1113:
not trust
Emperor Wu's subsequent guarantees never to betray him. Hou's fears were further increased when Emperor Wu sent ambassadors to mourn Gao Huan. Hou decided to test Emperor Wu by forging a letter from Gao Cheng, offering to swap Xiao Yuanming for Hou—and when Emperor Wu then responded, "If you return Yuanming in the morning, I will return Hou Jing in the evening" against the advice of Fu Qi (傅岐), Hou was outraged. Hou made an overture to Xiao Zhengde, promising to support him as the new emperor, and Xiao Zhengde agreed. Emperor Wu's nephew Xiao Fan (蕭範) the Prince of Poyang, who believed that Hou was about to rebel, suggested a preemptory attack, but Zhu advised against it, and Emperor Wu took no action on Xiao Fan's recommendation. In summer 548, Hou finally declared a rebellion, claiming that his goal was to clear the court of evil officials—Zhu, Xu Lin (徐麟), Lu Yan (陸驗), and Zhou Shizhen (周石珍) -- all corrupt officials that the people hated.
1117:
marched toward
Jiankang before Xiao Guan's forces could converge, and within a month, he crossed the Yangtze and approached Jiankang, catching the city unprepared. When Emperor Wu sent Xiao Zhengde to resist Hou, Xiao Zhengde turned against Emperor Wu and served as Hou's guide. Hou quickly surrounded Jiankang, and the populace of Jiankang, unaccustomed to war, panicked and collapsed. Emperor Wu and Xiao Gang put together the imperial guards to defend the palace, and initially, the defenses held, particularly because the key general, Yang Kan, was capable. In winter 548, Hou had Xiao Zhengde declared emperor and married Xiao Zhengde's daughter. When Hou's forces began to run out of food supply, he allowed his soldiers to pillage from the people, and the people began to starve in large numbers. (In the siege, the vegetables that Emperor Wu was accustomed to eat ran out, and Emperor Wu became forced to eat eggs.)
1032:, their skirts would not be long enough to reach the ground. The emperor disliked alcohol, and unless he was offering sacrifices to the ancestors, feasting with the imperial officials, or holding Buddhist ceremonies, he used no music. Even when he was alone in a dark room, he wore proper clothing and sat carefully. No matter how hot the weather was, he would not peel up his sleeves or expose his arms. He treated palace servants as honored guests. However, he was overly lenient to the officials. The provincial and commandery governors often extracted wealth from the people. The messengers that he sent out to the locales often improperly pressured, criticized, or extorted from the locales. He trusted evil people and liked to criticize people for minor faults. He built many Buddhist towers and temples, inflicting great burdens on the government and the people. The area south of the
561:, turned his army around and marched on the capital, hoping to overthrow Xiao Baojuan and replace him with his brother Xiao Baoxuan (蕭寶玄) the Prince of Jiangxia. Cui was initially successful, surrounding Xiao Baojuan's troops inside the palace complex. However, Xiao Yi, upon hearing news of Cui's rebellion, marched troops under his command to relieve the palace siege. He routed Cui's forces, and Cui was killed while trying to escape. Xiao Baojuan made Xiao Yi the prime minister, but soon killed him as well, on 19 November 500. Upon hearing of Xiao Yi's death, Xiao Yan gathered his officers on 15 December 500 and revealed to them his intention to rebel; he officially rose in rebellion in January or February 501.
714:) to Northern Wei. (It was in the aftermaths of Xiahou's rebellion that the first serious instance of Emperor Wu's refusal to punish a family member happened, as his nephew Xiao Yuanzao (蕭淵藻) the Marquess of Xichang, angry that when he rendezvoused with Deng Yuanqi that Deng took the best horses, assassinated Deng and falsely accused Deng of treason. While Emperor Wu discovered that Xiao Yuanzao's accusations were false and posthumously honored Deng, he took no punishment against Xiao Yuanzao other than demoting his rank.) In 505, Emperor Wu launched a major counterattack, commanded by Xiao Hong, with Liang's best troops. However, the apprehensive Xiao Hong stopped his army at Luokou (洛口, in modern
572:(荊州, modern central and western Hubei), that Liu was intending to attack both Jing and Yong Province. Xiao Yingzhou therefore entered into an alliance with Xiao Yan, and Xiao Yingzhou surprised and killed Liu, and then declared that his and Xiao Yan's intent was to declare Xiao Baorong emperor, although he did not immediately have Xiao Baorong take the imperial title. (Privately, Xiao Yan's staff was distrustful of Xiao Yingzhou and wanted to seize Xiao Baorong by force, but Xiao Yan, not willing to create a division in the coalition at that moment, concentrated on advancing east against Xiao Baojuan rather than to seize Xiao Baorong.)
864:, and Yuan Hao took it. However, Yuan Hao secretly wanted to rebel against Liang, and when Chen requested Emperor Wu to send reinforcements, Yuan Hao sent Emperor Wu a submission advising against it, and Emperor Wu, believing Yuan Hao, did not send additional troops. Soon, Erzhu Rong and Emperor Xiaozhuang counterattacked, and Luoyang fell. Yuan Hao fled and was killed in flight, and Chen's own army was destroyed, although Chen himself was able to flee back to Liang. Emperor Wu, realizing the impossibility of the task he gave Chen, nevertheless created Chen the Marquess of Yongxing in recognition of his victories.
592:) in summer 501, and then forcing the surrender of Chen Bozhi (陳伯之), the governor of Jiang Province, in fall 501. In winter 501, he reached Jiankang and quickly captured the outer city, and then put the palace under siege. Meanwhile, Xiao Yingzhou, unable to fend off attacks that the general Xiao Gui (蕭璝), loyal to Xiao Baojuan, was launching from the west, died in anxiety. Xiao Yan's brother Xiao Dan (蕭儋) quickly arrived in Jiangling to take over custody of Emperor He, along with Xiao Yingzhou's lieutenant Xiaohou Xiang (夏侯詳). From that point on, the control of the new emperor was no longer contested.
803:) to Liang. However, in summer 525, Emperor Wu's son Xiao Zong (蕭綜), who suspected that he was actually the son of Southern Qi's emperor Xiao Baojuan (because his mother Consort Wu was formerly Xiao Baojuan's concubine and had given birth to him only seven months after she became Emperor Wu's concubine), in turn surrendered Pengcheng to Northern Wei, ending Liang's advances in the northeast, although in summer 526, Shouyang fell to Liang troops after Emperor Wu successfully reemployed the damming strategy. For the next several years, Liang continued to make minor gains on the borders with Northern Wei.
1051:
534:
Xiao
Yaoguang (蕭遙光) the Prince of Shi'an, the senior official Xu Xiaosi (徐孝嗣), and the general Xiao Tanzhi (蕭坦之). The six officials each handled important matters of state according to their will and paid the young emperor little deference, drawing his ire. Xiao Yan, hearing that the young emperor had a reputation for being violent and frivolous, secretly prepared for eventual civil war at his post at Yong Province, but was unable to persuade his older brother Xiao Yi, who was then the acting governor of Ying Province (郢州, modern eastern
1138:
food supplies, however, Hou changed his mind and decided not to withdraw after all. He resumed sieging the palace, and yet Liu took no actions. In late spring 549, the palace fell to Hou's troops, and Hou met
Emperor Wu, initially acting as if he were willing to remain a faithful subject. Hou remained formally deferential to Emperor Wu and Xiao Gang the Crown Prince, but meanwhile effectively put them under house arrest. He issued an edict in Emperor Wu's name, disbanding Liu's forces, and Liu did so. Hou also deposed Xiao Zhengde.
