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named Peng in
Youyang fell in love with Xue Susu. In order to marry her, Peng Xuanwei sent a scholar named Feng and spent a lot of money to lure Xue Susu to Youyang. After arriving in Youyang, Xue Susu realized that she had been cheated, and Peng Xuanwei kept Xue Susu at home for more than ten years. This was her second marriage, lasting more than ten years. After her second marriage ended, she still chose to engage in artistic activities as a courtesan. At some point after 1605 her career as a courtesan came to an end when she married the playwright and bureaucrat
410:.This was Xue Susu's third marriage, and she did not continue to act as a courtesan after that. Finally, she married Yuan Weizhi (袁微之), a wealthy businessman in Suzhou, as a concubine. Xue Susu's marriage to Yuan Weizhi was her last marriage. She married four times in total and eventually died at Yuan's house. When Xue Susu got old, she began to want children, but it was difficult to have children because she was older. So she prayed for others through Buddhism, and prayed for all the men and women who love each other to have children.
491:. One of her paintings was considered "the most accomplished work of its kind in the whole of the Ming period", and contemporary art critics regarded her as "a master of technique". Hu Yinglin considered her to be at the pinnacle of contemporary painting, asking, "What famous painter with skilled hands can surpass her?" and claiming that "... surpasses anyone in the painting of bamboo and orchids." She was also keenly admired by eminent painter and art critic
316:.She was an accomplished painter and poet, and was noted for her skill at mounted archery. She was particularly noted for her figure paintings, which included many Buddhist subjects. Her works are held in a number of museums both in China and elsewhere. Her archery was commented upon by a number of contemporary writers, as were her masculine, martial tendencies; these were regarded as an attractive feature by the literati of the period.
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503:; he claimed that "None lacks an intention and spirit that approaches the divine." Although she painted the standard subjects of landscapes, bamboo and blossoms (being particularly fond of orchids), Xue was noted for her work in figure painting, which was a comparatively unusual artistic topic for courtesans to address. Examples of her paintings are displayed at the
754:"She is able to shoot two balls from her crossbow one after another and make the second ball strike the first and break it in mid-air. Another trick she can do is to place a ball on the ground, and, by pulling the bow backwards with her left hand, while her right hand draws the bow from behind her back, hit it. Out of a hundred shots, she does not miss a single one.
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called the Zhi
Inkstone(脂砚). The bottom of the inkstone box is engraved with the words "Wanli Guiyou Gusu Wu Wanyou", and the four characters "红颜素心 (hongyansuxin, 'beautiful face, pure heart')" are inscribed on the upper right. The inside of the lid is engraved with a portrait of Xue Susu with a fine
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for her, along with an inscription and postscript. Under the guidance of Dong
Qichang, Xue Susu could paint landscapes, orchids, and bamboos with ease. Later, she also became proficient at line drawings of figures, flowers, and grass and insects. As an adult, her poems, books, and paintings attracted
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Beijing as a child she furthered her skills during a sojourn in the company of a military officer in the outlying regions of China. The horsemen of the local tribes there were impressed with her shooting, and she became something of a local celebrity. Later in life she gave public demonstrations in
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Xue Susu's first marriage was to a general. She was once liked by a general named “Li
Zhengman” or a general named Li and became his favorite concubine. After her marriage ended, she became a courtesan again. Later, when her portrait was introduced to the southern minority areas, a Xuanwei officer
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In the 1590s she returned to
Beijing, where the parties and literary gatherings that she hosted, as well as her archery demonstrations, further cemented her reputation. Xue Susu became known as a "Scholarly Woman of Ten Talents (十能才女)". The ten talents were: writing poetry, calligraphy, painting,
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Whilst she excelled at poetry, painting and embroidery, the skill that set Xue apart from other courtesans was her talent for archery. Her mastery of a traditionally masculine art gave her an air of androgyny that was considered highly attractive by the literati of the time. Having practiced in
441:.The date of her death is uncertain; some sources suggest that she may have lived into the 1650s whilst others put her death in the late 1630s or early 1640s. Qian Qianyi mentions her death in a work published in 1652, so it is evident that she must have died before this date.
