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The wax is applied with a batik pen and the design is completed square by square. Many distinct geometric patterns exist, and they are passed on from mother to daughter. The material is pleated by running a sharp-edged stone along the pleat lines on alternate sides of the cloth, and sewing the poles into place at the waistband. These skirts and many other items of Hmong clothing are also embroidered. Embroidery and applique is a social activity, a time for women to sit together and exchange views and news.
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1202:"Secret Army", commanded by Hmong General Vang Pao. Hmong villages were relocated in free-fire zones, and many died during these evacuations or due to fighting. When the communists came to power in 1975, tens of thousands of Hmong fled to Thailand or emigrated to the US. Today, remittances from the diaspora are a major economic factor in the province, fueling significant construction activity.
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are organized by clan. The rectangular houses are on beaten soil and have one room without windows. The walls are made of vertical wood planks and bamboo and a thatched roof. Hmong are known for their knowledge of the forest, herbal medicines, and expertise in raising animals. Their agricultural system is based on rain-fed slope cultivation with
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1292:(1955โ1975), the ruins of a stone wall with brick archways, relics of French colonial rule of over this part of Laos and from the whole country, a large statue of Buddha, broken pillars and short sections of walls remain to this day and are still clearly visible as well as accessible. Once buried in the thick tropical forest, the That Foun
1183:. The Khmu are well known for their skill at making baskets, fish traps, and other objects from bamboo. Their material culture, their tools, utensils, baskets and netbags reflect their continued reliance on the forest. Growing rice, hunting, gathering forest products and producing handicrafts provide some cash income. They distill
662:(NBCA) which covers an area of 5,959 km in Xiangkhouang, Houaphanh, and Luang Prabang provinces. The park consists mainly of mountains and hills, with elevations ranging between 336 and 2257 metres. The area is the source of many rivers. It is named after the Nam Et River and Phou Louey ("Forever") Mountain.
1311:
A secret tunnel was constructed below the hills of the Phu Kheng Jar Quarry Site during the Second
Indochina War. The tunnel is 70 metres (230 ft) in length and 1.6 metres (5 ft 3 in) in height. Reinforced-concrete bunkers with night-camps are visible nearby. Unexploded ordnance can be
1221:
Hmong women are renowned for their embroidery and weaving. Traditionally, clothes are made from hemp and cotton. Batik, used only by Green Hmong for their distinctive skirts, is a very long process. Before dying, the cloth the pattern is marked with wax. The wax is then removed to reveal the pattern.
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Hmong live in forested mountains between 800 and 1,500 meters elevation, and in Laos they are categorized as Lao Soung ("highland people") although today there are more and more villages located in the lowlands. Hmong villages typically range in size from 15 to over 60 houses; they are not fenced and
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linguistic family, the Khmu are one of the largest ethnic groups in Laos. They settled in the area several thousand years ago. The Khmu rapidly acculturated and there is now little in their clothing that distinguishes them from the surrounding Lao, although they speak a completely different language.
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Tai Dam settled in upland valleys near streams and irrigable and accessible plains scattered among Lao and Phuan villages. They built rectangular symmetric houses on pilings, with a rice granary under the house. Villages are composed of 15ยฌ60 houses and are not fenced. The people subsist on wet rice,
1140:
family, by far the most significant language in Laos, spoken by 60% of the national population. The Tai Dam migrated from northern
Vietnam to Laos 80โ300 years ago. They are not Buddhists. Instead, they practice a form of ancestor and spirit worship. Tai Dam are well known producers of fine quality
1205:
The Hmong accounts for 6-10% of the total population of Laos, and remain most numerous and concentrated in eastern
Xiangkhouang. In the province the White Hmong, the Striped Hmong, and the Green Hmong can be distinguished. The easiest way to differentiate these groups is by looking at the women's
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Hmong New Year celebrations in
December, starting from the 15th day of the ascending moon, are accompanied by numerous activities including top-spinning competitions, dances, songs, and bull fights. It is one of the main occasions for finding a wife or a husband. The young men and women toss the
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Hmong people migrated from China to Laos between 1800 and 1900. Having a strong desire for independence, they rebelled against
Chinese attempts to control and settle them and fled in successive waves southwards. During the Lao Civil war in the 1960s and 1970s, Hmong were recruited by the CIA's
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Their religion is a form of shamanistic animism with a cult of ancestors and spirits, and a belief in three souls. Certain spirits protect the people within the village boundaries, while others maintain their influence over the plant and animal kingdom outside the village.