745:—a major dam that was intended to create a reservoir to flood Shouyang to allow Liang to capture the city. He started the project despite opposition from his engineers (who believed that the Huai River contained too much dirt in its water for a dam of the size necessary to be built). Despite engineering difficulties, however, the dam was successfully built by the general Kang Xuan (康絢) -- albeit at a major loss of life among the workers, due to the amount of work necessary and the diseases that occurred among them. (
1094:
dam, but when Yang advised Xiao
Yuanming to attack Pengcheng, Xiao Yuanming hesitated. Meanwhile, Eastern Wei forces commanded by Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗) arrived near Hanshan, and Yang advised Xiao Yuanming to attack them while they were still tired, but Xiao Yuanming failed to. Subsequently, when the armies engaged, the Liang forces were initially successful, but overextended themselves, and the Eastern Wei counterattack nearly destroyed the entire Liang army, capturing Xiao Yuanming and many of his officers.
634:. Xiao Yan created Emperor He the Prince of Baling, but soon had him put to death, ending Emperor Ming's line (except for Xiao Baoyin, and Xiao Baoyi who was born disabled), although he treated Emperor Gao's and Emperor Wu's remaining progeny (most of those two emperors' progeny having been slaughtered by Emperor Ming) with honor and respect, making many of them his officials, reasoning that he and Southern Qi's imperial clan were of the same family. Emperor Wu created his infant son
1129:) as their commander. Liu initially had some successes against Hou's forces, but in spring 549, Hou made a surprise attack on Liu's forces, and both sides incurred heavy losses, with Liu himself nearly dying of his injuries—after which, Liu became extremely hesitant to engage Hou. Liu grew very arrogant as well, even treating Xiao Guan was disrespect. Further, Liu's forces were pillaging the people as much as Hou's forces, and therefore the people saw no incentive to assist them.
429:(as its Emperor Gao) in 479. For Xiao Shunzhi's contributions, Xiao Daocheng created him the Marquess of Linxiang and made him a general. Xiao Yan was Xiao Shunzhi's third son, and his mother was Xiao Shunzhi's wife Zhang Shangrou (張尚柔), who was also the mother of his older brothers Xiao Yi (蕭懿) and Xiao Fu (蕭敷), his younger brother Xiao Chang (蕭暢) and his younger sister Xiao Lingyi (蕭令嫕). Lady Zhang died in 471, predating Xiao Shunzhi's becoming a marquess during Southern Qi.
542:
unsuccessful coup and was soon defeated and killed. However, despite the contributions of Xiao Tanzhi, Xu Xiaosi, Liu Xuan, and the generals Shen Wenji (沈文季) and Cao Hu (曹虎) in defeating Xiao
Yaoguang, Xiao Baojuan soon had all of them killed as well on suspicion of plotting coups, leading to widespread sense of terror among central government officials. This led to a rebellion by the senior general Chen Xianda (陳顯達) from his post at Jiang Province (江州, modern
734:, and Xiao Hong, in fear, fled, causing his army to collapse without a battle. When Northern Wei forces next attacked the fortress of Zhongli (鍾離, in modern Bengbu as well), however, they were defeated by a Liang army commanded by Wei and Cao Jingzong (曹景宗) in spring 507, allowing Liang to keep Zhongli and effectively ending the war. After the battle of Zhongli, there would continue to be border battles from time to time, but no large scale war for years.
817:
of Xiao Tong's attendants, Bao
Miaozhi (鮑邈之), was squeezed out of Xiao Tong's inner circles by another attendant, Wei Ya (魏雅), he, in resentment, reported to Emperor Wu that Wei had carried out sorcery on Xiao Tong's behalf. When Emperor Wu investigated, waxed ducks were found, and Emperor Wu became surprised and angry, and wanted to investigate further. He only stopped the investigation when he was advised to do so by the prime minister
1078:
that Hou should be accepted. Emperor Wu agreed, and he created Hou the Prince of He'nan, with acting imperial powers over the nine provinces. In the midst of this situation, Emperor Wu, while sending troops to aid Hou, offered himself to the service of the Buddha for the fourth time, spending 37 days at
Tongtai Temple and only returning to the palace after his officials made another huge donation to Tongtai Temple.
763:
maintained the dam, and
Shouyang began to be flooded. However, Emperor Wu recalled Kang to the capital and put the general Zhang Baozi (張豹子) in charge of the dam. Zhang, far less skillful and attentive than Kang, did not maintain the dam. With Huai River's water level greatly rising in winter 516, the dam collapsed, leading to more than 100,000 deaths downstream, and Shouyang was saved.
49:
584:), the capital of Jing Province, with the new emperor, while Xiao Yan continued to advance against the old emperor Xiao Baojuan. With Xiao Baojuan having lost the love of his generals (and having to fight off several more coup attempts within Jiankang itself), Xiao Yan was able to win battle after battle, capturing Yingcheng (郢城, in modern
899:
770:, but by 517 Buddhist influences on his policies began to be plain. That year, he ordered that imperial textile factories not weave gods and animals on clothes, because when the clothes undergo further manufacturing, the patterns might be damaged, showing disrespect to the gods and hurtfulness to the animals. In a further break from
949:
473:, and Lu Chui (陸倕). After his father Xiao Shunzhi died in 490, he temporary left governmental service, but subsequently returned, and by 493 was serving on Xiao Ziliang's staff, but he did not join Wang Rong's plan to start a coup to have Xiao Ziliang made emperor when Emperor Wu grew ill in 493; the throne, instead, went to the
738:
while being overly relaxing for officials and nobles, Emperor Wu considered revisions to the law. However, at the end, all he carried out was that criminals' clan members would not be required to undergo hard labor if they had seniors or children in their household, and he did not further reform his laws.
778:, instead of traditional animal sacrifices of goats, pigs, and cows, and the sacrifices were first changed to using dried meat, and then eventually to mock animals made from flour, vegetables, and fruits, and this change was despite popular opinion that this would bring displeasure from the ancestors.
