367:. Per General Order #11, Second Corps Area, the corps headquarters was activated on 23 February 1922 at 39 Whitehall Street in Manhattan with Regular Army personnel. The corps headquarters was responsible for providing and planning administration, organization, supply, and training for army, corps, and other nondivisional Reserve units, less field and coast artillery, in the Second Corps Area. The headquarters was relieved from active duty on 10 October 1925 and all Regular Army personnel were reassigned to the Headquarters, Non-Divisional Group, Second Corps Area, which assumed the responsibilities previously held by the XII Corps. Both the headquarters and the headquarters company remained as "Regular Army Inactive" units, as assignment units for Reserve personnel for wartime mobilization. The headquarters was withdrawn from the Regular Army on 1 October 1933 and demobilized.
180:
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384:, where the corps headquarters would assume command and control of the subordinate corps troops mobilizing throughout the Second Corps Area. It was redesignated on 1 January 1941 as Headquarters, XII Army Corps. The XII Army Corps was not ordered to active duty prior to World War II, and was located in Manhattan as of 7 December 1941 in a reserve status.
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The second iteration of the XII Corps was constituted in the
Organized Reserve on 1 October 1933, allotted to the Second Corps Area, and assigned to the First Army. The headquarters was initiated on 24 January 1934 at Manhattan. In the event of mobilization, it was to be fully activated with Regular
740:
XII Corps is credited with service in the
Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe campaigns. Headquarters, XII Corps, was inactivated on 15 December 1945 in Germany. The corps was subsequently activated and inactivated several times, with the last inactivation occurring on 1
679:
to overrun what they believed was an "Alpine
Redoubt" in the south of Germany. The so-called redoubt proved to be a myth and the commitment of eight U.S. and French army corps against it was a curious use of allied military resources while other allied armies in the north paused for weeks only 80
439:
At the beginning of
September 1944, serious gasoline shortages forced an abrupt halt to General Patton's pursuit across northern France. Resuming its advance on 4 September, but facing shortages of gasoline and ammunition because of the allied logistical crisis, XII Corps now confronted a vastly
363:. The corps headquarters and headquarters company were constituted on 29 July 1921 in the Regular Army, allotted to the Second Corps Area, and assigned to the Fourth Army. Both units were organized on 10 October 1921 with Organized Reserve personnel units at
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city on 21 December 1944. Subsequently, the corps cleared the west bank of the
Moselle River in Luxembourg until 11 January 1945. During 18–23 January, XII Corps assaulted across the Sauer River and cleared the twin confluences of the
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XII Corps assaulted across the
Moselle River at Dieulouard on 13 September 1944, and heavy fighting ensued for three days as the Germans attempted to collapse the bridgehead. During 15–16 September, the corps liberated
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Army officers from the Second Corps Area and with
Reserve personnel already assigned to the corps headquarters and headquarters company in peacetime. The designated mobilization station was
558:, repelling German counter-attacks against the bridgeheads and gradually clearing Siegfried Line bunkers in the area until 15 February. On 18 February 1945, XII Corps drove on the
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brigades. Desperate fighting continued until 1 October 1944 for the area around
Arracourt, Moyenvic, and Grémecey's forest. Resuming its advance, the corps pushed to the river
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within three weeks. MG Eddy commanded the corps until late April 1945, when his own health problems forced him to turn over command to MG
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camp on 25 March. TF Baum was trapped and destroyed near
Hammelburg on 27 March 1945. On 26 March 1945, the corps assaulted across the
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without involved preparation and caught the
Germans in the area off-guard. From 21 to 27 March, the corps battled for, and seized
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artillery in the dense urban environment. Moving rapidly northeast, the corps bypassed German troop concentrations and conquered
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on 16 December 1944, resulted in the U.S. Third Army being moved northward to attack the southern flank of the German army in
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fell to XII Corps. Against the wishes of MG Eddy, General Patton ordered the XII Corps to dispatch a raiding force (
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changed tactical situation. A combination of German reinforcements and regained cohesion in the German forces (
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U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41
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U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41
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on 7 March. From 7–11 March 1945, the corps mopped up along the west bank of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.
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444:) confronting the U.S. Third Army resulted in dramatically increased German resistance in the region of
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on 27 November 1944. From 1 to 11 December 1944, XII Corps fought for, and liberated the towns of
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within five days. Moving rapidly against disorganized German resistance, the corps rapidly took
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on 20 November 1944. On 24 November, the corps crossed the Sarre River and then liberated
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was taken on 9 November, and the corps battled through firm German resistance to liberate
472:. The advance of XII Corps was met by an armored counterattack of the 5th Panzer Army. At
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After resting and reorganizing for a month, XII Corps opened an offensive to reach the
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308:. Constituted in the Organized Reserves in 1933, it was activated on 29 August 1942 at
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brought a close to combat operations for the XII Corps, as the corps linked up with
708:, the corps crossed into Austria and assaulted across the Danube River southwest of
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in a three-day battle ending on 16 April. Moving rapidly, XII Corps liberated the
667:) paused 12th Army Group's (to which the U.S. Third Army belonged) advance at the
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Assaulting across the Moselle River at Treis on 14 March 1945, the corps seized
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On 7 February 1945, the corps assaulted across the Our and Sauer Rivers between
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on 13 August 1944, XII Corps began driving eastward and liberated the cities of
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For the Twelfth Army Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War, see
460:) was seen as part of Germany and would be defended with bitter determination.
