593:
162:
550:
530:
111:
540:
137:
890:. The main reproduction period is from March to June and from September to October (according to the table values). It lays usually less than 10 uncalcified egss, but sometimes more (according to the table values). Juveniles are hatching from eggs in less than two weeks (according to the table values). They reach sexual maturity in one year and longevity of this species is 1–2 years.
1619:
737:
of a size in the magnitude of few square meters. There is increasing evidence that such small spots with a favourable microclimate existed in the periglacial area of central Europe and were presumed to have provided refuges for comparatively cold resistant snail species. Southern and eastern
European
736:
seems to have survived in local refugia the reduction of the favourable steppe-like habitat due to climatic extremes during the pleniglacial and interstadial periods, as it is the case today. Pfenninger & Bahl (1997) suggested that snail species with restricted dispersal might survive in habitats
725:
in the fossil record with remarkably short time lags. In other words, the species can be detected in the fossil record very soon after the onset of a suitable climate phase. Research by
Pfenninger et al. (2003) suggested that the origin of the species is in the
694:. The subfossilised shell deposits in southern England and large parts of France are correlated with the widespread occurrence of rather arid cold steppe vegetation formations. These formations are associated with transitional phases of Pleistocene
1548:
Soós, L. (1926). Eine neue
Xerophila aus Deutschland, Xer. geyeri, und anatomische Bemerkungen über Xer. barcinonensis (Bgt.). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 58: 98–106, pl. 5. Frankfurt am Main
1523:
1800:
1772:
1428:
Armbruster M. & Pfenninger M. (2003). "Simulated bottlenecks and loss of rare alleles: implications on the conservation genetics of two gastropod species".
518:
structures, but there can in some cases be hairs and in these cases, after the hairs are gone pits remain on the shel surface especially on the whorl below the
721:
is linked to palaeoclimate changes. The latitudinal shifts of suitable habitat during
Pleistocene across Europe, driven by climate change, were anticipated by
1557:
1605:
Falkner G., Colling M., Kittel K & Strätz C. (2003). "Rote Liste gefährdeter
Schnecken und Muscheln (Mollusca) Bayerns". BayLfU/166/2003: 337–347.
1720:
1075:
Prodrome de malacologie
Franchise. Catalogue general des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusques terrestres, des eaux douces et des eaux saumatres
1129:
Unsere Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Einführung in die
Molluskenfauna Deutschlands. Nebst einem Anhang über das Sammeln der Mollusken (2nd ed.)
868:. In southeastern France it inhabits localities from 900 to 1000 m above sea level, but as anomaly it was found also in 370 m above sea level in
1397:
Pfenninger M., Posada D. & Magnin F. (2003). "Evidence for survival of
Pleistocene climatic changes in Northern refugia by the land snail
1810:
1600:
574:
was described by
Gittenberger (1993): there is no appendage in the genital atrium, that is the distinguishing characteristic of the genus
1245:
1113:
Unsere Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Einführung in die
Molluskenfauna Deutschlands. Nebst einem Anhang über das Sammeln der Mollusken
1681:
1487:
Pfenninger M. & Bahl A. (1997). "Influence of habitat size on the viability of spatially structured populations of the land snail
567:
1493:
485:
1261:
1815:
1759:
865:
738:
703:
1286:
714:
periods resulted in altitudinal and latitudinal shiftings of these formations, as well as in reductions in their extent.
1028:
1623:
1668:
1538:
Bank, R. A.; Neubert, E. (2017). Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. Last update: July 16, 2017
1430:
1777:
1699:
741:
were also supplemented by cryptic sanctuaries in northern Europe during the late Pleistocene in shaping present day
161:
1712:
1047:
833:
can live only in open habitats so it died out in large areas (for example it became extinct in England) when the
314:
299:
1606:
1403:
1225:
808:
1521:(Soós 1926) dans le Sud de la France: un exemple de disjonctions d'aire liée au réchauffement post-glaciere".
1551:
Pfenninger M., Bahl A. & Streit B. (1996). "Isolation by distance in a population of a small land snail
1471:(Soós, 1926) (Pulmonata, Helicidae) in south-eastern France; ecology, biogeography and Quaternary history".
470:
1636:
1673:
935:
910:
699:
604:
256:
1343:
785:
592:
1136:
905:
1132:
1805:
1223:(Soos, 1926) and some conchologically similar taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)".
984:
834:
730:
from where it expanded its range first to Southwest France and subsequently from there to Germany.