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celebrities. She had also learned embroidery skills at an early age, and continued embroidering as she grew older. In the autumn of 1612, Li Rihua's disciples brought him a statue of
Guanyin hand-embroidered by Xue Susu and a volume of "Prajna Heart Sutra", which
355:. Due to her poor family, Xue Susu had performed in a circus troupe since she was a child, and developed the skills of riding a horse, shooting a slingshot and walking on a rope.Later Xue Susu chose to become a courtesan. She spent her professional life in the
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and Fan Yulin, Secretary to the
Ministry of War. Apparently fond of martial causes, she was not above using her position to influence military affairs, on one occasion abandoning her lover Yuan Weizhi when he refused to fund an expedition against the
457:. On the bottom of the inkstone is engraved small characters in official script: "The inkstone treasured by Zhiyanzhai will be preserved forever." There is a saying that the Zhiyanzhai in "A Dream of Red Mansions" may be named after Xue Susu Zhiyan.
393:", and took her name from a famous woman warrior from history; she also chose the sobriquet Wulang 五郎 ("fifth young gentleman") as a nickname. The "female knight-errant" epithet was reiterated by both the bibliophile
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recalls another trick shot performed by Xue: "When the servant girl takes a ball in her hand and places it on top of her head / She turns around, hits it with another ball, and both balls fall to the ground."
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there. She was highly selective in her clientele, accepting only learned and scholarly men as her lovers and declining to proffer her affections for mere financial gain. While still in
Jiaxing, Xue Susu met
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Hu
Yinglin wrote that "Her poetry, although lacking in freedom, shows a talent rare among women." Moving in literary circles, Xue also provided the subject matter for many contemporary poets.
549:), which has been lost, apparently contained a selection of her poems regarding life as a courtesan. A number of these were collected in various anthologies from the late Ming and early
372:. At that time, he was still teaching in a private school to make a living. When Dong Qichang met Xue Susu, he was immediately attracted to her, and made a copy of the
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1266:《珊瑚网》载李日华题薛素素《花里观音》云：“薛素能挟弹调筝，鸣机刺绣；又善理眉掠鬓，人间可喜可乐，以娱男子事，种种皆出其手。然花繁春老后，人情不免有绿阴青子之思，姬无可着力。今又以绘法精写大士，代天下有情夫妇祈嗣，此又是于姬己分上补一段大缺陷也。乃欢喜以赞曰：慧女春风手，百花指端吐；菩萨现花中，自结真实果。”
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playing the guqin, playing chess, playing the flute, embroidery, riding a horse, walking on a rope, and shooting a slingshot. Xue Susu was proficient in
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pleasure quarter of
Nanjing in the 1580s, where she became something of a celebrity among the literati and government officials who frequented the
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Already an accomplished painter in her teenage years, Xue was well known for her artistic talent. Her work was considered similar to that of
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and was the only female chess player in the Ming Dynasty with documented historical records.Xue Susu referred to herself as "a female
840:"Past events｜Remembering my father Wang Yiping: Behind the donation of Yi Bing Shou Inkstone and Ming Dynasty Lin Liang's paintings"
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Xue regularly accented her paintings with her own poems, and published two volumes of writing, only one of which is still extant.
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955:""Jinling Painting Circle" promotes female painters to enter the history of Chinese art, Gong Xian is the leader of "Jinling""
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1000:"Many should take their own portraits" - the beauty of women in the works of female painters of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"
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331:, Xue Susu was married about four times. During her later life, she eventually opted for the life of a Buddhist recluse.
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1211:[Popular science results | History of female painters in Jiaxing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (Part 2)].
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after the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. With her Buddhist friend Yang Jiangzi (the sister of Xue's fellow courtesan
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Rethinking Visual Narratives from Asia: Intercultural and Comparative Perspectives. Editor, Alexandra Green
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Xue often exchanged poems and paintings with her clientele, receiving their own artworks in exchange.
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368:, a great scribe and calligrapher who was unknown in the world at that time and later became the
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Wetzel, J. (2002). "Hidden Connections: Courtesans in the Art World of the Ming Dynasty".
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1162:徐树敏《众香词》:“为李征蛮所嬖，其画像传入蛮峒。彭宣府深慕好之。吴人冯生自谓能致素素，费金钱无算。久之，语不雠，宣尉怒羁留十余年乃遣。北里名姬，至于倾动蛮夷，世所希有也。”
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1315:"Appreciation of the Ming Dynasty female painter Xue Susu's orchid bamboo paintings"
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Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth Century China
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1227:"Jiayou Beauty｜Xue Susu: "Riding a horse with a slingshot", a legendary life"
1018:"Jiayou Beauty｜Xue Susu: "Riding a horse with a slingshot", a legendary life"
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She resembles rushes, standing in the water, embracing the moon, and humming
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Her tiny waist, just a hand's breadth, is light enough to dance on a palm
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Women writers of traditional China: an anthology of poetry and criticism
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Who transplanted this flower of renowned species to the Imperial garden?
