135:." As a result, he was arrested by the mayor, who disliked the Chaire family. However, Francisco was freed shortly after by his brother, and assisted by Eleuterio Quirós, a family servant. The mayor "called in the army to track down the escapee and his accomplices." The Chaire family surrendered and were pardoned. However, Quirós was determined to continue resisting, the reasons for which are unclear. Quirós had soon "ignited a caste war" and quickly gained support among the poor in the region by promising "no more government interference in Sierran affairs," as well as land distribution, guaranteed employment, and "the termination of Church intrusions." The rebellion was "brushed off" as "
116:
conquest, pacification and reduction of the chichimecos jonaces
Indians of the Sierra Gorda" described the Ximpece, Pame, and Chichimeca Jonaz as follows: "The Ximpeces... of so docile nature that there is no tradition that persuades its conquest... the Pames are similar to the Ximpeces and more applied to the work and commerce with the Spanish and opposed to the Jonaces... the untameable rebellious Jonaces..."
407:
150:
to track down Quirós and in
December 1849 to certify his execution." Although further solutions ranged from complete extermination to land distribution, a compromise was eventually reached, which guaranteed the Indigenous people "some land to farm, considerable tax relief, and a promise that they
115:
for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are very scarce." One of the most important sources on the
Ximpece is by "a military man of the eighteenth century" Gerónimo de Labra. Designated as the "captain protector of the Indians of the Sierra Gorda," Labra's "Manifest of the precedent in the
123:
up until the nineteenth century. They were known for their fierce distrust of the
Spanish and "entered the Independence period with substantial confidence and solidarity" with the other Indigenous groups who lived in the Sierra Gorda, namely the Pame and Jonaz. As "merchants, miners, and
139:," which was "used as a catchword by outsiders to characterize Indian anger and unity." However, the white population and "even many mestizos" quickly became deeply worried "about the possibility of a combined effort by the Indians to expel them from the country."
124:
hacendados," who were "lured to the region by commercial investments" increasingly encroached upon the remaining territory they had managed to hold onto after centuries of colonization, an internal conflict among these groups "escalated into a race war."
103:, belonging to the Otomi, Chichimeca, Pame, Jonace and Ximpece peoples." It is unclear whether the Ximpece exist today as an intact cultural group due to minimal historical and contemporary sources.
92:
166:. This left the Indigenous people in the Sierra Gorda entirely vulnerable, who "were enveloped, although not completely pacified, by the national economic development that followed."
290:
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would not be force-drafted into the army." Additionally, "the federal government founded three colonies for the
Indians and gave them provisions and cattle for subsistence there."
142:
Quirós' rebels "ravaged the Sierra well into 1849." Many whites were driven from the region in the period, while others fled. Army battalions were called in and ordered by
General
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However, shortly after the French invaded Mexico, which drew the situation of the
Ximpece and other Indigenous people in the region into complete disarray. General
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after the eventual retreat of the French, their defeat, and the consolidation of the military forces of the
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Disorder and
Progress: Bandits, Police, and Mexican Development
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National
Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples
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Evangelization and
Cultural Conflict in Colonial Mexico
184:"Indigenous Craftswomen Take on Mexican Fashion World"
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508:
422:
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212:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 166–167.
146:, "but it took a native son of the Sierra, General
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27:
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131:army post and returned to his Sierran village of
248:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp.
16:Indigenous ethnic group of Chichimecas in Mexico
127:In August 1847, Francisco Chaire "deserted his
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38:Regions with significant populations
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718:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
300:Indigenous peoples of Mexico
182:Godoy, Emilio (9 May 2011).
95:reported that "about 60,000
208:Jackson, Robert H. (2014).
73:Indigenous people of Mexico
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119:The Ximpece inhabited the
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240:Vanderwood, Paul (1992).
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42:
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307:More than 100,000 people
423:20,000 – 100,000 people
595:Less than 1,000 people
509:1,000 – 20,000 people
99:live in the state of
50:Related ethnic groups
144:Anastasio Bustamante
83:who lived among the
188:Inter Press Service
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521:Chichimeca Jonaz
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164:Mexican Republic
79:ethnic group of
75:who were a semi-
56:Chichimeca Jonaz
28:Total population
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191:. Retrieved
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177:
160:Maximilion I
153:
141:
126:
121:Sierra Gorda
118:
113:Sierra Gorda
110:
68:
66:
19:Ethnic group
148:Tomás Mejía
97:Amerindians
81:Chichimecas
712:Categories
607:Chiricahua
571:Qʼanjobʼal
551:Mexicanero
170:References
129:Guanajuato
723:Querétaro
662:Mezcalero
632:Kaqchikel
622:Ixcatecos
566:Pima Bajo
480:Tojolabal
364:Purépecha
314:Chinantec
137:socialist
101:Querétaro
44:Querétaro
602:Awakatek
576:Qʼeqchiʼ
556:Ocuiltec
546:Lacandon
541:Jakaltek
536:Guarijio
490:Wixarika
475:Tepehuán
470:Popoluca
450:Cuicatec
374:Tlapanec
369:Rarámuri
87:and the
637:Kʼicheʼ
612:Cochimí
586:Tepehua
581:Tacuate
435:Chatino
394:Zapotec
389:Tzotzil
384:Tzeltal
379:Totonac
339:Mazatec
334:Mazahua
324:Huastec
107:History
77:nomadic
71:are an
69:Ximpece
33:Unknown
23:Ximpece
677:Paipai
652:Kumiai
647:Kiliwa
642:Kikapú
617:Cucapá
526:Chocho
516:Akatek
485:Triqui
430:Amuzgo
349:Mixtec
256:
216:
193:2 July
91:. The
672:Opata
657:Lipán
500:Zoque
495:Yaqui
455:Huave
359:Otomi
354:Nahua
319:Chʼol
250:26–28
156:Mejía
133:Xichú
89:Jonaz
687:Teko
682:Seri
627:Ixil
561:Pame
531:Chuj
465:Mayo
445:Cora
344:Mixe
329:Maya
254:ISBN
214:ISBN
195:2019
85:Pame
67:The
60:Pame
460:Mam
714::
252:.
228:^
186:.
58:,
292:e
285:t
278:v
262:.
222:.
197:.
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