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Apart from floodplains, the largest expanse of level land in the country is on the province's
Xiangkhoang Plateau. This area is characterized by rolling hills and grassland whose elevation averages 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The country's highest peak,
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stone jars used for funerary purposes. The jars range from 1โ3 metres (3 ft 3 in โ 9 ft 10 in) in height. They are found throughout the province in clusters containing from one to several hundred jars each. The jars date from the
1028:(UXO) to make spoons to be sold as souvenirs. The scrap metal is checked for safety beforehand by UXO Lao. This community-based project provides income for the villagers. As of 2012, three minor accidents involving UXO had been reported.
379:, the largest area of level land in the country is on the province's Xiangkhoang Plateau. The plateau is characterized by rolling hills and grassland whose elevation averages 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The country's highest peak,
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Khmu houses are built on stilts. Each village has a communal house where men gather for political discussions, or work together on basket making and other crafts. Like many ethnic groups in Lao the Khmu practice their own form of
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silk and cotton textiles and some women export to overseae markets. Older Tai Dam women still wear the traditional blue indigo cotton shirt, skirt, and black turban woven with colored patterns. They produce rice alcohol, called
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stone jars of the Plain of Jars (with prehistoric material dating back to 2,000 BCE, while the Iron Age period of 500 BCE and the more recent 500โ80 CE period dominating archaeological finds) representing burial grounds.
1287:
Muang Khoun was the capital of the ancient Phuan
Kingdom of the 14th century. It is southeast of Phonsavan. At the Wat Phia Wat Temple, destroyed during the conflicts of the First Indochina War (1946โ1954) and the
1240:
The tourism department of Laos has listed 63 notable landmarks in the province. 32 are natural sites, 18 are cultural sites, and 13 are historical sites. Of these, some of the important sites are the following:
1232:, a small fabric ball, as part of a courting ritual which can go on for hours. During the festivities, Hmong women wear their traditional dresses, adorned with intricate embroidery and silver jewelry.
1272:(ha). The largest jar found here is 2.5 m x 2.5 m, while the rest are half this size. One jar has decorations on it. The megalithic jar sites of Xiangkhouang were inscribed on UNESCO's list of
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The ruins of Wat Phia Wat Temple and its large Buddha statue (which survived and remains to this day), which was almost completely destroyed during the First and Second
Indochina Wars
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mounds of war scrap can be seen buried in tableware. During the 1980s, eight families came together and assembled bits and pieces of aluminum from damaged, crashed or shot-down
330:
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1320:(MAG). The Visitor Information Centre established by the MAG in Phonsavan provides information on the history of the aerial bombardment campaigns in this part of Laos.
1308:) in mounds of melted metal, lack, wood and ash. Such war debris and wreckage can be found scattered between the Lang Waterfall and Jar Site 3 of the Plain of Jars.
450:("Muang Puan Chronicles"), they were the first people who migrated in the 13th century from China to settle this province, forming the independent principality of
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Xiangkhouang province covers an area of 15,880 square kilometres (6,130 sq mi) and has a largely mountainous topography. The province borders
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invasions in 1777โ1779, 1834โ1836, and 1875โ1876 sought to resettle the Phuan population into regions under firm
Siamese control. In subsequent years,
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techniques. They live on rice, corn and vegetable production, swine and poultry husbandry, gathering, hunting, embroidery, and basket work.
