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1859: 1857: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1662: 1655: 1645: 1638: 1628: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1582: 1575: 1568: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1171: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1017: 1010: 1002: 1000: 996: 995: 993: 992: 984: 982: 978: 977: 968: 966: 965: 958: 951: 943: 937: 936: 928: 927:External links 925: 923: 922: 907: 901: 886: 880: 864:"Worimi (NSW)" 856: 834: 828: 809: 789: 774: 755: 745:(March 1932). 739: 698: 677: 659:(3): 359–363. 643: 622: 620: 617: 615: 614: 612:, p. 360. 602: 590: 578: 566: 554: 542: 530: 505: 493: 481: 466: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 440: 439: 437:, p. 360) 426: 424:, p. 360) 413: 411:, p. 360) 400: 390: 389: 387: 384: 383: 382: 372: 364: 361: 359:, p. 202 352: 351: 346: 341: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 299: 293: 288: 282: 280: 277: 273:Soldiers Point 264: 261: 247: 244: 220: 217: 201:Main article: 198: 195: 194: 193: 183: 173: 167: 144: 141: 105:Norman Tindale 92: 89: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1858: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1706:(or Dharawal) 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600:Wallumettagal 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526:Wanggeriburra 1522: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1001: 997: 990: 986: 985: 983: 979: 975: 971: 964: 959: 957: 952: 950: 945: 944: 941: 934: 931: 930: 926: 912: 908: 904: 898: 894: 893: 887: 883: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 854: 842: 841: 835: 831: 825: 821: 817: 816: 810: 798: 794: 790: 786: 785: 780: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 653: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 631: 624: 623: 618: 611: 606: 603: 600:, p. 15. 599: 594: 591: 587: 582: 579: 576:, p. 58. 575: 570: 567: 563: 558: 555: 551: 546: 543: 539: 534: 531: 519: 515: 509: 506: 503:, p. 76. 502: 497: 494: 490: 485: 482: 478: 477:Sokoloff 1980 473: 471: 467: 463: 458: 455: 449: 444: 436: 430: 427: 423: 417: 414: 410: 404: 401: 395: 392: 385: 380: 376: 373: 370: 367: 366: 362: 360: 358: 350: 347: 345: 342: 339: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 304: 300: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 278: 276: 274: 270: 263:Modern period 262: 260: 258: 254: 245: 242: 237: 233: 231: 230:William Parry 226: 218: 216: 214: 210: 204: 196: 191: 187: 184: 181: 177: 174: 171: 168: 165: 161: 157: 154: 153: 152: 150: 142: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 121:Port Stephens 119:. It reached 118: 114: 110: 106: 97: 90: 88: 86: 82: 78: 74: 73:Port Stephens 70: 66: 62: 58: 57:Port Stephens 54: 51:) people are 50: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Worimi people 1503: 1462:Wirraayaraay 1434:Wangaaypuwan 1315:Nhaawuparlku 1189:Gumbaynggirr 914:. Retrieved 891: 867: 851:– via 845:, retrieved 839: 814: 803:12 September 801:. Retrieved 797:the original 782: 760: 750: 718: 712: 691: 656: 650: 647:Elkin, A. P. 628: 605: 593: 581: 569: 557: 550:Roberts 2013 545: 538:Flowers 1966 533: 521:. Retrieved 517: 508: 501:Enright 1932 496: 489:Tindale 1974 484: 462:Enright 1932 457: 429: 416: 403: 394: 378: 374: 368: 357:Tindale 1974 354: 348: 343: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 301: 295: 290: 285: 266: 249: 239: 234: 222: 206: 185: 175: 169: 155: 146: 109:Hunter River 102: 48: 47:(also spelt 44: 42: 40: 1714:Wemba Wemba 1676:Madhi Madhi 1666:Gamilaraay 1659:Dyirringany 1632:Bandjalang 1565:Cammeraygal 1455:Wemba-Wemba 1406:Yuwaalaraay 1308:Muthi Muthi 1077:Barranbinya 972:peoples in 721:: 103–118. 