1124:
the Prince of
Xiangdong, meanwhile, were beginning to put a relief force together, and Xiao Guan arrived around the new year 549, but was defeated by Hou and was unable to lift the siege. Meanwhile, Yang died, and the people inside the palace walls grew increasingly desperate. As the siege went on,
806:
Over the years, Emperor Wu had increasingly given additional authorities to Xiao Tong the Crown Prince, and the relationship between father and son was dear. However, in 526, after the death of Xiao Tong's mother Consort Ding Lingguang (丁令光), the relationship would deteriorate. Xiao Tong sought out
794:
In 524, Emperor Wu launched a number of attacks on Northern Wei's southern territory, with Northern Wei forces occupied with fighting agrarian rebellions to the north and west. Liang forces largely met little resistance. Further, in spring 525, the Northern Wei general Yuan Faseng (元法僧) surrendered
1141:
Meanwhile, Emperor Wu continued to resist some of Hou's demands, and when Hou requested that certain of his associates by named to high-level posts, Emperor Wu refused. Hou reacted by reducing Emperor Wu's supplies, and in summer 549, Emperor Wu died. (It is unclear whether he died from illness or
1112:
With Eastern Wei having recovered all nine of the provinces that Hou had surrendered to Liang, Gao Cheng now sent overtures to Emperor Wu, requesting that peace be reinstated, offering to return Xiao Yuanming and Hou's relatives. Hou opposed peace, suspecting Gao Cheng's intentions, and he also did
1093:
the Marquess of Zhenyang, to attack Eastern Wei to the east. By Emperor Wu's orders, Xiao Yuanming advanced to Hanshan (寒山), in Pengcheng's vicinity, to build a dam over the Si River (泗水) to use water to attack Pengcheng. Xiao Yuanming's lieutenant, the general Yang Kan (羊侃), quickly completed the
985:
In 539, based on Zhu's recommendation, Emperor Wu carried out a reorganization of the provincial divisions, placing the provinces into five classes based on their sizes and populations. After the reorganization, there were 108 provinces in total (20 of the first class, 10 of the second class, eight
867:
In fall 529, Emperor Wu made his second offering of himself to the service of Buddha at Tongtai Monastery—but contrary to the first time he did, when he simply spent three days at the monastery, he stripped himself of imperial clothing and wore those of monks, and spent all day carrying out monastic
612:
Xiao Yan soon conspired to gain the throne for himself. Consulting with his old friends Shen Yue and Fan Yun, he put his brothers and associates into important posts, while having Empress Dowager Wang grant him higher and higher honors and titles, while delaying Emperor He's return to the capital.
533:
When Xiao Baojuan became Southern Qi's emperor in 498 at age 15, his power was initially curbed by several high-level officials that his father Emperor Ming left in charge—including Emperor Ming's cousins Jiang Shi (江祏) and Jiang Si (江祀), Xiao Baojuan's own uncle Liu Xuan (劉暄), Xiao Baojuan's cousin
1105:). Initially, Hou defeated Murong in battle, forcing him to flee, but Murong then regrouped. Meanwhile, Hou's food supplies began to dwindle. In spring 548, Hou's troops collapsed, and he approached Shouyang. When the Wei An (韋黯), the acting governor of Southern Yu Province (南豫州, modern central
1077:
Emperor Wu initially hesitated himself at whether to accept Hou's surrender, particularly because a number of his officials, including Xie Ju (謝舉), opposed, citing the long-standing peace with Eastern Wei. Zhu Yi, however, believing that approving of Hou's surrender would please Emperor Wu, argued
981:
and He Jingrong (何敬容). While He was known for integrity, he lacked political skills, and Zhu became the de facto prime minister, wielding great power and amassing wealth. While Zhu was skillful and capable, he was also regarded as corrupt and jealous of others. His hold on power was particularly
939:
constellation—traditionally thought to be a sign that the emperor would be forced to leave the palace—Emperor Wu tried to divert the ill fortune by walking barefoot around his palace. However, he soon heard that Northern Wei's Emperor Xiaowu had fled Luoyang in a dispute with Gao splitting Northern
906:
In 531, Xiao Tong who was the Crown Prince at the time died, and Emperor Wu personally attended his wake and buried him in a tomb appropriate for an emperor. He also summoned Xiao Tong's oldest son, Xiao Huan (蕭歡) the Duke of Huarong back to the capital Jiankang, preparing to create Xiao Huan crown
816:
monk informed Xiao Tong that he believed that the land would bring ill fortune for Consort Ding's oldest son—Xiao Tong. Xiao Tong therefore allowed the monk to bury a few items intended to dissolve the ill fortune, such as wax ducks, at the position reserved for the oldest son. Later on, when one
655:
The early reign of Emperor Wu was considered to be Liang Dynasty's prime. He was considered diligent and frugal, and he tried to foster willingness for his officials to have different opinions than his. However, an immediate troubling sign for his reign, which would become increasingly serious as
1137:
the Prince of Xuancheng as a hostage. Emperor Wu agreed—except for sending Xiao Daqi's younger brother Xiao Dakuan (蕭大款) the Duke of Shicheng instead of Xiao Daqi. Once the relief forces withdrew slightly (under Hou's demand) and Hou's forces had rested about 15 days and obtained some additional
976:
with Eastern Wei, and ambassadors from both states often visited the other. While there was no such formal arrangement with Western Wei, there appeared to be few border conflicts after this point. With Eastern Wei and Western Wei locked into war, Liang was largely at peace. With Zhou She having
847:
the Prince of Beihai, fled to Liang, and a number of other officials surrendered territories they controlled to Liang. In winter 528, Emperor Wu created Yuan Hao the Prince of Wei—intending to have him lay claim to the Northern Wei throne and, if successful, become a Liang vassal—and commissioned
762:
after Emperor Xuanwu's death in 515) sent armies commanded by Li Ping (李平) to attack Kang's escort forces, but could not damage the dam, which was finally completed in summer 516. it was described to be four and a half kilometers long, and the army pitched camp on the dam itself. Kang skillfully
595:
Around the new year 502, Xiao Baojuan's generals Wang Zhenguo (王珍國) and Zhang Ji (張稷), fearful that Xiao Baojuan would kill them because they were unable to lift the siege, assassinated Xiao Baojuan and surrendered. Xiao Yan entered the palace triumphantly, and, making Xiao Zhaoye's mother Empress
497:
forces invade, Xiao Yan was on the frontline fighting Northern Wei troops, and he distinguished himself under the command of Wang Guangzhi (王廣之). Later that year, when Emperor Ming suspected the general Xiao Chen (蕭諶) of treason and executed him, it was Xiao Yan that he sent to arrest and execute
881:
In 530, Emperor Wu made another attempt to establish a vassal regime in Northern Wei—by creating Yuan Yue the Prince of Wei, and commissioning Yuan Yue's uncle Fan Zun (范遵) with an army to escort Yuan Yue back to Northern Wei. Yuan Yue made some advances, particularly in light of the disturbance
786:
In 522, Emperor Wu's nephew Xiao Zhengde—whom he had previously adopted but then unadopted when Xiao Tong was born—resentful that he was not created crown prince, fled to Northern Wei, claiming to be the deposed crown prince and requesting Northern Wei aid. However, Northern Wei did not take his
737:
In 511, when Emperor Wu received petition from an old peasant, who stopped him on the road when he was in the vicinity of Jiankang to offer sacrifices to heaven, that his criminal laws were too severe for the commoners (in particular, if one person committed a crime, the entire clan is punished),
464:
before he turns 30, and his honor will be innumerable after he turns 30." Xiao Yan also associated with Wang's successor as prime minister, Emperor Wu's son Xiao Ziliang (蕭子良) the Prince of Jingling, and became one of eight young officials talented in the literary arts particularly befriended by
1116:
Initially, Emperor Wu did not take Hou's rebellion seriously, and he made the comment, "I can break off a tree branch and kill him with it." He sent his son Xiao Guan (蕭綸) the Prince of Shaoling to command a four-pronged army, intending to trap Hou at Shouyang, but Hou, taking decisive action,
1004:
In 545, Emperor Wu's official He Chen (賀琛) wrote a submission Emperor Wu to correct four matters—the corruption of officials, the wastefulness in the luxurious style of living among officials and the population at large, the harshness of penal laws, and the overspending on construction projects
964:
in light of Emperor Xiaowu's flight, Emperor Wu initially continued to send his forces to make minor territorial gains on the borders, against both Eastern Wei and Western Wei, for several years. It had been the case throughout Emperor Wu's reign that he was overly lenient to his relatives and
541:
In 499, receiving report that the high-level officials were planning to, on account of his irrational behavior, remove him from the throne, Xiao Baojuan acted first and executed Jiang Shi and Jiang Si. Xiao Yaoguang, who wanted to be emperor himself and feared being the next target, started an
790:
In winter 523, with his state plagued by forgeries of its copper coins, Emperor Wu abolished copper coins and started minting iron coins. (The actual fiscal impact of this act was unclear, but traditional Chinese historians generally considered iron to be unsuitable to use for coinage.)