584:-sacs near the mucous glands. The flagellum and the epiphallus have approximately the same length.
511:
126:
869:
772:
711:
927:
764:
425:
282:
156:
1011:
466:
273:
812:
691:
522:. The color of the shell is greyish-white sometimes with one or a few brownish spiral bands.
1751:
1566:
1438:
1412:
979:
861:
742:
663:
549:
529:
503:
is 3.4-6.0 mm, usually 3.5–5 mm. The width of the shell is 5.1(5.0)-8.0 mm.
110:
837:
ended and forests started to spread. It had to move to mountains where it survives today.
768:
507:
500:
213:
118:
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539:
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of a much more widespread distribution during more favourable climatic periods in the
1794:
1746:
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970:
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879:
864:
highland plateaus and disturbed pastures, which are thought to constitute ecological
695:
481:
146:
61:
707:
515:
463:
1764:
1733:
1108:
887:
849:
667:
510:. Sometimes there are radial ribs on the surface of the shell forming its shell
477:
438:
347:
223:
36:
1659:
853:
789:
576:
421:
233:
203:
81:
46:
1686:
1442:
1089:
Berthier H. (1884). "Hélices inédites de la série de la striata de Müller".
857:
581:
431:
428:
173:
86:
1570:
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1416:
1653:
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41:
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91:
66:
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183:
1630:
1344:
http://www.mollbase.org/list/index.php?aktion=zeige_taxon&id=848
1327:
Falkner G., Obrdlík P., Castella E. & Speight M. C. D. (2001).
908:
is about 3 m during its one-year lifetime. Its competitor may be
896:
feeds on dead plants, but rarely also on living plants, epilithic
683:
678:
was one of main land snails in the western and southern Europe in
591:
548:
538:
528:
1509:
Magnin F. (1989). "Les distributions pléistocène et actuelle de
901:
1634:
1591:(Nevill, 1880) dans la marge Sud-Ouest du Massif central. ".
1155:
Kerney M. P., Cameron R. A. D. & Jungbluth J. H. (1983).
1050:(1881). "Testarum novarum praesertim europaearum diagnoses".
948:
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.
717:
The fossil record suggests that the population history of
607:, patchy distribution. Today, the species range is mainly
1052:
Bulletin de Sciences de la Société Philomatique de Paris
506:
The shell is globular in its shape. The shell has 4.5-5
752:
are summarized in Magnin (1989) and they also include:
1349:]. Molluscs of central Europe. accessed 14 April 2010.
960:
Falkner, G.; Falkner, M.; von Proschwitz, T. (2011).
658:
Fossil evidence suggests that current populations of
1595:, Bulletin de la Malacologie Continentale Française
1215:
1213:
1211:
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1207:
1205:
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1323:
1321:
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860:with a sparse vegetation cover on mountaintops,
1575:Prié V. (2005) "Synthèse sur la répartition de
1331:. München: Friedrich-Held-Gesellschaft, 267 pp.
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
698:, covering parts of Europe even during maximal
1555:: Evidence from direct and indirect methods".
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1401:(Soós 1926) (Helicellinae, Stylommatophora)".
985:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156798A4999174.en
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
580:Monterosato, 1892. There are two rudimentary
8:
1524:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
1494:Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie
1004:
1002:
1631:
1558:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
135:
109:
20:
1157:Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas
983:
499:is a small land snail. The height of the
1159:. Hamburg, Berlin: Paul Parey. page 251.
458:was originally described under the name
952:
702:thus providing the potential for local
852:species and it is found today in open
1293:. AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2010.
1282:
1280:
1278:
1252:. AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2010.
7:
1801:IUCN Red List data deficient species
1713:a1f7d78b-2314-4f4c-a262-f89225aa7146
1329:Shelled Gastropoda of Western Europe
922:Species with similar shell include:
807:, France in the end of Pliocene and
674:fossils are relatively abundant and
476:is in honor of the German zoologist
1022:, und anatomische Bemerkungen über
971:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
690:shells has been reported since the
14:
640:of Germany: critically endangered
1617:
619:. Verified recent localities of
486:Natural History Museum of Geneva
160:
1431:Journal for Nature Conservation
1115:: i-vi, 1-85, i-xii. Stuttgart.
1:
1561:Series B-Biological Sciences
1232:(19): 303-320. Figures 1-29.
1811:Gastropods described in 1926
1219:Gittenberger E. (1993). "On
1131:: i-viii, 1-155. Stuttgart.