630:Inhabitants 598:Norris 2016 574:Dawson 1831 562:Dawson 1831 133:Myall Creek 61:Great Lakes 1835:Categories 1790:Queensland 1683:Nganywyana 1642:Darkinjung 1530:Kombumerri 1441:Wanjiwalku 1427:Wandandian 1280:Malyangapa 1252:Kula/Kurnu 1238:Karenggapa 1203:Himberrong 1161:Gandangara 1154:Gamilaraay 1140:Djiringanj 1119:Darkinyung 1105:Bundjalung 970:Aboriginal 933:The Worimi 847:8 November 696:: 115–124. 610:Elkin 1932 445:References 435:Elkin 1932 422:Elkin 1932 409:Elkin 1932 379:Gamipingal 363:Some words 334:Warrangine 329:Wannungine 253:Gymea lily 176:Gamipingal 117:Cape Hawke 85:Gloucester 1721:Wiradjuri 1704:Tharawal 1697:Ngunnawal 1690:Ngiyambaa 1651:(or Eora) 1579:Gorualgal 1534:Mununjali 1483:Wiradjuri 1476:Wilyakali 1378:Paaruntyi 1371:Paakantyi 1364:Ngunnawal 1357:Ngiyampaa 1322:Nari-Nari 1259:Kuringgai 1014:Kuringgai 820:Routledge 735:259733588 523:10 August 450:Citations 386:Footnotes 246:Lifestyle 69:Australia 1811:Victoria 1804:Tasmania 1749:See also 1735:Yugambeh 1625:Awabakal 1586:Jerrinja 1538:Tulgigin 1518:Yugambeh 1497:Wonnarua 1490:Wodiwodi 1413:Walbunja 1392:Tharawal 1385:Barindji 1301:Muruwari 1273:Kwiambal 1266:Kureinji 1224:Jukambal 1217:Jitajita 1168:Geawegal 1133:Djangadi 1091:Bigambul 1084:Bidjigal 1063:Awabakal 862:(1974). 753:: 75–77. 704:(1900). 673:27976153 637:p.  355:Source: 338:Maitland 314:Kutthack 197:Language 186:Buraigal 170:Maiangal 156:Garuagal 137:Maitland 125:Gresford 81:Tuncurry 49:Warrimay 1649:Dharug 1593:Ngambri 1572:Gadigal 1524:Clans: 1511:Yaygirr 1469:Wiyabal 1448:Weilwan 1420:Walgalu 1350:Ngarigo 1343:Ngarbal 1336:Ngambaa 1294:Milpulo 1287:Maraura 1231:Galibal 1196:Gweagal 1098:Birrbay 1056:Arakwal 916:11 June 751:Mankind 652:Oceania 619:Sources 291:Cottong 257:banksia 213:revival 209:Gathang 113:Forster 91:Country 77:Forster 1728:Worimi 1607:Wangal 1504:Worimi 1210:Jeithi 1070:Banbai 1049:Anēwan 899:  878:  826:  733:  671:  286:Bahree 190:Stroud 180:Karuah 164:Hunter 129:Dungog 45:Worimi 1399:Thaua 1329:Ngaku 1126:Darug 1021:Murri 1007:Koori 853:Trove 731:S2CID 709:(PDF) 688:(PDF) 669:JSTOR 369:garua 149:bands 115:near 1547:Yuin 1147:Eora 918:2016 897:ISBN 876:ISBN 849:2013 824:ISBN 805:2007 525:2023 375:gami 336:(at 319:Molo 223:The 59:and 43:The 723:doi 661:doi 1837:: 1536:, 1532:, 1528:, 874:. 870:. 866:. 822:. 818:. 781:. 764:. 749:. 729:. 719:34 717:. 711:. 690:. 667:. 655:. 639:51 516:. 469:^ 259:. 232:. 151:: 139:. 87:. 67:, 962:e 955:t 948:v 920:. 905:. 884:. 832:. 807:. 787:. 772:. 737:. 725:: 675:. 663:: 657:2 641:. 588:. 540:. 527:. 479:. 340:) 192:) 182:) 166:) 79:/ 38:. 20:)

Index

Worimi people
Worimi language
Worimi conservation lands
Aboriginal Australians
Port Stephens
Great Lakes
New South Wales
Australia
Port Stephens
Forster
Tuncurry
Gloucester

Norman Tindale
Hunter River
Forster
Cape Hawke
Port Stephens
Gresford
Dungog
Myall Creek
Maitland
bands
Teleghery Creek
Hunter
Karuah
Stroud
Gathang language
Gathang
revival

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