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The sky looks hollow, the clouds serene, and the wild geese fly in rows
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Xue's own works deal with a variety of themes, from the mildy erotic:
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812:"Amazon, Artist, and Adventurer: A Courtesan in Late Imperial China"
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The river glitters, the waters clear, and the seagulls swim in pairs
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1425:. New York: Indianapolis Museum of Art and Rizzoli. pp. 82–88.
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This lovely night I think of you, wondering whether you will return
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She lived in Eastern China, residing for most of her life in the
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1054:"Cultural Discourse on Xue Susu, A Courtesan in Late Ming China"
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I feel deeply mortified that my talents outshine all the others
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Her eyebrows are slightly frowning, expecting a heart to share
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Women and the Literary World in Early Modern China, 1580-1700
814:. In Kenneth James Hammond; Kristin Eileen Stapleton (eds.).
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Moonlight floods the deserted courtyard; tears soak my dress.
560:, another female poet of the period, describes Xue's allure:
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Dangerous women: warriors, grannies, and geishas of the Ming
347:(contemporary sources disagree). According to the historian
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Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists 1300-1912
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My embroidered dress partly borrows the hue of hibiscus
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districts. After a career as a celebrated courtesan in
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Inside the city walls of stone in the pleasure quarter
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Full of aroma is the taste of wine beneath the bloom
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I clutch one lone pillow; there is nobody to talk to
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The lonely lamp shines on me, casting a faint shadow
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1335:. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. Archived from
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In solitude I watch the seagulls fly across the sky
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Her pure colour and misty daintiness fill the moon.
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635:Beside the bed, she is awaiting the lute of jade.
433:), she made pilgrimages to sacred sites such as
887:. Stanford University Press. pp. 227–228.
597:Hers is a smile worth a thousand pieces of gold
157:Xue Wu, Xuesu, Sujun, Runqing, Runniang, Wulang
38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
566:Lotus blossoms as she moves her pair of arches
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1198:钱谦益《列朝诗集小传》（薛素素）：“中年长斋礼佛，数嫁皆不终。晚归吴下富家，为房老以死。”
731:Carefree and content, I feel fully satisfied.
722:Tinged in azure the gate surrounded by bamboo
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1172:Lin Foxhall; Gabriele Neher (3 April 2012).
818:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 19–30.
351:she spent at least some of her childhood in
1364:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 242.
1178:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 151–152.
472:(Orchid, Bamboo, Pine and Plum) by Xue Susu
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1142:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 66.
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62:Learn how and when to remove this message
1243:Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting
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1246:. Yale University Press. p. 248.
1240:Richard M. Barnhart; Yang Xin (1997).
1061:International Journal of Asian Studies
674:If I did not reciprocate your feelings
495:, who was inspired to copy the entire
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1393:. Stanford University Press. p.
7:
1175:Gender and the City before Modernity
929:. Rowman & Littlefield. p.
1136:Alexandra Green (1 February 2013).
816:The human tradition in modern China
575:Leaning coyly against the East Wind
449:dark pattern, which was painted by
1744:16th-century Chinese women artists
1739:16th-century Chinese women writers
1734:17th-century Chinese women artists
711:to the whimsically philosophical:
16:Chinese Ming Dynasty female artist
14:
1361:Women's Studies Encyclopedia: A-F
547:Notes from a Journey to the South
499:in response to Xue's painting of
881:; Charles Yim-tze Kwong (1999).
601:She lives near the mooring like
381:rated as "extremely exquisite".
23:
413:In later life she converted to
308:1564–1650? C.E.) was a Chinese
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509:San Francisco Asian Art Museum
481:Beautiful Woman in Plain Lines
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1729:17th-century Chinese painters
1724:16th-century Chinese painters
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978:. Routledge. pp. 33–.
972:Daria Berg (24 July 2013).
623:This is the moment to read
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1719:17th-century Chinese poets
1714:16th-century Chinese poets
1633:Gai Shanxi and Her Sisters
112:by Xue Susu, self-portrait
75:
1552:Eight Beauties of Qinhuai
1475:Prostitution in Hong Kong
1073:10.1017/S1479591409000205
921:Victoria B. Cass (1999).
586:Hu Yinglin wrote of Xue:
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110:Girl Playing a Jade Flute
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1638:Sex trafficking in China
1421:Robinson, James (1988).
304:among other pen names) (
501:the bodhisattva Guanyin
339:Xue was born in either
1709:Chinese women painters
1684:Ming dynasty Buddhists
1669:People from East China
1358:Helen Tierney (1999).
