44:
246:
Since R-540 engines were found solely in light aircraft, they weren't often used for groundbreaking flights. However, there were a couple of noteworthy exceptions which took advantage of the
Whirlwind family's reputation for high reliability. In 1935, the brothers
235:, sales plummeted, and only about 100 further examples were built over the next eight years. Wright finally ceased production of five-cylinder Whirlwinds in 1937, concentrating on larger engines and leaving the market for small radials to companies like
196:
Wright gradually refined the R-540, using suffix letters to indicate successive versions. For example, the R-540A had 165 hp (123 kW), while the R-540E of 1931 had power boosted to 175 hp (130 kW) thanks to an improved
716:. This personal collection of museum aircraft engine photos includes a photo of a Wright R-540 under the SAC Museum section. (The page mislabels it as a "Wright R-540 J-5"—there never was a five-cylinder version of the J-5.)
259:, from June 4 to July 1. Their plane was refueled and resupplied in flight, and they could perform simple engine maintenance by walking out on a small catwalk extending between the cabin and the engine.
874:
1380:
940:
1393:
2134:
228:, a light civil utility aircraft. A few were also used in prototype military trainer aircraft that were evaluated by the U.S. Army but not put into production.
224:
The R-540 was the smallest, least powerful member of the
Whirlwind family and was designed for light aircraft. One of the more popular types to use it was the
2103:
1373:
1858:
857:
933:
1366:
1903:
2129:
2108:
1923:
926:
56:
1938:
1828:
1898:
1888:
1389:
162:
series. The J-6 family included varieties with five, seven, and nine cylinders. The five-cylinder version was originally known as the
1893:
801:
146:
of 540 in³ (8.85 L) and power ratings of around 165-175 hp (123-130 kW). They were the smallest members of the
2139:
1873:
853:
814:
744:
87:
669:. Transcribed from Wright Aeronautical documents by Robert J. Neal T; available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's
486:
346:
329:
1843:
645:
699:
1928:
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907:
842:
772:
673:
451:
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575:
240:
185:
was expanded to 5.0 in (12.7 cm) from the R-790's bore of 4.5 in (11.4 cm). While the R-790 was
1918:
1713:
1436:
1431:
1358:
1224:
1192:
186:
2098:
2082:
1913:
1426:
1416:
201:
design. Wright sometimes named these versions according to their power, e.g. "Whirlwind 165" or "Whirlwind 175".
1933:
1773:
1497:
1234:
1202:
597:
354:
1868:
1853:
1838:
1214:
1209:
1182:
1177:
1159:
1154:
1107:
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1094:
177:
Like all the members of the J-6 Whirlwind family, the R-540 had larger cylinders than the R-790. The piston
43:
1818:
1803:
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1144:
1139:
1127:
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1112:
231:
The R-540 sold well at first, with over 400 engines being built in 1929. However, with the impact of the
2006:
1981:
1908:
1883:
1878:
1260:
1219:
1187:
1169:
526:
256:
1545:
1464:
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1507:
289:
52:
1991:
1971:
1823:
1555:
1441:
1013:
1008:
1996:
1986:
1723:
1517:
1502:
1459:
1255:
949:
408:
143:
135:
1540:
1487:
1347:
1077:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1003:
275:
on July 17–18, 1938, used a
Curtiss Robin with an R-540 built from the parts of two used engines.
2016:
1680:
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998:
993:
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978:
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797:
517:
350:
1943:
1685:
1469:
1421:
973:
888:
Model
Designations of USAF Aircraft Engines: Section I, Reciprocating Engine Characteristics
541:
371:
260:
232:
147:
216:
without modification apart from the use of
Hispano's patented nitriding finishing process.
1961:
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911:
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2011:
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139:
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585:
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182:
128:
67:
823:
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251:
set a new flight endurance record of 653 hours, 34 minutes in the
Curtiss Robin J-1
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2039:
1976:
1966:
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1808:
1793:
1550:
1512:
1342:
1319:
1250:
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1067:
1047:
1037:
563:
558:
553:
462:
190:
159:
28:
654:
1532:
1522:
158:
Wright introduced the J-6 Whirlwind family in 1928 to replace the nine-cylinder
1788:
1758:
1743:
1733:
1324:
1311:
1292:
580:
471:
445:
429:
319:
314:
886:
1307:
705:
299:
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17:
2072:
2054:
2031:
1953:
1451:
1401:
1274:
904:
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670:
468:
455:
334:
272:
345:
Wright R-540 engines on display are uncommon, but there is one at the
1334:
268:
236:
205:
374:
data sheet for the R-540E; dimensions from
Curtiss-Wright (1983).