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643:, at 2,700 m elevation, is the highest peak in the province, and the highest in Laos. The capital city is at an elevation of about 1,000 m
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until 1975, when the Pathet Lao emerged victorious and seized power over all of Laos. Xiangkhouang was the Lao province most bombed by the
174:
1312:
found in large quantities in this
Laotian province, and these are all in the process of being cleared and removed under the aegis of the
1296:, dating back some 450 years, can be seen near the road outside Phonsavan. In an ethnic village of the Phuan, to the south of Phonsavan,
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1056:. Their traditional houses, dresses, beliefs and rituals are part of the cultural heritage of Laos. There are also minorities of
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The province is composed of eight districts which cover a total land area of 15,880 square kilometres (6,130 sq mi).
632:(2,820 metres (9,250 ft)), rises at the southern side of the plateau, while the Plain of Jars is at the plateau's centre.
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Xiangkhouang province covers an area of 15,880 square kilometres (6,130 sq mi) and is mountainous. Apart from
1374:
533:
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951:
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357:, in the nation's northeast. The province has the distinction of being the most heavily-bombed place on Earth.
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458:) as its capital. They established a prosperous overland trade in metals and forest products with
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to the southwest. The capital is Phonsavan. Xiangkhouang and Vientiane provinces are part of the
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1960:
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580:. During the wars, most of the 16thโ19th century temples were completely destroyed, with only
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revolutionaries from China repeatedly looted both Xiangkhouang province and neighboring
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647:(AMSL), with Kham District in a low-laying basin at an elevation of about 600 m AMSL.
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Tragic Legacy: Profound Mystery โ The Unknown Story of Xieng Khouang by Mike Matsuno
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430:' people is unknown, the recorded history of Xiangkhouang is interlinked with the
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1522:
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Tai-Lao ethnic group that migrated to Laos from southern China. According to the
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1954:
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Lao People's Democratic Republic: Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (EPub)
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1061:
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907:
698:
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541:
479:
451:
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35:
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1004:
466:; the Xieng Khouang Plateau was the center of trade for a large area of upland
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391:(NBCA) in the province, covering an area of 5,959 km, and overlaps into
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1956:
A Great Place to Have a War; America in Laos and the Birth of a Military CIA
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2003:"Laos: Thousands suffering from the deadly aftermath of US bomb campaign"
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Nam EtโPhou Louey National Protected Area / Wildlife Conservation Society
1268:(500 BCEโ500 CE). Nearest to Phonsavan is Jar Site 1, with an area of 25
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722:
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434:. As an ancient civilization, its prehistory is linked to the enigmatic
383:(2,820 metres (9,250 ft)), rises at the south side of the plateau.
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1893:
1626:
Common Property in the Mekong: Issues of Sustainability and Subsistence
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932: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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aircraft, as well as aircraft from US-aligned air forces (such as the
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Provincial Tourism Department Xieng Khouang, A Guide to Xieng Khouang
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of the 1960s and 1970s, the province was a major battleground in the
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372:. The population of the province as of the 2015 census was 244,684.
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1293:
1278:
1243:
1065:
1013:
1003:
726:
718:
690:
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350:
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Cranmer, Jeff; Martin, Steven; Coxon, Kirby (1 November 2002).
901:
29:
1016:-producing area of Laos. The centre for trade and tourism is
1775:. International Monetary Fund. 21 October 2008. p. 54.
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and Vietnamese, as well as some international workers from
505:
In the mid-14th century, Muang Phuan was subsumed into the
1036:
Xiangkhouang is home to five different ethnic groups: the
1145:
that is consumed socially and used for ritual purposes.
360:
Historically, the province was formerly the independent
1650:
Mansfield, Stephen; Koh, Magdalene (1 September 2008).
454:
on the Plain of Jars, with Xieng Khouang (contemporary
1894:"Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang โ Plain of Jars"
1451:"Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang โ Plain of Jars"
1350:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
568:, who was born in the province. As a result of this
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2525:
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2429:
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2265:
1149:vegetables, poultry, weaving, sewing and hunting.