674:
Two immediate threats that Emperor Wu had to deal with upon ascending the throne were rebellions by Chen Bozhi, who did not feel secure in his position despite Emperor Wu's permitting him to remain as the governor of Jiang Province, and Liu Jilian (劉季連) the governor of
1024:, he became a Buddhist and ate only vegetarian meals, not meat, and his single daily meal only contained vegetables and rough rice grains. Sometimes, when he was busy, he would flush his mouth and no longer eat after noon. He wore cloth and used bed covers made of
513:). Even though both he and his commander, Cui Huijing (崔慧景), were subsequently defeated by Northern Wei forces in battle, in 498 Xiao Yan was made the governor of Yong Province and the defender of Yong Province's capital, the important city Xiangyang (襄陽, in modern
687:), who was similarly apprehensive. By winter 502, however, Chen had been defeated by Emperor Wu's general Wang Mao (王茂) and was forced to flee to Northern Wei. In spring 503, Liu surrendered to Emperor Wu's general Deng Yuanqi (鄧元起), and the realm was pacified.
911:
principles of succession. However, still resentful over the wax duck affair, he hesitated for days without carrying out the creation, and finally did not do so. Instead, against popular opinion, he created Xiao Tong's younger brother, also by Consort Ding,
396:
under close control and plunging the entire Liang state into anarchy. After Emperor Wu was imprisoned, he was thirsty and asked Hou for honey, but Hou refused to give it to him. After shouting several times, the Emperor supposedly died of hunger and thirst.
656:
time went on, was how he appeared to be willing to tolerate corruption by his own family members, particularly his brother Xiao Hong the Prince of Linchuan, and those high-level officials who he felt contributed to his establishment of Liang.
575:
In spring 501, Xiao Yingzhou declared Xiao Baorong emperor (as Emperor He), a declaration that Xiao Yan recognized. Xiao Yingzhou had himself and Xiao Yan given equivalent titles, and Xiao Yingzhou remained at Jiangling (江陵, in modern
1020:. He worked hard, and even in the coldest winter times, he would get up at the fourth watch to review important matters of state, and as his pen-wielding hand is exposed to the cold air, his skin would break. Ever since the era of
1132:
With Hou's forces tired, however, Hou sued for peace, stating that he was willing to return to Shouyang if Emperor Wu was willing to cede four provinces west of the Yangtze River to him and willing to send Xiao Gang's oldest son
663:' history to explicitly grant prime ministerial authorities to designated officials who were not prime ministers in name. He first granted those authorities to Fan Yun, and after Fan's death in 503, granted those authorities to
646:
as his son, and Xiao Zhengde wanted to be crown prince; instead, after creating Xiao Tong crown prince, Emperor Wu rescinded the adoption and returned Xiao Zhengde to Xiao Hong's household, drawing Xiao Zhengde's resentment.)
1089:, Hou turned against Western Wei forces commanded by Wang Sizheng (王思政), although Western Wei largely held the cities that he had turned over. Meanwhile, Emperor Wu also commissioned a large army, commanded by his nephew
1109:) welcomed Hou, Hou took him by surprise and seized Shouyang. He then sent an apology to Emperor Wu, and Emperor Wu, not having the heart of forcing Hou away from Shouyang, made him the governor of Southern Yu Province.
698:'s cousin Yuan Cheng (元澄) the Prince of Rencheng to lead a force to attack Liang, starting a war that lasted several years. Both sides had victories. However, Liang lost the important border city Yiyang (義陽, in modern
443:
Around 481 or 482, Xiao Yan married Chi Hui (郗徽), the daughter of Liu Song official Chi Ye (郗燁) and the Princess Xunyang. They had three daughters—Xiao Yuyao (蕭玉姚), Xiao Yuwan (蕭玉婉), and Xiao Yuhuan (蕭玉嬛), but no sons.
1142:
from starvation.) It was recorded that as he was dying, his mouth was bitter, and he wanted honey, but no one responded to his request. Hou allowed Xiao Gang to take the throne (as Emperor Jianwen) to succeed him.
1001:. The Liang forces could not put down Lý Bôn's rebellion quickly, and Lý Bôn eventually declared himself emperor of Vietnam in 544, fighting a guerilla war with Liang. Liang forces would not be driven out until 550.
848:
his general Chen Qingzhi (陳慶之) with an army to escort Yuan Hao back to Northern Wei. Despite the small size of Chen's army, he won battle after battle, and in spring 529, after Chen captured Suiyang (睢陽, in modern
811:
Yu Sanfu (俞三副) into convincing Emperor Wu that that piece of land would bring good fortune for the emperor, and so Emperor Wu bought the land and buried Consort Ding there. However, once Consort Ding was buried, a
622:, all signs of an impending takeover. Only with these preparations in place did he have Emperor He sent back toward the capital. In the spring of 502 however, while Emperor He had only reached Gushu (姑孰, in modern
1041:
In 546, Emperor Wu made his third offering of himself to the service of the Buddha. He spent more than a month at Tongtai Temple, before a fire that destroyed the temple tower caused him to return to the palace.
927:
rose against the Erzhus, Emperor Wu against sent an army to escort Yuan Yue back to Northern Wei, and subsequently, Gao Huan welcomed Yuan Yue, but then decided against making Yuan Yue emperor. Subsequently,
787:
claim seriously, and in 523 Xiao Zhengde fled back to Liang. Instead of punishing Xiao Zhengde, however, Emperor Wu merely rebuked him tearfully, and in fact restored him to his title of Marquess of Xifeng.
617:
the Prince of Poyang, however, would escape to Northern Wei, and for decades would pose a threat as a Northern Wei general.) He had himself created as Duke of Liang and then Prince of Liang, and given the
550:), which was quickly defeated as well, fanning Xiao Baojuan's sense of invulnerability. In fear, the general Pei Shuye (裴叔業), who controlled Shouyang as the governor of Yu Province (豫州, modern central
2699:
485:
to serve on his staff, and when Xiao Luan subsequently overthrew the frivolous Xiao Zhaoye in a coup, Xiao Yan was made a general and ordered to defend the important city Shouyang (壽陽, in modern
965:
high-level officials, but the trend appeared to become more severe late in his reign. His sons, all imperial princes, also grew increasingly disobedient of central authority, often acting as
821:, executing only the Taoist monk who had suggested the burial of wax ducks. Xiao Tong became humiliated in the affair, and was never able to clear himself completely in his father's eyes.
