77:" (Charnego, in Spanish), to refer to these new Catalans. The term, originally meaning "mongrel", was historically used in southern France to refer to French people mixed with Spanish/Catalan heritage. Upon its introduction in Catalonia, it referred to immigrants from non-Catalan speaking regions of Spain - in other words, a foreigner to Catalonia. Eventually it also took on a linguistic sense referring to those Catalans who do not speak Catalan, without losing its ethnic, and classist connotations. The Catalan language thus became an important criterion to distinguish between "them" (the immigrants) and "us" (the Catalans). Francisco Candel describes the situation in "Los otros catalanes" (1964) and later defines himself as a Charnego in the senate (1979).
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Between 1950 and 1975 a second wave of a million and half immigrants arrived from other less developed parts of Spain, particularly
Andalusia and Extremadura, where hunger and economic hardship was prevalent. These new immigrants represented 44% of the total growth of the Catalan population during
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and new industries such as the car industry with the creation of the SEAT car company and the building of its factory in the free-zone of
Barcelona in 1953. Such industries, the availability of jobs and higher salaries in the Barcelona region would stimulate two decades of immigration from rural
44:) to refer to economic migrants from other regions of Spain. In its modern usage, it refers to Catalans with recent heritage from Spanish-speaking parts of Spain. The word is used solely in the context of internal migration.
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As of 1999 it was estimated that over 60% of
Catalans descended from 20th century migrations from other parts of Spain, and over 1.1 million Catalans are of Andalusian origin alone.
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areas throughout Spain - a phenomenon comparable to other large scale international migrations throughout history due to the volume of people and geographic distances involved.
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95:, is a 1993 film in which the protagonist is a working-class Catalan man who reinvents himself as a charnego to recover his fetishist wife.
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this period. This immigration resulted from the high demand for cheap labour resulting from the new economic policy of "desarrollismo" of
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This wave of immigration led to a new rise in xenophobia in
Catalonia, with the generalization of the derogatory term "
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153:"Más del 60% de la población de Cataluña es fruto de los flujos inmigratorios de este siglo"
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195:"Las aportaciones de la inmigración al proceso de metropolización: el caso de Barcelona"
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Usage of term and discrimination during the 20th century
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or descriptive term used primarily in the 1950s–70s in
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91:, based upon a novel by Barcelonian writer
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221:"Institut d'Estudis Catalans - xarnego"
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127:"Catalans grapple with migrant influx"
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268:Pejorative terms for European people
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151:Costa Pau, Marta (1999-10-01).
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193:Naïk Miret (1 August 2001).
137:– via news.BBC.co.uk.
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253:Catalan words and phrases
273:Discrimination in Spain
21:Catalan pronunciation:
263:Culture of Catalonia
88:The Bilingual Lover
183:Ajeno i Cosp, 1993
129:. 22 November 2017
51:Historical context
25:[ʃərˈnɛɣu]
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225:dlc.iec.cat
133:22 November
247:Categories
205:23 October
170:2021-11-22
113:References
93:Juan Marsé
34:pejorative
165:1134-6582
38:Catalonia
100:See also
30:charnego
157:El País
81:In film
75:xarnego
17:Xarnego
231:15 May
199:ub.edu
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106:Maketo
42:Spain
233:2017
207:2017
161:ISSN
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