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254:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1721:"The Ecology of Dholes in a Zoned Reserve in Laos"
1024:near Phonsavan, villagers re-use scrap metal from
1375:"Base Map:Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR"
1255:The province's most distinctive landmark is the
669:, and a number of endangered species including
349:, meaning 'Horizontal City') is a province of
2406:
2243:
2103:
1524:The Lao Kingdom of Lฤn Xฤng: Rise and Decline
1401:"The Plain of Jars: A place of war and death"
8:
1983:"A Look Back at the CIA's Dirty War in Laos"
1888:
1886:
1749:"Nam EtโPhou Louey National Protected Area"
1743:
1741:
1156:once founded the kingdom of the same name.
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2110:
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992:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:
870:
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819:
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635:The province is 400 km northeast of
191:Location of Xiangkhouang province in Laos
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1684:
1682:
1680:
747:
422:Plain of Jars, women and girls of Houang
2077:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1924:The Lao National Tourism Administration
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660:National Biodiversity Conservation Area
389:National Biodiversity Conservation Area
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1259:. The "jars" are 2,100 tubular-shaped
532:In the 1890s, the province came under
258:14,751 km (5,695 sq mi)
1865:Tourism Marketing Department, Lao PDR
1694:Tourism Marketing Department, Lao PDR
1629:. The World Fish Center. p. 62.
1484:Tourism Marketing Department, Lao PDR
560:in support of royalist forces led by
274:
266:
253:
183:
7:
2125:
1170:Part of the Mon-Khmer branch of the
930:adding citations to reliable sources
442:The Tai Phuan or Phuan people are a
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2001:Fagotto, Matteo (31 January 2015).
1981:Lehmann, Jean-Pierre (March 2017).
1112:Phuan girls in traditional clothing
1623:Ahmed, M.; Hirsch, Philip (2000).
1012:Xiangkhouang province is the main
584:temple having partially survived.
25:
1755:. 1 December 2012. Archived from
1656:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 9.
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2196:
2180:
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2159:
2142:
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1719:Kamler, Jan (10 November 2010).
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320:
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173:
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34:
2118:Places adjacent to Xiangkhouang
917:needs additional citations for
45:needs additional citations for
1:
2197:
2143:
1861:"Highlights in Xieng Khouang"
1804:"War Spoon Village Ban Napia"
1399:Gilhooly, Rob (5 July 2000).
665:The area has a high level of
2168:
2160:
2046:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2035:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1953:Kurlantzick, Joshua (2017).
1898:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
179:Map of Xiangkhouang province
2883:
1826:"Mekong Lao Phuan Profile"
1806:. Tabeaglahs.wordpress.com
1194:
1163:
1121:
538:1893 Franco-Siamese crisis
408:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2842:
2279:
2123:
1561:. Rough Guides. pp.
1100:Bullfight, Hmong New Year
1008:A spoon seller, Ban Napia
888:
871:
854:
837:
820:
803:
786:
766:
368:. Its present capital is
196:
184:
172:
160:
151:
2844:denotes provincial seat.
1959:. Simon & Schuster.
1690:"Xieng Khouang Overview"
1598:Lao Tourism Organization
733:Administrative divisions
426:While the origin of the
143:
1920:"Xiengkhouang Province"
1594:"Xiengkhouang Province"
1480:"Xieng Khouang History"
1302:United States Air Force
558:United States Air Force
448:Pongsawadan Meuang Puan
2565:Luang Prabang province
2154:Luang Prabang province
2065:This article contains
1725:The Rufford Foundation
1284:
1252:
1009:
616:to the southeast, and
602:Luang Prabang province
597:
570:extensive air campaign
470:, extending as far as
423:
216:19.41667ยฐN 103.50000ยฐE
2862:Xiangkhouang province
2796:Xiangkhouang province
2527:Luang Namtha province
2165:Xiangkhouang province
1527:. White Lotus Press.