564:
Xiao Baojuan sent an army commanded by the general Liu Shanyang (劉山陽) against Xiao Yan, but Xiao Yan convinced Xiao Yingzhou (蕭穎冑), the chief of staff of Xiao Baojuan's younger brother
1014:
The emperor was filially pious, loving, humble, frugal, knowledgeable, and good at writing. He extensively studied mysticism, astrology, horseriding, archery, music, calligraphy, and
730:), taken by Northern Wei when Pei Shuye surrendered Shouyang to Northern Wei. In fall 506, Xiao Hong's army, stationed at Luokou for nearly a year without advancing, had an attack of
1036:
had long peace, and as a result became wasteful in lifestyle. All of what He Chen said was true, but it was particularly because what he said was true that the emperor became angry.
327:
period. His reign, until its end, was one of the most stable and prosperous among the Southern dynasties. He came from the same Xiao clan of Lanling (蘭陵蕭氏) that ruled the preceding
986:
of the third class, 23 of the fourth class, and 21 of the fifth class), with the smaller provinces often consisting of single villages in southern and southwestern border regions.
2370:
525:. It was at Xiangyang that Xiao Yan's wife Chi Hui died in 499. Xiao Yan would not take another wife for the rest of his life, although he would have a number of concubines.
381:
At the end of his reign, his unduly lenient attitude towards his clan's and officials' corruption and lack of dedication to the state came at a heavy price; when the general
1156:
Emperor Wu is remembered by many Buddhists today for the many contributions he gave to the faith. There are a few stories that revolve around his involvement with Buddhism.
890:. However, Yuan Yue realized that the Erzhus then became firmly in control of Luoyang and that he would be unable to defeat them, and so returned to Liang in winter 530.
2379:
916:
crown prince. To compensate Xiao Tong's three sons, he created the princes of large commandery—Xiao Huan the Prince of Yuzhang, Xiao Yu (蕭譽) the Prince of Hedong, and
1081:
Hou, with aid from Western Wei and Liang, initially stood Eastern Wei attacks. However, when Yuwen subsequently demanded that he proceed to the Western Wei capital
2663:
1066:, because he disliked the young Gao Cheng and considered himself superior, rebelled. He first surrendered the 13 provinces that he was in charge—all south of the
505:
In 497, with Northern Wei again attacking, Xiao Yan was one of the generals that Emperor Ming sent to aid the embattled Yong Province (雍州, modern southwestern
856:), Yuan Hao, with Emperor Wu's approval, proclaimed himself the emperor of Northern Wei. In summer 529, with Northern Wei troops unable to stand up to Chen,
2695:
874:. He spent 12 days at the monastery, and returned to the palace only after the imperial offices made a huge donation to it—formally, to ransom "the Emperor
694:, with a mind of having Xiao Baoyin reestablish Southern Qi as a puppet state, commissioned Xiao Baoyin and Chen with armies, and further sent his father
1151:
452:
Xiao Yan was considered intelligent and handsome in his youth, and he started his career as a Southern Qi official by serving as military assistant for
2363:
722:) and refused to advance, despite his generals' urging. Meanwhile, in spring 506, the general Wei Rui (韋叡) was able to capture Hefei (合肥, in modern
706:) in fall 504, and in spring 505, the general Xiahou Daoqian (夏侯道遷) rebelled and surrendered another important border city, Nanzheng (南鄭, in modern
613:
He also began to execute Emperor He's brothers and cousins one by one, to eliminate the possibility of resisting his moves. (Emperor He's brother
1977:
2679:
1074:, Hou then surrendered nine of the 13 provinces (minus the four that he had turned over to Western Wei forces in exchange for help) to Liang.
2101:
1028:. Each hat he wore, he would use for three years, and each comforter he used, he would use for two years. Within the palace, starting from
2651:
2647:
2356:
425:, and was part of Xiao Daocheng's close circle of advisors in Xiao Daocheng's eventual seizure of the Liu Song throne and establishment of
2639:
843:, with poison), a number of Northern Wei officials, including Yuan Yue (元悅) the Prince of Ru'nan, Yuan Yu (元彧) the Prince of Linhuai, and
997:), dissatisfied at the cruel rule of the governor Xiao Zi (蕭諮) the Marquess of Wulin (Emperor Wu's nephew), declared a rebellion, led by
2778:
1125:
however, more Liang provincial forces converged, and they supported Liu Zhongli (柳仲禮) the governor of Si Province (司州, modern southern
940:
Wei into two separate countries. Wu, both glad and embarrassed, stated, "Is it that even barbarians correspond to astrological signs?"
2808:
2798:
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precipitated soon thereafter when Emperor Xiaozhuang ambushed and killed Erzhu Rong and was in turn overthrown by Erzhu Rong's nephew
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and north of the Huai River, to Western Wei, but believing that he would also not be tolerated by Western Wei's paramount general
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1005:(mostly temples). Emperor Wu was exceedingly angry and rejected He's suggestions. Commenting on this incident, the historian
695:
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1165:. Imperial officials disapproved of the dialogue recited in the first case, viewing it as against the dignity of the throne.
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440:(475–518) is now mainly remembered because of his comparatively well-preserved funerary statuary ensemble near Nanjing.
2544:
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898:
493:). When Xiao Luan later took the throne (as Emperor Ming), Xiao Yan was created the Baron of Jianyang. In 495, when
482:
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1086:
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Xiao Baojuan sent Cui Huijing to try to recapture Shouyang. Cui Huijing, however, as soon as he left the capital
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Starting in 514, Emperor Wu started carrying out a major construction project, downstream from Shouyang on the
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460:. Wang was said to be impressed by Xiao Yan's talents and appearance, and he once said, "Mr. Xiao will be
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increased when He was dismissed in 544 over a corruption scandal involving the brother of his concubine.
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630:), Xiao Yan had him issue an edict giving the throne to Xiao Yan, ending Southern Qi and beginning the
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on Google Books. P. 190. A reconstruction of the original form of the ensemble is shown in Fig. 5.19.
2738:
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456:'s son Xiao Zilun (蕭子倫) the Prince of Baling, and later served on the staff of the prime minister
2584:
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660:
31:
2096:, Issue 19 of Studies in East Asian Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 3, 243, 261,
366:. It was said that he received the Buddhist precepts during his reign, earning him the nickname
2008:
era of his reign. This corresponds to 30 Apr 502 in the Julian calendar.(天监元年夏四月丙寅，高祖即皇帝位于南郊。)
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In 547, Gao Huan died, and was succeeded as the paramount authority in Eastern Wei by his son
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an appropriate place to bury Consort Ding, but while he was doing so, a land owner bribed the
363:
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died in 524 and Xu Mian having died in 535, Emperor Wu largely entrusted the government to
2274:
The Garden of Flowers and Weeds: a New Translation and Commentary on the Blue Cliff Record
2249:
The Garden of Flowers and Weeds: a New Translation and Commentary on the Blue Cliff Record
2143:
1016:
225:
2136:
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747:
554:), surrendered Shouyang to Northern Wei in 500, despite Xiao Yan's counsel against it.