1362:
922:
783:
Forden, Lesley (1958), "Whatever Became of the Curtis Robin",
368:
181:
of 5.5 in (14.0 cm) was unchanged, but the cylinder
174:; Wright later adopted this and dropped the J-6 nomenclature.
189:, the R-540, like the other J-6 engines, had a gear-driven
903:. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's
838:. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's
768:. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's
386:
5-cylinder supercharged air-cooled radial piston engine
871:
353:. Another is on display at the Shannon Air Museum in
170:
for short. The U.S. government designated it as the
859:
2071:
2053:
2030:
1952:
1704:
1531:
1478:
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1400:
1333:
1306:
1273:
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1168:
1093:
1086:
1027:
963:
305:Kreider-Reisner Challenger C-4C (Fairchild KR-34C)
349:(formerly the Strategic Air Command Museum) near
263:'s famous unauthorized transatlantic flight from
647:Summary of Wright Engine Shipments: 1920 to 1963
1374:
934:
885:USAF Air Materiel Command (January 1, 1950),
8:
640:
638:
636:
1381:
1367:
1359:
1090:
941:
927:
919:
816:Historical Engine Summary (Beginning 1930)
787:, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 54–84
2135:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
504:175 hp (130 kW) at 2,000 RPM at sea level
127:was a series of five-cylinder air-cooled
614:
796:, Warrendale, USA: SAE International,
51:Wright R-540 Whirlwind installed in a
33:
7:
57:Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum
2104:US military gas turbine aeroengines
25:
746:Wright Engines - Past and Present
752:, pp. 12–13, archived from
325:Stinson Junior SM-2AA and SM-2AB
42:
872:Regulatory and Guidance Library
854:Federal Aviation Administration
88:Wright Aeronautical Corporation
347:Strategic Air and Space Museum
1:
2130:1920s aircraft piston engines
2109:Piston engine configurations
794:Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics
261:Douglas "Wrong-Way" Corrigan
870:. Available from the FAA's
822:, p. 1, archived from
576:Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose
193:to boost its power output.
2156:
513:0.324 hp/cu-in (14.7 kW/L)
26:
2091:
531:0.417 hp/lb (0.685 kW/kg)
50:
41:
36:
598:List of aircraft engines
355:Fredericksburg, Virginia
204:The engine was built in
27:Not to be confused with
2140:Wright aircraft engines
2075:W-configuration inline)
1404:H-configuration inline)
1392:piston aircraft engine
378:General characteristics
361:Specifications (R-540E)
99:Various light aircraft
2055:VG (inverted-V inline)
1480:L (single-bank inline)
1452:IV (inverted-V inline)
1390:United States military
725:FAA, ATC 23 data sheet
630:Lage (2004) pp.152-163
154:Design and development
142:. These engines had a
125:Wright R-540 Whirlwind
66:Air-cooled 5-cylinder
2032:V (inverted-V inline)
792:Lage, Manual (2004),
621:Curtiss-Wright (1940)
527:Power-to-weight ratio
257:Meridian, Mississippi
1954:V (upright-V inline)
759:on February 15, 2010
467:gear-driven, 7.05:1
290:Curtiss-Wright CW-16
68:radial piston engine
829:on October 31, 2010
548:Related development
220:Operational history
187:naturally aspirated
136:Wright Aeronautical
1394:designation system
910:2010-02-04 at the
877:2016-11-12 at the
845:2010-02-04 at the
775:2010-02-04 at the
689:Forden (1958) p.84
676:2010-02-04 at the
570:Comparable engines
564:Wright J-6-9/R-975
559:Wright J-6-7/R-760
425:45.0 in (114.3 cm)
419:41.1 in (104.4 cm)
413:540 cu in (8.85 L)
341:Engines on display
310:General Aristocrat
295:Detroit-Parks P-2A
164:J-6 Whirlwind Five
95:Major applications
2117:
2116:
1356:
1355:
1269:
1268:
518:Compression ratio
351:Ashland, Nebraska
330:Travel Air E-4000
285:Curtiss Robin J-1
214:Hispano-Wright 5Q
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
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1095:Whirlwind family
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957:aircraft engines
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704:, archived from
701:Aircraft Engines
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660:on March 3, 2016
659:
653:, archived from
652:
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554:Wright J-5/R-790
542:Wright Whirlwind
372:type certificate
233:Great Depression
210:Hispano-Suiza 5Q
148:Wright Whirlwind
132:aircraft engines
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37:R-540 Whirlwind
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434:420 lb (191 kg)
404:5.5 in (140 mm)
395:5.0 in (127 mm)
380:
363:
343:
281:
249:Al and Fred Key
222:
156:
150:engine family.