1354:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1282:
1251:archaeological site 1
1247:
1152:The ancestors of the
1007:
725:and three species of
595:
421:
279:18/km (47/sq mi)
141:Xiangkhouang province
18:Xiangkhouang province
2259:Subdivisions of Laos
2215:Bolikhamxai province
1604:on 12 September 2012
1318:Mines Advisory Group
1274:World Heritage Sites
1020:. In the village of
926:improve this article
703:white-cheeked gibbon
645:above mean sea level
614:Bolikhamsai province
542:Second Indochina War
534:French colonial rule
406:was designated as a
276: โข Density
54:improve this article
2729:Sainyabuli province
1426:"Provinces of Laos"
1330:Ban Phou Pheung Noi
1306:Royal Lao Air Force
1026:unexploded ordnance
743:Xaisomboun province
509:kingdom under King
355:Xiangkhoang Plateau
221:19.41667; 103.50000
212: /
2681:Phongsaly province
2474:Houaphanh province
2208:Vientiane province
2132:Houaphanh province
1519:Stuart-Fox, Martin
1290:Second Vietnam War
1285:
1253:
1010:
866:Phou Kout District
618:Vientiane province
608:to the northeast,
606:Houaphanh province
604:to the northwest,
598:
552:and the communist
500:northeastern India
496:North Cachar Hills
424:
268: โข Total
255: โข Total
2867:Provinces of Laos
2849:
2848:
2633:Oudomxay province
2388:
2387:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2073:rendering support
1966:978-1-451-66786-8
1930:on 29 August 2012
1782:978-1-4527-9182-1
1663:978-0-7614-3035-3
1636:978-971-802-008-1
1572:978-1-85828-905-2
1187:("jar alcohol").
1002:
1001:
994:
976:
895:
894:
815:Nong Het District
745:in January 2006.
656:Nam Et-Phou Louey
548:, fought between
546:Laotian Civil War
523:Taiping Rebellion
385:Nam Et-Phou Louey
336:
335:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2874:
2424:of Northern Laos
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2285:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2200:
2199:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2176:Nghแป An province
2171:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2146:
2145:
2126:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2079: instead of
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2060:
2042:
2031:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1926:. Archived from
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1867:. Archived from
1857:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1828:. Archived from
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1759:on 4 April 2012.
1745:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:. Archived from
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1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1600:. Archived from
1590:
1584:
1583:
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1541:
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1497:
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1486:. Archived from
1476:
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849:Mok May District
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823:
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806:
805:
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771:
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739:Thathom District
683:Asian golden cat
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27:Province of Laos
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2086:
2085:
2084:
2071:Without proper
2062:
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2024:
2011:
2009:
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1991:
1989:
1980:
1971:
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1947:Further reading
1944:
1943:
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1901:
1892:
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1884:
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1832:on 25 June 2009
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923:
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883:Phaxay District
832:Khoune District
735:
679:clouded leopard
653:
651:Protected areas
590:
550:royalist forces
521:and fleeing ex-
416:
402:The province's
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2134:
2129:
2124:
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2115:
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2107:
2100:
2092:
2075:, you may see
2063:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2036:
2023:
2022:External links
2020:
2019:
2018:
1998:
1978:
1965:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1911:
1882:
1871:on 28 May 2013
1843:
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1700:on 1 July 2014
1676:
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1490:on 1 July 2014
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1314:United Kingdom
1276:in July 2019.