1077:: i-vi, 1-462. Lyon, Paris.
784:, south-western England in
603:lives in Europe, showing a
1832:
1475:(Spec. issue 2): 291-295.
686:deposits, the presence of
1272:, accessed 11 April 2010.
1091:Bull. Soc. Malacol France
1029:Archiv für Molluskenkunde
763:in interglacial periods:
469:(1879-1972) in 1926. The
288:
281:
262:
255:
157:Scientific classification
155:
133:
124:
117:
108:
23:
1404:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1226:Zoologische Mededelingen
32:early Pleistocene–Recent
1587:(Bourguignat, 1874) et
1443:10.1078/1617-1381-00019
748:Localities with fossil
643:Switzerland: endangered
514:. There are usually no
1571:10.1098/rspb.1996.0178
636:Germany. It is on the
597:
554:
544:
534:
441:. It is also known as
1628:at Wikimedia Commons
1589:Pagodulina austeniana
1417:10.1186/1471-2148-3-8
1287:"Species summary for
978:: e.T156798A4999174.
936:Candidula unifasciata
911:Candidula unifasciata
856:or loessic grass and
595:
552:
542:
532:
1816:Gastropods of Europe
1708:Fauna Europaea (new)
1585:Argna ferrari blanci
350:, 1896 (part.); 1909
16:Species of gastropod
1565:(1374): 1211–1217.
1467:Magnin F. (1993). "
1014:(1926). "Eine neue
835:last glacial period
743:species composition
706:. Both Pleistocene
654:Fossil distribution
568:reproductive system
297:Helix arceuthophila
127:Conservation status
1583:(Jeffreys, 1833),
1581:Vertigo substriata
1024:Xer. barcinonensis
928:Helicopsis striata
906:dispersal capacity
765:Bramertonian Stage
598:
555:
545:
535:
484:are stored in the
480:(1855-1932). The
1788:
1787:
1645:Xerocrassa geyeri
1637:Taxon identifiers
1625:Xerocrassa geyeri
1622:Media related to
1577:Xerocrassa geyeri
1553:Trochoidea geyeri
1489:Trochoidea geyeri
1469:Trochoidea geyeri
1399:Trochoidea geyeri
1347:Xerocrassa geyeri
1289:Xerocrassa geyeri
1264:Xerocrassa geyeri
1221:Trochoidea geyeri
1127:Geyer D. (1909).
1018:aus Deutschland,
964:Xerocrassa geyeri
894:Xerocrassa geyeri
876:Xerocrassa geyeri
846:Xerocrassa geyeri
831:Xerocrassa geyeri
813:Early Pleistocene
792:about 3070 ± 103
750:Xerocrassa geyeri
734:Xerocrassa geyeri
723:Xerocrassa geyeri
719:Xerocrassa geyeri
700:glacial expansion
692:early Pleistocene
688:Xerocrassa geyeri
676:Xerocrassa geyeri
672:Xerocrassa geyeri
660:Xerocrassa geyeri
621:Xerocrassa geyeri
615:and the south of
601:Xerocrassa geyeri
572:Xerocrassa geyeri
559:
558:
497:Xerocrassa geyeri
492:Shell description
462:by the Hungarian
456:Xerocrassa geyeri
444:Trochoidea geyeri
420:of air-breathing
413:Xerocrassa geyeri
409:
408:
380:Trochoidea geyeri
266:Xerocrassa geyeri
150:
25:Xerocrassa geyeri
1823:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1765:NHMSYS0020528324
1755:
1754:
1742:
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1325:
1294:
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1259:
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1248:Xerophila geyeri
1243:
1237:
1217:
1160:
1153:
1140:
1139:, figures 21a-b.
1126:
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997:
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957:
786:Late Postglacial
756:United Kingdom:
525:
524:
460:Xerophila geyeri
360:Helicella geyeri
354:Xerophila geyeri
331:Helix pleurestha
308:J. Mabille, 1881
268:
165:
164:
144:
139:
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113:
103:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
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1543:Further reading
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769:Cromerian Stage
680:glacial periods
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543:apertural view.
494:
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312:Helix vicianica
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214:Stylommatophora
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1695:Fauna Europaea
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1613:External links
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904:. Its active
886:is obligately
880:hermaphroditic
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1266:(Soos, 1926)"
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1064:
1061:
1057:
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1049:
1041:
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1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
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1003:
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986:
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923:
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884:fertilisation
881:
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867:
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824:
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795:
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766:
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759:southeastern
758:
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731:
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629:
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605:discontinuous
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471:specific name
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385:Helix llopisi
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26:
22:
19:
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1522:
1518:
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1510:
1505:
1497:
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1488:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1437:(2): 77-81.