498:
Xiao Chen's brother Xiao Dan (蕭誕) the governor of Si Province (司州, modern southeastern
265:
180:
521:), and he continued in that post after Emperor Ming's death and succession by his son
2712:
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era of Xiao Baojuan's reign. This corresponds to 15 Dec 500 in the Julian calendar.
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In 527, Emperor Wu made his first offering of himself to the service of Buddha (捨身,
338:
exams, demanding that sons of nobles (士族) study. He was well read himself and wrote
2576:
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Murong then turned his attention against Hou, meeting Hou at Woyang (渦陽, in modern
1067:
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era of his reign. This corresponds to 5 Jan to 3 Feb 501 in the Julian calendar.
998:
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638:, who was born of his concubine Consort Ding during the war against Xiao Baojuan,
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era of his reign. This corresponds to 19 Nov 500 in the Julian calendar.
2115:
Albert E. Dien, «Six Dynasties Civilization». Yale University Press, 2007
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era of his reign. This corresponds to 12 Jun 549 in the Julian calendar.
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In 541, the Vietnamese people of Jiao Province (交州, roughly modern
388:(侯景之亂), few came to his aid, and Hou captured the imperial capital
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the Prince of Yueyang, but his grandsons continued to resent him.
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described the casualty rate to be at 70% to 80%.) Northern Wei's
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tradition, he considered making sacrifices to imperial ancestors
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343:
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923:
In 532, with Northern Wei again in civil war after the general
642:. (He had previously adopted his brother Xiao Hong (蕭宏)'s son
334:
Emperor Wu established universities and extended the Confucian
378:), a widely read and major Buddhist text in China and Korea.
907:
prince to replace his father, as would be appropriate under
868:
tasks, including daily chores and giving of lectures on the
2093:
Burning for the Buddha: self-immolation in Chinese Buddhism
481:. Xiao Yan subsequently was invited by the prime minister
2163:
era of Xiao Daocheng's reign, per Lady Chi's biography in
828:) at Tongtai Monastery (同泰寺), spending three days there.
2021:
Lady Zhang was a descendant (5x-great-granddaughter) of
831:
In 528, after a coup in Northern Wei, with the warlord
432:
Xiao Yan had six other brothers born of Xiao Shunzhi's
2575:
2543:
2496:
2448:
2390:
2042:, he died aged 86 (by East Asian reckoning) on the
1500:; 499–549), and had issue (two sons, two daughters)
766:It is unclear when Emperor Wu began to be a devout
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2251:. Monkfish Book Publishing Company. pp. 3–8.
932:, whom Gao made emperor, had Yuan Yue executed.
568:the Prince of Nankang, who was then governor of
30:"Xiao Yan" redirects here. For the actress, see
2276:. Monkfish Book Publishing Company. p. 5.
1120:The provincial governors, led by Xiao Guan and
421:, was a distant cousin of the Liu Song general
2204:, the gathering of officers took place on the
405:Xiao Yan was born in 464, during the reign of
2364:
2208:day of the 11th month of the 2nd year of the
2183:day of the 10th month of the 2nd year of the
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1159:Emperor Wu features in the first case of the
8:
2046:day of the 5th month of the 3rd year of the
2004:day of the 4th month of the 1st year of the
1474:Married Wang Shi of Langya, Duke Jiancheng (
1054:The tianlu for the imperial tomb of Xiao Yan
659:Emperor Wu also became the first emperor in
2076:(生长沙宣武王懿、永阳昭王敷，次生高祖。 ...次生衡阳宣王畅、义兴昭长公主令嫕。)
1326:Empress Dowager Wenxuan, of the Ruan clan (
413:(蕭順之), who claimed ancestry from the great
346:. Although for governmental affairs he was
233:
2502:
2371:
2357:
2349:
2293:
1563:
1152:Buddhist legends about Emperor Wu of Liang
969:emperors within their provincial domains.
448:Career as Southern Qi official and general
354:as well. He himself was attracted to many
47:
36:
2225:According to Xiao Baojuan's biography in
2175:According to Xiao Baojuan's biography in
1177:Empress Wude, of the Xi clan of Gaoping (
795:the key city of Pengcheng (彭城, in modern
1989:
392:, holding Emperor Wu and his successor
1978:Juniperus chinensis from Six Dynasties
1776:
1772:
1762:
1669:
1572:
1568:
1009:wrote the following about Emperor Wu:
167:
2200:According to Xiao Yan's biography in
2146:(Sculptures at the Tomb of Xiao Xiu)
2038:According to Xiao Yan's biography in
1996:According to Xiao Yan's biography in
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1576:
1526:; d. 550), and had issue (one child,
1282:; 484–526), personal name Lingguang (
370:. The emperor is the namesake of the
300:) (464 – 12 June 549), personal name
7:
1332:; 477–542), personal name Lingying (
2063:(五月，丙辰，上卧净居殿，口苦，索蜜不得，再曰：“荷！荷！”遂殂。)
132:Xiu Mausoleum (修陵, in present-day
1364:; d. 527), personal name Jinghui (
1046:The Hou Jing disturbance and death
858:Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei
608:Establishment of the Liang dynasty
25:
2272:Sullivan, Matthew Juksan (2021).
2247:Sullivan, Matthew Juksan (2021).
27:Founding emperor of Liang Dynasty
2000:, he ascended the throne on the
1198:; d. 529), personal name Yuyao (
841:Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei
372:Emperor Liang Jeweled Repentance
2150:(description and modern photos)
1494:Married Zhang Zuan of Fanyang (
1379:; 502–531), second son, adopted
1183:; 468–499), personal name Hui (
956:With Northern Wei divided into
839:(after she killed her own son,
331:, but from a different branch.
325:Northern and Southern dynasties
1419:Xiao Lun, Prince Shaolingxie (
935:In 534, with Mars seen in the
930:Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei
860:fled the Northern Wei capital
692:Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei
529:Civil war against Xiao Baojuan
1:
2664:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1760:Emperor Wu of Liang (464–549)
1544:Married Wang Quan of Langya (
1396:Xiao Ji, Prince Nankangjian (
2179:, Xiao Yi was killed on the
1245:Married Wang Yin of Langya (
972:By 537, Emperor Wu was at a
215:Zhōng dà tóng (中大同): 546-547
209:Zhōng dà tōng (中大通): 529-534
57:Emperor of the Liang dynasty
1520:Married Liu Yan of Hedong (
1315:Xiao Xu, Prince Lulingwei (
1062:. The Eastern Wei general
362:of animals and was against
160:
123:549 (aged 84–85)
2825:
2779:Murdered emperors of China
1774:
1663:
1570:
1445:, Prince Wuling Zhenxian (
1373:Xiao Zan, Prince Yuzhang (
1149:
1087:Emperor Wen of Western Wei
358:traditions. He banned the
66:30 April 502 – 12 June 549
29:
2809:5th-century Confucianists
2799:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
2769:5th-century Chinese poets
2613:
2505:
2335:
2331:Emperor He of Southern Qi
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78:as Emperor of Southern Qi
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2759:Politicians from Nanjing
2321:Emperor Jianwen of Liang
2311:Emperor of Liang Dynasty
1869:Empress Wenxian (d. 471)
1465:), personal name Yuzhi (
1233:Married Xie Mo of Chen (
1224:), personal name Yuwan (
758:(who became regent over
477:, Emperor Wu's grandson
465:Xiao Ziliang—along with
2729:Liang dynasty Buddhists
2227:Book of the Southern Qi
2177:Book of the Southern Qi
2090:Benn, James A. (2007),
1350:; 508–555), seventh son
368:The Bodhisattva Emperor
350:in values, he embraced
315:(練兒), was the founding
200:Tiān jiān (天監): 502-519
149:Empress Dowager Wenxuan
2789:Viceroys of Liangguang
2724:Liang dynasty emperors
1451:; 508–553), eighth son
1402:; 505–529), fourth son
1055:
953:
903:
690:However, in fall 503,
407:Emperor Xiaowu of Song
218:Tài qīng (太清): 547-549
2774:Generals from Jiangsu
2749:Southern Qi Buddhists
1505:Princess Changcheng (
1425:; 507–551), sixth son
1321:; 506–547), fifth son
1312:; 503–551), third son
1300:; 501–531), first son
1053:
952:Wu in his late reign.