1237:
1234:
1212:slash-and-burn
1195:Main article:
1192:
1189:
1172:Austro-Asiatic
1164:Main article:
1161:
1158:
1136:belong to the
1124:Tai Dam people
1122:Main article:
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622:Nam Ngum River
589:
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536:following the
488:Khorat Plateau
468:Southeast Asia
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2335:Luang Prabang
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2045:
2044:Plain of Jars
2041:
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2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2004:
1999:
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1984:
1979:
1968:
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1262:
1258:
1257:Plain of Jars
1250:
1249:Plain of Jars
1246:
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1230:
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1074:North America
1071:
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1032:Ethnic groups
1031:
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974:
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967:
964:
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957:
953:
950:
946:
943: โ
942:
938:
937:Find sources:
931:
927:
921:
920:
915:This section
913:
909:
904:
903:
897:
886:
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881:
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827:
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813:
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799:
798:Kham District
796:
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784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
770:
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750:
749:
746:
744:
741:was moved to
740:
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631:
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623:
619:
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612:to the east,
611:
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579:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:. During the
539:
535:
530:
528:
527:Luang Prabang
524:
520:
516:
512:
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503:
501:
497:
493:
490:in northeast
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
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453:
449:
445:
440:
437:
433:
429:
428:Plain of Jars
420:
413:
411:
409:
405:
404:Plain of Jars
400:
398:
397:Luang Prabang
394:
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305:
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302:ISO 3166 code
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197:Coordinates:
188:
176:
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132:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2020
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: โ
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2555:Viengphoukha
2380:Xiangkhouang
2330:Luang Namtha
2164:
2064:
2010:. Retrieved
2007:The Guardian
2006:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:
1970:. Retrieved
1955:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1923:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1864:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1771:
1765:
1757:the original
1752:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1693:
1667:. Retrieved
1652:
1645:
1625:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1597:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1557:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1523:
1513:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1483:
1455:. Retrieved
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1369:
1359:13 September
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1310:
1297:
1286:
1254:
1239:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:Hmong people
1184:
1177:
1169:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:Tai language
1127:
1035:
1011:
988:
979:
969:
962:
955:
948:
936:
924:Please help
919:verification
916:
780:Pek District
736:
667:biodiversity
664:
654:
634:
626:
599:
582:Wat Phia Wat
531:
519:Haw invaders
504:
447:
441:
425:
401:
374:
362:principality
359:
339:Xiangkhouang
338:
337:
145:เปเบเบงเบ เบเบฝเบเบเบงเบฒเบ
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2360:Savannakhet
2310:Bolikhamsai
2012:18 November
1992:18 November
1987:Forbes Asia
1972:18 November
1875:18 November
1810:11 December
1578:11 December
1540:18 November
1166:Khmu people
1088:Hmong girls
1062:South Korea
982:August 2022
855:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเปเบญเบเปเปเป
821:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเปเบญเบเปเบฎเบ
782:(Phonsavan)
699:Sambar deer
687:marbled cat
624:watershed.
574:Muong Khoun
480:Samrong Sen
456:Muang Khoun
452:Muang Phuan
399:provinces.
377:floodplains
366:Muang Phuan
219: /
2856:Categories
2777:Thongmyxay
2772:Sainyabuli
2623:Xiengngeun
2613:Phoukhoune
2502:Viengthong
2487:Houameuang
2464:Ton Pheung
2375:Xaisomboun
2350:Sainyabuli
2325:Khammouane
2266:Prefecture
2081:Lao script
1934:6 December
1788:6 December
1704:6 December
1669:3 December
1608:3 December
1494:6 December
1435:1 November
1384:4 December
1336:References
1261:megalithic
952:newspapers
872:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเบเบนเบเบนเบ
761:Lao script
711:black bear
554:Pathet Lao
494:, and the
436:megalithic
263:Population
207:103ยฐ30โฒ0โณE
80:newspapers
2834:Phou Kout
2782:Xienghone
2709:Phongsali
2689:Boun Neua
2618:Viengkham
2459:Pha Oudom
2422:Districts
2370:Vientiane
2345:Phongsaly
2320:Houaphanh
2315:Champasak
2273:Vientiane
2033:Phonsavan
1236:Landmarks
1206:dresses.
1154:Tai Phuan
1134:Tai Phuan
1130:Tai Daeng
1128:Tai Dam,
1042:Tai Daeng
1022:Ban Napia
1018:Phonsavan
889:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเบเบฒเปเบ
637:Vientiane
596:Phonsavan
588:Geography
578:Phonsavan
432:Tai Phuan
410:in 2019.
