219:(Chinese, 1964). While there was a great amount of historical information, Xiaomingxiong felt that the analysis of male homosexuality was inaccurate, saying “the comments the author made on why people become homosexual were just ridiculous.” During this time, homosexual acts between men was still illegal in Hong Kong because many Chinese’s beliefs were that homosexuality was a “foreign vice” imported from the West. Xiaomingxiong began to write his own book in response to these beliefs. With the Sino-British Joint Declaration looming overhead, Xiaomingxiong rushed to publish his book in fear of suppressions towards freedoms of speech. Though published through the Pink Triangle Press, Xiaomingxiong received little support in publishing, and he financed and distributed
269:, Xiaomingxiong made several revisions. Alongside more historical documentation, Xiaomingxiong added a preface providing contextual information regarding shifts in the social and political climate of Hong Kong in the 1980-90s. He amended his original claims; instead of arguing for “homophobia is a Western import,” Xiaomingxiong argued that “existing homophobia in China was being Westernized.” Scholar Helen Hok-Sze Leung states that the reason for this change was:
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102:. It was there that he met fellow students who self-labeled themselves as gay and came across the first wave of gay liberation writings. Though Xiaomingxiong read about gay life through books, it wouldn't be until after graduation in 1975 during a brief stay in Hong Kong that he began exploring his sexuality. In 1976, Xiaomingxiong went to
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to the 1980s. The book itself touches upon homosexual activities amongst various social groups and settings, specifically in “divided families on the mainland seaboard, the royal court, the nobility, scholars, and sexually segregated groups such as prisoners.” With references to history, fiction,
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acts were still illegal and punishable by life imprisonment. He was quick to discover the one and only local underground gay bar at the time, the
Dateline, through the then editor of the City Magazine. There, he met a wealthy Chinese merchant, who agreed to finance Xiaomingxiong for his first gay
317:(1992). After reading through the publication, Xiaomingxiong believed that some of the content and organization of Hinsch’s book was similar to his. Though Xiaomingxiong reached out to Hinsch’s publisher, no legal action was pursued due to his limited financial resources.
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folktales, official court records, legal codes, religious documents, literature and arts, accounts by foreign missionaries, and even common slang and jokes, this book aimed to comprehensively record mentions of same-sex love in China. In writing
117:. In the years that followed, he explored first hand various aspects of the new urban gay lifestyle, interviewing first generations of gay bookshop owners, gay parents, homosexuals from different races, etc. In 1978, Xiaomingxiong met with
258:(1984), Xiaomingxiong’s main argument was to counter the belief that homosexuality was a “disease/sin brought from the West,” claiming that same-sex love actually flourished in Chinese history and tradition and that it was actually
173:(1981). The public's reactions also earned Xiaomingxiong a column space in the City Magazine, allowing him to openly disseminate information and advice on homosexuality. After more than five years of preparations, the comprehensive
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y the time the revised edition came…in 1997, the discursive relationship between homophobia, coloniality and nationalism had shifted considerably… discursive shifts in Hong Kong society and the potential for nativist tendencies in
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discourse to be appropriated into a newly hegemonic
Chinese nationalism prompts him to reframe his understanding of homophobia in Hong Kong as a Westernized rather than Western phenomenon.
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66:. At a young age, Xiaomingxiong was exposed to a variety of political, cultural, and religious identities, being interested in
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In 1991, consensual homosexual acts in the private sphere was legalized in Hong Kong. Six years later, the revised version of
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Xiaomingxiong goes on to claim that
Chinese homophobia, before Westernization, functioned through an implicit “fuzzy-
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that were banned in Hong Kong at the time. Xiaomingxiong finished high school at the age of sixteen and went to the
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along with Third World gay and lesbian delegates, representing Asian
Americans. There, he met with
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169:(1980). This was followed by the underground newsletter "Pink Triangle" (1981) and the book
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when he was still in New York. After meeting at the White House, Xiaomingxiong went to the
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409:“Pink Triangle” Newsletter Issue 1980.2 and “East Tide” Newsletter Issue 1980.10
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Front cover of issue 2 of
Samshasha's Pink Triangle Newsletter published in 1980
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527:"Interview with Samshasha, Hong Kong's First Gay Rights Activist and Author"
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was published in 1984 just before the announcement and agreement of the
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on gay liberation in 1979. In June 1979, Xiaomingxiong travelled to the
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identities into homophobic “regulatory mechanisms” of homosexuality.
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The
History of Homosexuality in China (Chinese, 1984, revised 1997)
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Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male
Homosexual Tradition in China
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Chinese male homosexualities : Memba, tongzhi and golden boy
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Intersections: Gender, History and
Culture in the Asian Context
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activist and one of the first authors to study the history of
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was published on the eve of July 1, 1997, right before the
313:(1984), Xiaomingxiong came across Bret Hinsch’s book
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Xiaomingxiong first started working on his 1984 book
82:for university education in 1971. His arrival at
156:At the end of 1979, Xiaomingxiong returned to
129:. They later recorded the first interview in
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565:Slicing Silence: Asian Progressives Come Out
704:Lau, M. P.; Ng, M. L. (1 December 1989).
356:Twenty-five Questions About Homosexuality
171:Twenty-five Questions about Homosexuality
662:Leung, Helen Hok‐Sze (1 December 2007).
664:"Archiving queer feelings in Hong Kong"
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23:: 小明雄)(1954–?) is the pen name of
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309:After the initial publication of
27:(Ng Siuming, 吳小明), also known as
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243:The History of Homosexuality
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74:while also reading books on
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167:A Chinese Gay's Manifesto
757:Hong Kong LGBTQ writers
525:Mark McLelland (2000).
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181:. A later revision of
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381:"" (Chinese, 1980-1)
223:(1984) personally.
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326:Non-Fiction
305:Controversy
288:transsexual
284:transgender
135:White House
25:Wu XiaoMing
746:Categories
624:1019470334
415:References
372:Newsletter
260:homophobia
162:homosexual
86:and later
730:1573-076X
688:1464-9373
430:"同志之父小明雄"
249:from the
131:Cantonese
112:Stonewall
84:Louisiana
62:when the
52:Hong Kong
46:Biography
36:gay right
33:Hong Kong
29:Samshasha
386:See also
341:Booklets
299:bisexual
160:, where
104:New York
56:mainland
540:27 July
439:27 July
276:tongzhi
238:Content
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108:geology
90:at the
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428:趙來發.
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