951:
901:
893:
311:(叔達), childhood name
212:Dà tóng (大同): 535-546
206:Dà tōng (大通): 527-529
203:Pǔ tōng (普通): 520-527
74:dynasty established,
2764:Southern Qi generals
2754:Deaths by starvation
1929:Xiao Chengzhi (萧承之)
1604:Xiao Daoci (385–447)
1485:Princess Fuyangdao (
1410:, of the Ding clan (
1387:, of the Dong clan (
1294:, Emperor Zhaoming (
1276:, of the Ding clan (
1173:Consorts and Issue:
376:Liang Huang Bao Chan
2794:Deified Chinese men
2719:Southern Qi regents
2483:Marquess of Donghun
2025:(父穆之，字思静，晋司空华六世孙。)
1952:Xiao Shunzhi (萧顺之)
1491:), fourth daughter
1306:, Emperor Jianwen (
1256:Princess Yongkang (
1192:Princess Yongxing (
538:), to do the same.
342:and patronized the
329:Southern Qi dynasty
290:Emperor Wu of Liang
40:Emperor Wu of Liang
2384:Southern dynasties
2142:2013-10-19 at the
1535:Princess Yongjia (
1433:, of the Ge clan (
1358:, of the Wu clan (
1274:Empress Dowager Mu
1218:Princess Yongshi (
1204:), first daughter
1056:
954:
904:
837:Empress Dowager Hu
756:Empress Dowager Hu
661:Southern Dynasties
147:Empress Dowager Mu
113:Xiao Lian'er (蕭練兒)
32:Xiao Yan (actress)
2804:Founding monarchs
2744:Chinese Buddhists
2706:
2705:
2571:
2570:
2520:Prince of Yuzhang
2473:Prince of Hailing
2347:
2346:
2318:Succeeded by
2103:978-0-8248-2992-6
1949:Xiao Daoci (萧道赐)
1911:
1910:
1207:Married Yin Jun (
1162:Blue Cliff Record
894:Xiao Tong's Death
509:and northwestern
287:
286:
252:
251:
232:Emperor Wǔ (武皇帝,
100:(from 548 to 549)
16:(Redirected from
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2503:
2373:
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2338:Emperor of China
2328:Preceded by
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1994:
1946:Xiao Fuzi (萧副子)
1926:Xiao Lezi (萧乐子)
1920:Xiao Zheng (萧整)
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1146:Buddhist legends
760:Emperor Xiaoming
620:nine bestowments
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134:Danyang, Jiangsu
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2298:Chinese royalty
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1995:
1991:
1986:
1974:
1923:Xiao Juan (萧隽)
1917:
1912:
1561:
1459:Princess Anji (
1171:
1154:
1148:
1048:
946:
896:
784:
696:Emperor Xiaowen
653:
610:
531:
450:
436:. One of them,
417:prime minister
403:
394:Emperor Jianwen
319:of the Chinese
226:Posthumous name
184:
148:
146:
137:
114:
99:
87:Emperor Jianwen
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2822:
2820:
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2806:
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2597:
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2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
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2442:
2437:
2435:Latter Deposed
2432:
2427:
2425:Former Deposed
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
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2329:
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2319:
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2307:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2264:
2257:
2239:
2218:
2193:
2168:
2152:
2129:
2108:
2102:
2082:
2069:
2065:Zizhi Tongjian
2056:
2031:
2014:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1943:Xiao Xia (萧辖)
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
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1900:
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1483:
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1428:
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1324:
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1271:
1270:
1269:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1170:
1167:
1150:Main article:
1147:
1144:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1038:
945:
942:
895:
892:
783:
780:
748:Zizhi Tongjian
652:
649:
609:
606:
530:
527:
449:
446:
402:
399:
285:
284:
283:Zhang Shangrou
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
260:
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94:
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68:
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53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2821:
2810:
2807:
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2800:
2797:
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2697:
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2649:
2645:
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2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
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2580:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2545:Western Liang
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
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2341:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:9781948626491
2279:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2258:9781948626491
2254:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:Book of Liang
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:Book of Liang
2197:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:Book of Liang
2162:
2156:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:0-300-07404-2
2118:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:Book of Liang
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:Book of Liang
1993:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:Xiao Daocheng
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1907:
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1191:
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1176:
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1168:
1166:
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1139:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1091:Xiao Yuanming
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1034:Yangtze River
1029:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
983:
980:
975:
970:
968:
963:
959:
950:
943:
941:
938:
933:
931:
926:
921:
919:
915:
910:
900:
891:
889:
888:Erzhu Shilong
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
871:Nirvana Sutra
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
835:overthrowing
834:
829:
827:
822:
820:
815:
810:
804:
802:
798:
792:
788:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
754:
750:
749:
744:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
657:
650:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:Liang Dynasty
629:
625:
621:
616:
607:
605:
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
571:
570:Jing Province
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
539:
537:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
459:
455:
447:
445:
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
423:Xiao Daocheng
420:
416:
412:
409:. His father
408:
400:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:civil service
332:
330:
326:
323:, during the
322:
321:Liang dynasty
318:
314:
310:
307:
306:courtesy name
303:
295:
291:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
261:
259:
255:
246:
243:
239:
230:
227:
223:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
196:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
169:
165:
162:
161:§ Family
158:
156:
152:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
108:
104:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2652:N. Dynasties
2648:S. Dynasties
2509:
2336:
2309:
2305:New dynasty
2304:
2273:
2267:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2148:(in Chinese)
2132:
2125:Partial text
2111:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1655:Xiao Shunzhi
1430:
1407:
1384:
1355:
1239:), a son of
1172:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1140:
1131:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1068:Yellow River
1057:
1040:
1031:
1026:bombax ceiba
1023:
1019:
1013:
1003:
988:
984:
971:
966:
955:
934:
922:
905:
880:
869:
866:
830:
825:
823:
805:
793:
789:
785:
782:Middle Reign
765:
746:
740:
736:
732:night terror
689:
673:
658:
654:
644:Xiao Zhengde
640:crown prince
611:
598:Wang Baoming
594:
574:
566:Xiao Baorong
563:
556:
540:
532:
523:Xiao Baojuan
504:
495:Northern Wei
475:crown prince
461:
451:
442:
431:
411:Xiao Shunzhi
404:
380:
375:
371:
367:
333:
312:
308:
301:
289:
288:
275:Xiao Shunzhi
145:Empress Wude
97:Xiao Zhengde
2644:16 Kingdoms
2450:Southern Qi
2340:(Southern)
1818:Zhang Muzhi
1795:Zhang Cihui
962:Western Wei
958:Eastern Wei
886:and cousin
876:Bodhisattva
677:Yi Province
651:Early reign
615:Xiao Baoyin
479:Xiao Zhaoye
427:Southern Qi
415:Han Dynasty
242:Temple name
177:Family name
71:Predecessor
2739:549 deaths
2734:464 births
2713:Categories
2636:3 Kingdoms
2235:Nan Qi Shu
2189:Nan Qi Shu
2137:梁安成康王萧秀墓石刻
1984:References
1007:Sima Guang
944:Late Reign
902:Xiao Tong.