1434:
1429:
1424:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1346:
1336:
1328:
1288:
1263:
1257:
1247:
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1229:
1224:
1220:
1156:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1101:
1093:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1035:(2): 96-106.
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
989:. Retrieved
975:
969:
963:
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947:
934:
926:
921:
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893:
892:
882:species and
875:
874:
870:Mont Vertoux
845:
844:
830:
829:
811:, France in
773:Late-Glacial
749:
747:
733:
732:
722:
718:
716:
712:pleniglacial
708:interstadial
687:
675:
671:
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620:
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596:Distribution
588:Distribution
575:
571:
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516:periostracal
505:
496:
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473:
464:malacologist
459:
455:
454:
443:
442:
412:
411:
410:
401:Gasull, 1981
398:
394:
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387:Gasull, 1981
384:
379:
376:(Soós, 1926)
373:
369:
365:
362:(Soós, 1926)
359:
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24:
18:
1734:iNaturalist
1341:(in German)
1125:(in German)
1106:(in German)
1087:(in French)
1068:(in French)
1020:Xer. geyeri
1009:(in German)
991:11 November
888:outcrossing
850:xerophilous
668:Pleistocene
611:: parts of
533:apical view
478:David Geyer
439:Geomitridae
426:terrestrial
325:Helix deana
315:Bourguignat
224:Geomitridae
1806:Xerocrassa
1795:Categories
1530:: 779-786.
1515:Xeroclausa
1511:Trochoidea
1500:: 469-473.
1096:: 353-356.
1058:: 122-130.
1048:Mabille J.
1045:(in Latin)
944:References
858:scrublands
854:calcareous
790:Bronze Age
577:Xerocrassa
467:Lajos Soós
422:land snail
395:Xerocrassa
391:Trochoidea
370:Xeroclausa
366:Trochoidea
356:Soós, 1926
300:J. Mabille
235:Xerocrassa
204:Gastropoda
1599:: 13–16.
1071:Locard A.
1026:(Bgt.)".
1016:Xerophila
805:Côte-d'Or
623:include:
512:sculpture
432:gastropod
429:pulmonate
341:Xerophila
242:Species:
180:Kingdom:
174:Eukaryota
1660:Q3203079
1654:Wikidata
1111:(1896).
1109:Geyer D.
1073:(1882).
918:See also
823:Charente
818:Normandy
809:Burgundy
801:France:
782:Cornwall
778:Gwithian
728:Provence
638:Red List
630:, Sweden
451:Taxonomy
283:Synonyms
220:Family:
194:Mollusca
190:Phylum:
184:Animalia
170:Domain:
147:IUCN 3.1
1778:1747747
1726:4565400
1137:Table 3
1012:Soós L.
900:and on
898:lichens
866:refuges
862:karstic
841:Ecology
796:(1993).
771:and in
761:England
739:refugia
704:refugia
664:relicts
633:Belgium
628:Gotland
613:Germany
562:Anatomy
435:mollusk
418:species
399:llopisi
345:striata
276:, 1926)
230:Genus:
210:Order:
200:Class:
145: (
98:↓
1752:156798
1739:115097
1700:429154
1687:291394
1674:904268
1593:MalaCo
1519:geyeri
1407:2003,
646:France
617:France
508:whorls
474:geyeri
374:geyeri
321:, 1882
319:Locard
302:, 1881
1682:EUNIS
1411:: 8.
902:algae
684:loess
682:. In
670:era.
649:Spain
501:shell
416:is a
348:Geyer
337:Helix
119:Shell
1773:NCBI
1747:IUCN
1721:GBIF
1669:BOLD
993:2021
976:2011
767:and
710:and
662:are
582:dart
566:The
520:apex
424:, a
291:List
274:Soós
37:PreꞒ
1760:NBN
1607:PDF
1601:PDF
1567:doi
1563:263
1491:".
1477:PDF
1439:doi
1413:doi
1234:PDF
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980:doi
878:is
848:is
788:in
780:in
570:of
317:in
1797::
1775::
1762::
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1736::
1723::
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1684::
1671::
1656::
1517:)
1498:27
1450:^
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393:(
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272:(
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92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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