1293:10.1080/00497870214051
1209:"科普成果 | 嘉兴明清女性画家史话（下）"
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505:Honolulu Museum of Art
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1485:Prostitution in Tibet
1480:Prostitution in Macau
1461:Prostitution in China
1321:on 11 September 2024.
1125:on 11 September 2024.
1024:on 11 September 2024.
1006:on 11 September 2024.
961:on 11 September 2024.
846:on 11 September 2024.
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532:Trifles about Flowers
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1537:Empress Dowager Bian
1052:Berg, Daria (2009).
1694:Chinese women poets
1385:Dorothy Ko (1994).
810:Daria Berg (2008).
470:Lan Zhu Song Mei Tu
425:at her home on the
1689:Ming dynasty poets
1674:Ming dynasty Gējìs
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453:, the daughter of
42:You can assist by
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1404:978-0-8047-2359-6
1371:978-0-313-31071-3
1253:978-0-300-09447-3
1185:978-1-118-23444-0
1149:978-988-8139-10-1
985:978-1-136-29021-3
940:978-0-8476-9395-5
894:978-0-8047-3231-4
825:978-0-7425-5466-5
685:to the romantic:
370:Minister of Rites
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1333:"Flowers, 1615"
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1067:(2): 171–200.
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625:Eternal Regret
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32:This article
30:
21:
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1704:1650s deaths
1699:1560s births
1606:
1547:Dong Xiaowan
1422:
1388:
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1360:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:the original
1327:
1319:the original
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1221:
1213:zjskw.gov.cn
1212:
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1123:the original
1113:
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1092:. Retrieved
1085:the original
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366:Dong Qichang
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239:Hanyu Pinyin
175:chess player
109:
85:
78:Chinese name
73:
58:
49:
36:copy editing
34:may require
33:
1597:Su Xiaoxiao
1587:Ma Shouzhen
1572:Li Xiangjun
1494:Prostitutes
879:Haun Saussy
553:dynasties.
536:Nan you cao
521:Hua suo shi
497:Heart Sutra
483:by Xue Susu
455:Qiu Shizhou
374:Heart Sutra
349:Qian Qianyi
265:Hsueh Su-su
143:1637 - 1652
121:around 1564
82:family name
1663:Categories
1592:Sai Jinhua
1525:Courtesans
1516:Lin Hei'er
1506:Ching Shih
767:References
439:Mount Emei
402:in Korea.
395:Hu Yinglin
294:Xue Wu(薛五)
259:Wade–Giles
165:courtesan,
133:Ming China
52:April 2024
44:editing it
1617:Yu Xuanji
1582:Liu Rushi
1567:Li Shishi
1532:Bai Mudan
1301:145231141
1081:145248344
758:The poet
489:Chen Chun
461:Paintings
427:West Lake
408:Shen Defu
387:Go (game)
335:Biography
310:courtesan
298:Xuesu(薛素)
245:Xuē Sùsù
1607:Xue Susu
1602:Wang Wei
748:Hangzhou
507:and the
446:inkstone
435:Mount Lu
415:Buddhism
400:Japanese
379:Li Rihua
361:Jiaofang
321:Zhejiang
282:Xue Susu
199:Xue Susu
189:painting
147:Hangzhou
97:Xue Susu
76:In this
1612:Xue Tao
1468:Regions
741:Archery
629:Bo Juyi
558:Xu Yuan
539:Chinese
524:Chinese
451:Qiu Zhu
431:Liu Yin
357:Qinhuai
353:Beijing
345:Jiaxing
329:Nanjing
325:Jiangsu
286:Chinese
209:Chinese
167:painter
129:Jiaxing
1562:Hongfu
1557:Gu Mei
1511:Du Zhu
1501:Ah Toy
1401:
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1343:6 June
1299:
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1094:31 May
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603:Taoye
595:
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569:
541::
526::
515:Poetry
423:Yi Lin
341:Suzhou
288::
125:Suzhou
80:, the
1626:Other
1577:Li Ye
1297:S2CID
1088:(PDF)
1077:S2CID
1057:(PDF)
760:Lu Bi
302:Sujun
1648:Yiji
1399:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1345:2013
1248:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1096:2013
980:ISBN
935:ISBN
889:ISBN
820:ISBN
551:Qing
437:and
421:and
323:and
171:poet
140:Died
118:Born
1395:170
1289:doi
1069:doi
543:南游草
528:花瑣事
343:or
312:in
290:薛素素
215:薛素素
127:or
87:Xue
84:is
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