884:Erzhu Zhao
833:Erzhu Rong
776:vegetarian
743:Huai River
454:Emperor Wu
434:concubines
401:Background
248:Gāozǔ (高祖)
236:"martial")
186:Given name
76:Emperor He
2563:Xiao Cong
2161:Jian'yuan
2078:Liang Shu
2067:, vol.162
2052:Liang Shu
2029:, vol.07.
2027:Liang Shu
2023:Zhang Hua
2010:Liang Shu
1915:Genealogy
1581:Xiao Fuzi
1304:Xiao Gang
1292:Xiao Tong
1180:武德皇后 高平郗氏
1135:Xiao Daqi
1085:to greet
1072:Yuwen Tai
1060:Gao Cheng
914:Xiao Gang
909:Confucian
772:Confucian
685:Chongqing
636:Xiao Tong
624:Ma'anshan
483:Xiao Luan
458:Wang Jian
364:execution
360:sacrifice
348:Confucian
193:Era dates
188:: Yǎn (衍)
93:Pretender
83:Successor
2784:Usurpers
2558:Xiao Kui
2553:Xiao Cha
2415:Liu Shao
2392:Liu Song
2380:Emperors
2343:502–549
2315:502–549
2237:, vol.07
2231:Yongyuan
2216:, vol.01
2210:Yongyuan
2191:, vol.07
2185:Yongyuan
2140:Archived
2080:, vol.07
2054:, vol.03
2044:bingchen
2012:, vol.02
2006:Tianjian
1972:See also
1956:Xiao Yan
1559:Ancestry
1528:Lady Liu
1456:Unknown
1448:武陵貞獻王 蕭紀
1408:Chonghua
1329:文宣皇太后 阮氏
1241:Xie Tiao
1083:Chang'an
1064:Hou Jing
1022:Tianjian
967:de facto
925:Gao Huan
918:Xiao Cha
850:Shangqiu
845:Yuan Hao
768:Buddhist
708:Hanzhong
679:(modern
665:Zhou She
600:titular
596:Dowager
578:Jingzhou
559:Jiankang
515:Xiangfan
471:Shen Yue
462:Shizhong
438:Xiao Xiu
390:Jiankang
386:rebelled
383:Hou Jing
352:Buddhism
302:Xiao Yan
142:Consorts
18:Xiao Yan
2515:Jianwen
2382:of the
2048:Taiqing
2002:bingyin
1443:Xiao Ji
1431:Xiurong
1422:邵陵攜王 蕭綸
1399:南康簡王 蕭績
1356:Shuyuan
1342:Xiao Yi
1318:廬陵威王 蕭續
1309:簡文皇帝 蕭綱
1297:昭明皇帝 蕭統
1279:穆皇太后 丁氏
1122:Xiao Yi
995:Vietnam
974:détente
862:Luoyang
826:sheshen
819:Xu Mian
801:Jiangsu
712:Shaanxi
700:Xinyang
681:Sichuan
669:Xu Mian
544:Jiangxi
467:Fan Yun
419:Xiao He
374:(梁皇寳懺;
317:emperor
313:Lian'er
294:Chinese
263:Lanling
2676:W. Xia
2605:Houzhu
2420:Xiaowu
2280:
2255:
2119:
2100:
1376:豫章王 蕭贊
1361:敬淑媛 吳氏
1347:元皇帝 蕭繹
1248:琊瑯 王𬤇
1169:Family
1099:Bozhou
1030:Guifei
999:Lý Bôn
979:Zhu Yi
937:Dipper
814:Taoist
809:eunuch
797:Xuzhou
753:regent
716:Bengbu
602:regent
548:Fujian
356:Indian
340:poetry
304:(蕭衍),
296::
280:Mother
272:Father
128:Burial
2620:Shang
2498:Liang
2181:jimao
2159:late
1547:琊瑯 王銓
1523:河東 柳偃
1497:范陽 張纘
1488:富陽悼公主
1477:琊瑯 王實
1436:修容 葛氏
1413:充華 丁氏
1390:淑儀 董氏
1385:Shuyi
1236:陳郡 謝謨
1127:Henan
1107:Anhui
1103:Anhui
1017:weiqi
991:Hanoi
854:Henan
728:Anhui
724:Hefei
720:Anhui
704:Henan
628:Anhui
590:Hubei
586:Wuhan
582:Hubei
552:Anhui
536:Hubei
519:Hubei
511:Hubei
507:Henan
500:Henan
491:Anhui
487:Lu'an
309:Shuda
258:House
171:Names
155:Issue
63:Reign
2692:Qing
2688:Ming
2684:Yuan
2672:Song
2668:Liao
2660:Tang
2624:Zhou
2600:Xuan
2577:Chen
2535:Jing
2525:Yuan
2478:Ming
2440:Shun
2430:Ming
2405:Shao
2278:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2206:yisi
2117:ISBN
2098:ISBN
1538:永嘉公主
1508:長城公主
1462:安吉公主
1259:永康公主
1221:永世公主
1195:永興公主
960:and
683:and
667:and
546:and
344:arts
266:Xiao
234:lit.
181:Xiāo
159:See
120:Died
110:Born
2700:PRC
2696:ROC
2680:Jīn
2656:Sui
2640:Jìn
2632:Han
2628:Qin
2616:Xia
2595:Fei
2590:Wen
2530:Min
2458:Gao
2410:Wen
878:."
502:).
298:梁武帝
183:(蕭)
115:464
42:梁武帝
2715::
2698:/
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2690:→
2686:→
2682:→
2678:/
2674:/
2670:/
2666:→
2662:→
2658:→
2654:→
2650:/
2646:→
2642:/
2638:→
2634:→
2630:→
2626:→
2622:→
2618:→
2585:Wu
2510:Wu
2488:He
2463:Wu
2400:Wu
2123:.
1541:)
1517:)
1514:玉姈
1471:)
1468:玉娡
1439:)
1416:)
1393:)
1370:)
1367:景暉
1338:)
1335:令嬴
1288:)
1285:令光
1265:玉嬛
1230:)
1227:玉婉
1210:殷均
1201:玉姚
1189:)
1101:,
993:,
852:,
799:,
726:,
718:,
710:,
702:,
626:,
588:,
580:,
517:,
489:,
179::
2372:e
2365:t
2358:v
2286:.
2261:.
1550:)
1530:)
1480:)
1268:)
1251:)
1213:)
1186:徽
292:(
136:)
34:.
20:)
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