393:Houaphanh
370:Phonsavan
285:Time zone
244:Phonsavan
204:19ยฐ25โฒ0โณN
2819:Nong Het
2747:Kenethao
2714:Samphanh
2694:Boun Tay
2666:Pak Beng
2603:Pak Seng
2573:Chomphet
2517:Xiengkho
2512:Xam Neua
2507:Viengxay
2449:Nam Nhou
2439:Houayxay
2340:Oudomxay
2292:Province
2067:Lao text
1904:24 April
1521:(1998).
1457:24 April
1453:. UNESCO
1430:Statoids
1324:See also
1298:Ban Napi
1270:hectares
1266:Iron Age
838:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเบเบนเบ
787:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเปเบเบ
723:hornbill
707:sun bear
641:Phou Bia
630:Phou Bia
566:Vang Pao
564:general
507:Lan Xang
492:Thailand
484:Cambodia
444:Buddhist
381:Phou Bia
154:Province
2814:Mok May
2762:Parklai
2608:Phonxay
2583:Nam Bak
2497:Sop Bao
2454:Pak Tha
2355:Salavan
2300:Attapeu
2188:Vietnam
1316:-based
1229:makkono
1185:lao hai
1181:animism
1143:lao lao
1118:Tai Dam
1038:Tai Dam
966:scholar
898:Economy
804:เปเบกเบทเบญเบเบเบณ
675:leopard
610:Vietnam
515:Siamese
511:Fa Ngum
476:Vietnam
472:Da Nang
414:History
353:on the
347:เบเบฝเบเบเบงเบฒเบ
271:267,172
240:Capital
232:Country
94:scholar
2829:Phaxay
2809:Khoune
2767:Phiang
2742:Hongsa
2737:Botene
2719:Yot Ou
2598:Pak Ou
2545:Namtha
2492:Samtay
2365:Sekong
2185:
1963:
1836:17 May
1779:
1730:16 May
1660:
1633:
1569:
1531:
1410:16 May
1379:UNOSAT
1070:Europe
1052:, and
968:
961:
954:
947:
939:
486:, the
315:(2017)
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2757:Ngeun
2699:Khoua
2656:Na Mo
2646:Houne
2540:Na Le
2444:Meung
2305:Bokeo
1294:stupa
1191:Hmong
1066:Japan
1054:Hmong
1046:Phuan
1014:maize
973:JSTOR
959:books
879:09-07
862:09-06
845:09-05
828:09-04
811:09-03
794:09-02
776:09-01
757:Name
754:Code
727:otter
719:dhole
691:civet
671:tiger
658:is a
562:Hmong
464:China
460:India
387:is a
324:0.720
306:LA-XI
290:UTC+7
101:JSTOR
87:books
2804:Kham
2752:Khop
2641:Beng
2593:Ngoy
2588:Nane
2550:Sing
2535:Long
2014:2020
1994:2020
1974:2020
1961:ISBN
1936:2012
1906:2021
1900:. UN
1877:2020
1838:2020
1812:2012
1790:2012
1777:ISBN
1732:2020
1706:2012
1671:2012
1658:ISBN
1653:Laos
1631:ISBN
1610:2012
1580:2012
1567:ISBN
1558:Laos
1542:2020
1529:ISBN
1496:2012
1459:2021
1437:2012
1412:2020
1386:2012
1361:2018
1160:Khmu
1132:and
1072:and
1050:Khmu
945:news
751:Map
695:gaur
462:and
395:and
351:Laos
327:high
250:Area
235:Laos
73:news
2824:Pek
2704:May
2671:Xay
2661:Nga
1565:โ.
1563:199
928:by
498:of
482:in
474:in
364:of
343:Lao
331:2nd
312:HDI
294:ICT
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2482:Et
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1985:.
1922:.
1896:.
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1723:.
1692:.
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1064:,
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709:,
705:,
701:,
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693:,
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329:ยท
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2237:v
2111:e
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2069:.
2016:.
1996:.
1976:.
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