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on 21 March. On 22 March 1945, XII Corps assaulted across the Rhine River at
515:. On 12 December, the corps entered Germany and began operations against the
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on 4–5 May 1945, and began clearing passes in Czechoslovakia for a drive on
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This decision committed XII Corps to an advance to the southeast. Taking
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stash of art treasures and gold in a salt mine at Merkers, and then took
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fell to XII Corps on 28 February 1945. The corps assaulted across the
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869:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 172.
844:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 171.
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In a questionable allocation of allied military strength, Generals
330:, bad health forced MG Cook to relinquish command to Major General
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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424:. By 31 August 1944, XII Corps had seized a bridgehead over the
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on 3 April 1945. On 4 April 1945 XII Corps troops discovered a
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and the Sauer, and then that of the Sauer and Moselle Rivers.
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562:, which it assaulted across on the night of 24–25 February.
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on 25 April 1945. Operating simultaneously in Germany and
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valley. From the German point of view, Lorraine (German:
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miles from the true heart of German resistance, Berlin.
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
312:. XII Corps became operational in France as part of
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53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
921:Military units and formations established in 1942
570:on the night of 2–3 March 1945, and reached the
819:. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
817:Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades
810:U.S. Army in World War II, Chronology 1941–1945
700:concentration camp on 23 April and reached the
812:. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
8:
671:and then committed the U.S. Third Army, the
534:. Turning over its part of the front to the
895:XII Corps: Spearhead of Patton's Third Army
911:Corps of the United States in World War II
246:
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797:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
323:on 1 August 1944. Initially commanded by
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
926:1942 establishments in the United States
476:during 19–20 September 1944, the corps'
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832:
355:and was to be composed of units of the
692:on 11 April 1945, the corps then took
522:Germany's surprise offensive into the
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897:, XII Corps History Association, 1947
808:Williams, Mary H., compiler (1958).
141:Shoulder sleeve insignia of XII Corps
7:
636:(2 April). The corps paused between
351:The XII Corps was authorized by the
51:adding citations to reliable sources
815:Wilson, John B., compiler (1999).
712:on 26 April 1945. The corps seized
769:(1 November 1943 - 18 August 1944)
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783:(20 April 1945 - September, 1945)
762:(September, 1942 - October, 1943)
736:Campaign credits and inactivation
538:, XII Corps moved to the area of
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776:(19 August 1944 - 19 April 1945)
359:located primarily in the Second
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916:Corps of the United States Army
659:(supreme allied commander) and
300:fought from northern France to
38:needs additional citations for
62:"XII Corps" United States
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793:Weigley, Russell F. (1981).
353:National Defense Act of 1920
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273:XIII Corps (United States)
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478:U.S. 4th Armored Division
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250:U.S. Corps (1939–present)
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865:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
840:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
795:Eisenhower's Lieutenants
310:Columbia, South Carolina
268:XI Corps (United States)
206:Third United States Army
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18:XII Corps (Union Army)
480:destroyed two German
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781:Stafford LeRoy Irwin
665:U.S. 12th Army Group
657:Dwight D. Eisenhower
495:on 8 November 1944.
392:Assembling south of
336:Stafford LeRoy Irwin
237:Stafford LeRoy Irwin
47:improve this article
652:the following day.
488:by 9 October 1944.
365:Manhattan, New York
760:William H. Simpson
605:) to liberate the
314:Lieutenant General
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288:Route of march of
186:United States Army
677:French First Army
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628:(28 March),
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216:World War II
202:Part of
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45:Please help
40:verification
37:
698:Flossenburg
572:Rhine River
509:Sarre-Union
505:Saint-Avold
501:Faulquemont
426:Meuse River
212:Engagements
103:August 2024
905:Categories
788:References
753:Commanders
710:Regensburg
669:Elbe River
614:Main River
607:Hammelburg
568:Kyll River
560:PrĂĽm River
556:Echternach
540:Luxembourg
532:Luxembourg
493:Saar River
458:Lothringen
402:Châteaudun
382:New Jersey
361:Corps Area
321:Third Army
229:commanders
222:Commanders
73:newspapers
730:Amstetten
650:Meiningen
599:Darmstadt
591:Oppenheim
576:Andernach
545:Our River
474:Arracourt
470:Lunéville
410:Montargis
298:XII Corps
130:XII Corps
726:Red Army
694:Bayreuth
675:and the
524:Ardennes
434:Lorraine
430:Commercy
378:Camp Dix
259:Previous
150:1921-33
747:Georgia
743:Atlanta
564:Bitburg
552:Vianden
528:Belgium
452:in the
398:Orléans
394:Le Mans
302:Austria
227:Notable
157:Country
152:1933–45
87:scholar
823:
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722:VE Day
718:Prague
690:Coburg
486:Seille
482:Panzer
420:, and
414:Troyes
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174:Branch
147:Active
89:
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68:
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638:Gotha
634:Fulda
626:Hanau
616:into
595:Mainz
587:Worms
466:Nancy
450:Nancy
388:WW II
196:Corps
94:JSTOR
80:books
821:ISBN
799:ISBN
714:Linz
646:Nazi
642:Suhl
640:and
622:Flak
554:and
530:and
511:and
468:and
448:and
446:Metz
406:Sens
400:and
296:The
262:Next
192:Size
66:news
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