112:
94:
75:National origin
74:
32:
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1261:R-2160 Tornado
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1198:Duplex-Cyclone
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1170:Cyclone family
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1125:
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1087:Wright radials
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905:reference page
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811:Curtiss-Wright
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741:Curtiss-Wright
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255:, flying over
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1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
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1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
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1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
962:
958:
955:
951:
944:
939:
937:
932:
930:
925:
924:
921:
913:
909:
906:
890:
889:
883:
880:
876:
873:
861:
860:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
825:
818:
817:
812:
808:
805:
803:0-7680-0997-9
799:
795:
790:
786:
781:
778:
774:
771:
755:
748:
747:
742:
738:
737:
732:
722:
719:
708:on 2017-07-28
707:
703:
702:
695:
692:
686:
683:
679:
675:
672:
656:
649:
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
627:
624:
618:
615:
608:
603:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:Related lists
587:
586:Shvetsov M-11
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
572:
571:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
543:
540:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
521:
519:
515:
512:
510:
506:
503:
502:Power output:
500:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
482:
478:
475:
473:
470:
466:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
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370:
367:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
340:
336:
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331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
265:New York City
262:
258:
254:
250:
244:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
226:Curtiss Robin
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
199:cylinder head
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:built by the
133:
130:
126:
116:
111:
110:
106:
103:
102:
98:
93:
92:
89:
86:
84:Manufacturer
83:
82:
78:
73:
72:
69:
65:
62:
61:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2095:
1753:
1193:Twin Cyclone
1134:
1117:
898:December 10,
896:, retrieved
887:
865:December 10,
863:, retrieved
858:
833:December 10,
831:, retrieved
824:the original
815:
793:
784:
763:December 10,
761:, retrieved
754:the original
745:
733:Bibliography
721:
710:, retrieved
706:the original
700:
694:
685:
664:December 10,
662:, retrieved
655:the original
646:
626:
617:
591:
590:
569:
568:
547:
546:
525:
516:
507:
501:
491:Direct drive
485:
476:
463:Supercharger
461:
444:
428:
422:
416:
409:Displacement
407:
398:
389:
383:
365:
364:
344:
279:Applications
252:
245:
230:
223:
213:
209:
203:
195:
191:supercharger
176:
171:
167:
163:
157:
144:displacement
138:division of
124:
122:
113:Number built
29:Kinner R-540
18:Wright R-540
1533:O (opposed)
1312:turboshafts
999:T-4 Tornado
994:T-3 Tornado
989:T-2 Tornado
984:T-1 Tornado
979:Gipsy L-320
894:, p. 8
496:Performance
117:around 500
2124:Categories
2045:V-1650 (L)
2007:V-1650 (P)
1729:R-370 (LB)
1706:R (radial)
1308:Turboprops
1203:Cyclone 22
712:2008-09-11
604:References
581:Kinner R-5
477:Fuel type:
472:gear ratio
446:Valvetrain
439:Components
430:Dry weight
315:Saro Cloud
107:1929-1937
2096:See also:
1759:R-540 (K)
1754:R-540 (W)
1734:R-370 (K)
1676:O-540 (L)
1671:O-540 (F)
1636:O-360 (L)
1631:O-360 (C)
1601:O-200 (F)
1596:O-200 (C)
1275:Turbojets
1183:Cyclone 9
1178:Cyclone 7
1028:Lawrance
458:-actuated
423:Diameter:
366:Data from
300:Emsco B-7
104:Produced
1251:L-3 Gale
954:Lawrance
908:Archived
875:Archived
843:Archived
813:(1983),
773:Archived
743:(1940),
674:Archived
536:See also
469:impeller
335:Waco BSO
253:Ole Miss
2063:VG-1410
1944:XR-7755
1470:IV-2220
1465:IV-2040
1460:IV-1430
1437:XH-3730
1432:XH-3130
1427:XH-2600
1422:XH-2470
1417:XH-2240
1335:Ramjets
1188:Cyclone
1030:radials
1014:IV-1560
1009:IV-1460
964:Wright
456:pushrod
417:Length:
273:Ireland
208:as the
55:at the
2099:X-1800
2083:W-2779
2022:V-3420
2017:V-1950
2012:V-1710
2002:V-1570
1997:V-1560
1992:V-1510
1987:V-1460
1982:V-1440
1977:V-1400
1972:V-1237
1967:V-1150
1939:R-4360
1934:R-4090
1929:R-3350
1924:R-2800
1919:R-2600
1914:R-2180
1909:R-2160
1904:R-2060
1899:R-2000
1894:R-1860
1889:R-1830
1884:R-1820
1879:R-1750
1874:R-1690
1869:R-1670
1864:R-1640
1859:R-1535
1854:R-1510
1849:R-1454
1844:R-1340
1839:R-1300
1834:R-1044
1824:DR-980
1696:O-1230
1442:H-4070
1412:H-1640
1256:R-1200
1244:Others
1235:R-4090
1230:R-3350
1225:R-2600
1220:R-1820
1215:R-1750
1210:R-1300
1160:R-1670
1155:R-1510
1019:V-1950
950:Wright
800:
785:Flying
481:octane
452:valves
400:Stroke
269:Dublin
241:Warner
237:Kinner
179:stroke
129:radial
2040:V-770
1962:V-720
1829:R-985
1819:R-975
1814:R-915
1809:R-830
1804:R-790
1799:R-760
1794:R-755
1789:R-720
1784:R-680
1779:R-670
1774:R-600
1769:R-550
1764:R-545
1749:R-500
1744:R-440
1739:R-420
1724:R-270
1719:R-265
1714:R-250
1691:O-805
1686:O-580
1681:O-550
1666:O-520
1661:O-480
1656:O-470
1651:O-435
1646:O-425
1641:O-405
1626:O-335
1621:O-300
1616:O-290
1611:O-235
1606:O-205
1591:O-190
1586:O-180
1581:O-175
1576:O-170
1571:O-150
1566:O-145
1561:O-100
1523:L-825
1518:L-510
1513:L-440
1508:L-410
1503:L-390
1498:L-375
1493:L-365
1488:L-330
1150:R-975
1145:R-790
1140:R-760
1135:R-540
1128:J-6-9
1123:J-6-7
1118:J-6-5
1004:V-720
892:(PDF)
827:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
757:(PDF)
750:(PDF)
658:(PDF)
651:(PDF)
609:Notes
522:5.1:1
384:Type:
206:Spain
172:R-540
168:J-6-5
166:, or
160:R-790
63:Type
1556:O-90
1551:O-45
1546:O-40
1541:O-15
1348:RJ55
1343:RJ47
952:and
900:2009
867:2009
835:2009
798:ISBN
765:2009
666:2009
391:Bore
239:and
183:bore
123:The
1325:T49
1320:T35
1298:J67
1293:J65
1288:J61
1283:J59
1113:J-5
1108:J-4
1103:J-3
1078:L-5
1073:L-4
1068:L-3
1063:L-2
1058:L-1
1053:J-2
1048:J-1
1043:C-2
1038:A-3
479:65
369:FAA
267:to
212:or
2126::
856:,
635:^
450:2
357:.
271:,
243:.
1382:e
1375:t
1368:v
1310:/
974:E
942:e
935:t
928:v
914:.
881:.
849:.
779:.
680:.
529::
520::
511::
489::
465::
448::
432::
411::
402::
393::
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
